Native Plants Journal最新文献

{"title":"Soil medium and watering frequency alter growth and allocation for Blue Diamond cholla (Cylindropuntia multigeniculata), a rare cactus of the northeast Mojave Desert, USA","authors":"Sara J. Scoles-Sciulla, Alexander Stosich, L. DeFalco","doi":"10.3368/npj.24.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.24.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Blue Diamond cholla (Cylindropuntia multigeniculata (Clokey) Blackb. [Cactaceae]) is a rare cactus of the Mojave Desert. We explored whether cultivation from joint cuttings is a viable method for supporting threatened populations. Terminal joints were collected from adult plants at the type locality and grown in a shade house: We tested whether 2 soil mixes that varied in the ratio of inorganic and organic components (50:50 compared to 85:15) and 2 watering frequencies (250 ml every 5 d compared to 500 ml every 10 d) promote root growth important to outplanting survival. Plants grown from joint cuttings in the 50:50 soil had greater shoot and root biomass, produced more joint segments, and had higher initial and final survivorship over the 5-mo study. Neither soil nor watering treatments shifted biomass allocation to roots as hypothesized, but frequent watering produced longer roots, which may benefit reintroduced plants by assisting root access to deep soil moisture. Despite their vigor during collection, freshly cut joints rapidly declined in condition, resulting in approximately 50% mortality during the first month of the study. Initial mortality was not explained by the identity, condition, or size of the maternal plant. Prior-year weather patterns and collection procedures may influence quality and durability of joint cuttings and require further study. While larger plants were produced from the 50:50 mix, and root length was increased by frequent watering, reintroduction of nursery-grown plants will indicate whether such treatments aid establishment in the dry habitat where this species occurs.","PeriodicalId":213211,"journal":{"name":"Native Plants Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134017464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substrate moisture and texture affect germination in Houghton's goldenrod (Solidago houghtonii), a federally protected Great Lakes endemic plant","authors":"Justine B. Weber, D. Leopold","doi":"10.3368/npj.24.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.24.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Rare plants garner significant conservation attention, but many have knowledge gaps associated with their life histories. This missing information presents a substantial hurdle for applied conservation. Houghton's goldenrod (Solidago houghtonii Torrey & A. Gray [Asteraceae]) is a Great Lakes endemic perennial that is often locally abundant but is limited to a narrow region in Michigan, New York, and Ontario. This species is federally listed in the US as threatened, state listed as threatened in Michigan and endangered in New York, and is a species of special concern in Canada. There may be enough viable S. houghtonii populations to meet the US federal recovery criterion, but more data are needed regarding long-term persistence within and across populations, especially related to successful sexual reproduction—key in most seed plants' long-term persistence. As part of a range-wide study on the species, we performed greenhouse and field experiments to evaluate the effects of substrate moisture and texture on germination success. In both experimental contexts, we found that S. houghtonii germination significantly increased with increased substrate moisture and smoother substrate texture. In addition, a post hoc exploratory analysis on the effects of disturbance on germination showed higher germination in plots with higher disturbance levels, though this trend was not statistically significant. These results add to the limited life history information available for S. houghtonii. Our findings also suggest that substrate texture may be an easily characterized habitat variable that predicts germination for other species because of its relationship to consistent moisture contact for seeds.","PeriodicalId":213211,"journal":{"name":"Native Plants Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125573209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing the state endemic, Oregon semaphoregrass (Pleuropogon oregonus): focus on a successful propagation and introduction program on Burns Paiute Tribal lands","authors":"Stella M. Copeland, Carter G. Crouch, Brandon J. Palmer, E. Hamerlynck, L. Ziegenhagen, Jordan Brown","doi":"10.3368/npj.24.1.