BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AGEING: SELECTED ASPECTS AND CONTEXTS最新文献

Ageing and the Pay-as-you-go (PAYG) Pension System’s Asset-liability (Mis)Matching 老龄化与现收现付(PAYG)养老金制度的资产负债匹配

BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AGEING: SELECTED ASPECTS AND CONTEXTS Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24917/9788395373718.7

József Banyár

{"title":"Ageing and the Pay-as-you-go (PAYG) Pension System’s Asset-liability (Mis)Matching","authors":"József Banyár","doi":"10.24917/9788395373718.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24917/9788395373718.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study present how in the late 1930s-1940s a new, modern pension system was introduced in America without any theoretical basis, as a kind of arbitrary mix of existing pension systems, to replace the by then non-functioning “traditional pension system” in which working children maintained their ageing parents in exchange for having been raised. Later, in 1958, they found an ideology for the system, “solidarity between generations,” but this didn’t fit in with the system’s economic foundations, with the fact that the modern, pay-as-you-go pension system distributes the profits of raising children amongst the older generation regardless of how much people have contributed to it. This made raising children unprofitable, which provided a strong incentive to avoid it, thus launching the ageing process. Moreover, the modern pension system, also as a result of ageing, is making increasingly large and uncovered promises to the retired generation. The system may be repaired by matching the asset (raising children) side to the liabilities (pension promise) side, for example, by only promising a pension to those who have contributed to the system (through raising children or accumulating savings), and only to the extent of that contribution. Contribution payments are an obligation, the repayment of the cost of people’s upbringing, with relation to which no pension is automatically due. By doing so, the 3rd pillar of the modern pension system will also have been capitalized using a special kind of capital: human capital.","PeriodicalId":213061,"journal":{"name":"BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AGEING: SELECTED ASPECTS AND CONTEXTS","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128583512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Successful Ageing: State of the Art and Criticism 成功的老龄化:艺术与批评的现状

BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AGEING: SELECTED ASPECTS AND CONTEXTS Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24917/9788395373718.1

Ya.V. Evseeva

{"title":"Successful Ageing: State of the Art and Criticism","authors":"Ya.V. Evseeva","doi":"10.24917/9788395373718.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24917/9788395373718.1","url":null,"abstract":": This chapter reviews the history of the major ideas of successful ageing, their current state, and criticism. The original concept of successful ageing understood as life satisfaction continuing into later maturity, was developed by Havighurst in the early 1960s. Afterward, it was associated with active, healthy, positive, or productive ageing. For contemporary gerontology, successful ageing was rediscovered in the late 1980s by Rowe and Kahn who regarded it as good physical and mental health as well as social engagement. Today, one can speak of three major trends in the development of ideas of successful ageing. On the one hand, considerable numbers of scientists and specialists around the world in an uncritical way elaborate projects and programs of successful ageing as a useful research and practice framework. On the other hand, over the past two decades, ideas of successful ageing have tended to embrace more than implied in the classical Rowe-Kahn model. For quite a large group of researchers, successful ageing is an umbrella term for a positive world outlook and a respective lifestyle in old age, not limited to one theory and potentially encompassing all older people who are relatively content with themselves and their life, which can be facilitated through altruistic behavior (e.g., volunteering) and spiritual growth (lifelong learning and creativity). Finally, quite influential is the trend that denies the importance of successful ageing and regards it as a reflection of current neoliberal values. This approach is typical of critical gerontological branches