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.24.1.62","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Oregon semaphoregrass (Pleuropogon oregonus Chase [Poaceae]) is a rare grass that occurs in only a handful of locations in eastern Oregon montane wet meadows, primarily on private lands. Propagation and outplanting methods have been developed over the past few decades to expand the geographic extent and to increase the number of plants by introductions in protected areas. The species rapidly increases through rhizomatous growth in a range of environmental conditions, provided sufficient moisture and nutrients are present, but is susceptible to some pests and pathogens. Over 2 decades, introductions with vegetative material have survived and increased in a mid-elevation meadow on Burns Paiute Tribal lands, a site relatively far from natural populations. Introductions in other areas have largely failed, however, likely because of unsuitable site environmental characteristics. Lessons learned from the successful propagation and outplanting program on Burns Paiute Tribal lands may be useful in future introductions, provided necessary site environmental attributes are identified.","PeriodicalId":213211,"journal":{"name":"Native Plants Journal","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126040378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Native and introduced ornamental bunchgrass seedling response to restricted soil-moisture conditions","authors":"Stephanie Gutiérrez, J. P. Muir, D. Murray, W. Smith, J. Bow","doi":"10.3368/npj.24.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.24.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Our greenhouse study compared seedlings of native Texas sideoats grama (SOG; Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.) and little bluestem (LBS; Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash) to introduced fountaingrass (Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.), feather reed grass (Calamagrostis x acutiflora (Schrad.) Rchb.), and pheasant tail grass (Stipa arundinacea (Hook.f.) Benth.), bunchgrasses of the Poaceae family that are currently used as ornamental bunchgrasses. The objectives were to 1) determine seedling phenotypic ornamental variability in relation to soil water deficiency of selected SOG and LBS accessions under greenhouse conditions at Stephenville, Texas, and 2) compare simulated soil moisture stress on SOG and LBS performance compared to widely utilized non-native ornamental bunchgrasses. Species and accessions within species differed primarily in herbage dry matter yield (DMY) and canopy diameter. At 25% soil-saturation (P ≤ 0.05), LBS seedlings yielded 23.8% and SOG 26.7% of the herbage DMY as they did at 100% soil-saturation. When compared to the 15.9% and 12.6% DMY (P ≤ 0.05) for fountaingrass and feather reed grass, respectively, at the same irrigation levels, the native seedlings suffered less decline under persistently low soil-moisture conditions. When averaged across irrigation levels, there was a 34.0% difference (P ≤ 0.05) in LBS entries DMY between the greatest and least DMY while there was a 26.8% difference between the greatest and least yielding LBS, indicating high variability in DMY within these germplasms. Native accessions likewise showed variation in plant heights and inflorescence color within each species. Field trials comparing native and exotic ornamental seedlings as well as epigenetic variability within species are warranted.","PeriodicalId":213211,"journal":{"name":"Native Plants Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121499359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevation impact on seed germination requirements for two Asteraceae species","authors":"A. Brown, P. Allen","doi":"10.3368/npj.24.1.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.24.1.45","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Elevation and latitude correlate with environmental factors that drive natural selection. Climate-change projections in the Great Basin suggest higher temperatures and increasingly lower annual winter snowfall, especially at low elevations. The transition from dormancy to germination represents a vulnerable stage of plant phenology, given the high susceptibility to death in newly germinated seedlings. Consequently, mechanisms involved with this phenomenon and its timing play an essential role in plant population fitness. This study investigates seed dormancy and germination for 2 co-occurring Asteraceae/Compositae species: arrowleaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.) and shiny mule's ear (Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.) from the same geographic area (near Provo Canyon, Utah) across an elevation gradient of 1584 m to 2438 m (5200–8000 ft). In laboratory experiments, seeds received increasing periods of cold stratification at 2 °C (35.6 °F) (from 4–20 wk) followed by incubation at 10 to 20 °C (50–68 °F). Shiny mule's ear seeds from low (1584 m [5200 ft]) and mid (2011 m [6600 ft]) elevations required 8 wk of cold stratification while seeds from the highest elevation required 12 wk to reach 50% germination. Seeds of arrowleaf balsamroot from all elevations reached 50% germination after 16 wk of cold stratification although germination rate varied by elevation. These results suggest that selection pressure in contrasting environments results in variable dormancy-breaking durations, with implications for propagation, projected climate change, and seed sourcing in restoration efforts.","PeriodicalId":213211,"journal":{"name":"Native Plants Journal","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123361217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed increase protocol for rabbit ears gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. weberi) and yellow Indian paintbrush (Castilleja flava var. flava)","authors":"N. Robertson, Emily Overton Rhoades","doi":"10.3368/npj.24.1.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.24.1.54","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Coeur d'Alene Nursery seed increase program incorporates Regional Forest Service seed transfer protocols to ensure genetically appropriate seed sources are used for revegetation efforts. We have developed seed increase protocols for Region 2 US Forest Service Sensitive Species Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V.E. Grant ssp. weberi V.E. Grant & Wilken (rabbit ears gilia [Polemoniaceae]) and hemiparasitic Castilleja flava S. Watson var. flava (yellow Indian paintbrush [Orobanchaceae]). Both species exhibit life history traits such as biennial habit, obligate outcrossing pollination strategy, and indeterminate capsule ripening or hemiparasitism, requiring development of efficient and less expensive seed increase methods.","PeriodicalId":213211,"journal":{"name":"Native Plants Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130592732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propagation for commercial production of sweet acacia (Vachellia farnesiana): a native plant with ornamental potential","authors":"T. Smith, Sandra Wilson, S. Marble, JianJian Xu","doi":"10.3368/npj.23.3.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.23.3.337","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Sweet acacia (Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. [Fabaceae]) is an evergreen or drought-deciduous tree with attractive foliage and fragrant yellow flowers. This Florida native has high drought tolerance and is underutilized in landscapes because of its limited availability and the limited knowledge of commercial production techniques. We conducted a series of 4 propagation studies for practical application by nurseries looking to grow sweet acacia. In Experiment 1, seeds were scarified with either sandpaper or boiling water treatments prior to soaking overnight. After 23 d, 62.7% and 76.0% emergence were achieved for the sandpaper and boiling water treatments, respectively, whereas the non-scarified control treatment resulted in only 1.3% emergence. For both the sandpaper and boiling water treatments, half of the seeds germinated by day 10.5 (T50). Two-thirds of the resultant seedlings were polycotyledonous, having 3 and 4 cotyledons and 6.8 times more branching when compared to those with 2 cotyledons. In Experiment 2, we scarified seeds with boiling water overnight and then sorted them by their appearance (imbibed versus non-imbibed). Initially, the visually imbibed seeds had the highest emergence followed by the visually non-imbibed seeds, and then the control seeds. Yet after 23 d, emergence was similar among imbibed (96.7%) and non-imbibed (87.8%) seeds and greater than the control (11.1%). We conducted Experiments 3 and 4 to determine if cutting propagation is a feasible alternative to seed propagation. In Experiment 3, the effects of liquid rooting hormone (auxin) concentrations on rooting were explored using semi-hardwood cuttings quick dipped with liquid Dip’N Grow (indole-3-butyric acid [IBA] + 1-naphthaleneacetic acid [NAA]) at concentrations of 4000:2000, 2000:1000, 1000:500, 500:250, and 0:0 mg/l (ppm) IBA:NAA. Regardless of treatment, few cuttings rooted and (or) survived the length of the experiment. In Experiment 4, the effects of talc rooting hormone concentrations on root formation were explored using younger stock plant cuttings and humidity domes placed within the mist house. When stuck with talc Hormex at 0, 8000, and 16,000 mg/l (ppm) IBA, 53% to 73% cutting survival was achieved with similar rooting percentage between treatments; however, cuttings treated with 16,000 mg/l (ppm) IBA had longer roots. Results confirm that asexual propagation of sweet acacia is possible by stem cuttings; however, the process is slow and not successful at rates necessary for commercial production. Instead, efficient sexual propagation can be reliably performed using a pre-sowing scarification treatment to alleviate physical seed dormancy.","PeriodicalId":213211,"journal":{"name":"Native Plants Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124767843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypernatural Piedmont prairies: a screening process for optimum placement","authors":"S. Dunlap, Brad Davis, J. Calabria","doi":"10.3368/npj.23.3.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.23.3.324","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Limited information is available on the optimum placement of designed plant communities that reference the historic Piedmont prairies of southeastern North America. Characterized as “a hybrid of horticulture and ecology,” a designed plant communities approach looks to naturally occurring plant associations for both aesthetic inspiration and guidance on ideal environmental conditions and plant composition. Designed plant communities are not intended to be facsimiles of native plant communities and are not ecological restorations. Through semi-novel plant combinations and plant selection aimed at creating vibrant multi-season bloom events for continual visual interest, these hypernatural plantings emphasize public enjoyment. Through the incorporation of the plants’ natural tendencies, however, designed plant communities can also provide ease of maintenance in tough environments and various ecological benefits. This study was conducted to identify optimum locations for the installation of hypernatural Piedmont prairie plantings in Athens-Clarke County, Georgia. Using ArcMap, the authors employed an exclusion and screening process based on the environmental factors identified in literature related to the restoration of natural Piedmont prairies, in addition to logistics related to their implementation within Athens-Clarke County (with appropriate locations limited to public or institutional properties). Appropriate variables were selected and combined to map candidate sites. The process identified 128 ha (318 ac) for hypernatural Piedmont prairie conversion in the county. Suitable locations range from dense urban areas to outlying rural parcels and included power line easements, open parklands, and roadsides. The process was designed to be easily replicated for other Piedmont locations where hypernatural Piedmont prairie plantings are desired.","PeriodicalId":213211,"journal":{"name":"Native Plants Journal","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131268041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the use of woody debris to enhance native plant establishment from seeds on legacy coal mines in West Virginia (USA)","authors":"A. M. Branduzzi, C. Barton, C. Baskin, Allison G. Davis","doi":"10.3368/npj.23.3.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.23.3.272","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In biodiverse ecosystems of high conservation value, such as the high elevation red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg. [Pinaceae]) forests of Appalachia, disturbed landscapes are in need of damage repair and improved early successional habitat. Increasing plant diversity through direct seeding and repur-posing downed woody debris from legacy mine plantations could add valuable habitat components for ecological restoration projects. We direct seeded native herbaceous and shrub species on a reclaimed surface mine in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, to examine the influence of woody debris on native seed germination, seedling survival, and cover in the first growing season. We selected 9 native herbaceous and 1 shrub species based on importance in the red spruce ecosystem, their height to compete with tall aggressive grasses, value to pollinators, and commercial availability. The 10 species were individually sown in autumn 2018 after soil decompaction in 1 m2 (10.76 ft2) plots and replicated 3 times with and without 2.27 kg (5 lb) of woody debris. Some seeds of all species germinated and produced cover. Germination ranged from 1.6±0.9% (Mean±SE; tall white beardtongue [Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims (Scrophulariaceae)], wood) to 66.7±7.9% (showy ticktrefoil [Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. (Fabaceae)], no wood); survival ranged 0% (purple node joe pye weed [Eupatorium purpureum (L.) E.E. Lamont (Asteraceae)], no wood) to 98.1±1.9% (staghorn sumac [Rhus typhina L. (Anacardiaceae)], wood); and final cover ranged 0.5±0.0% (butterfly milkweed [Asclepias tuberosa L. (Asclepiadaceae)], wood, and Eupatorium purpureum, no wood) to 14.4±9.0% (blackeyed Susan [Rudbeckia hirta L. (Asteraceae)], no wood). The odds of survival for all species with woody debris versus without was approximately 2:1 (P = 0.011). Future monitoring will provide long-term data on the survival and potential of these species for use in restoration projects.Branduzzi AM, Barton CD, Baskin CC, Davis AG. 2022. Evaluating the use of woody debris to enhance native plant establishment from seeds on legacy coal mines in West Virginia (USA). Native Plants Journal 23(3):272–287.","PeriodicalId":213211,"journal":{"name":"Native Plants Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129637087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of a calcareous river floodplain in southwestern Montana, part 2: presentation of monitoring data","authors":"T. Luna","doi":"10.3368/npj.23.3.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.23.3.349","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Active and passive restoration treatments were monitored for wetland vegetation recruitment on a large river floodplain in southwestern Montana. Species richness gains at the end of the monitoring periods were greatest in passively restored rich fen, extremely rich fen stream terraces, and alkaline meadows adjoining fens. Restored hydrology resulted in removal of exotics and natives intolerant of longer hydroperiods and recruitment of natives adapted to fully restored hydrology. Both active and passive treatments resulted in establishment of 5 rare species from borrowed sod, redistributed soils, and undisturbed in situ seedbanks. Seed characteristics and dormancy types can influence seed longevity in native wetland seedbanks, which can contain cryptic diversity in refugium populations of some rare species appearing after restoration treatments.","PeriodicalId":213211,"journal":{"name":"Native Plants Journal","volume":"46 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115989760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}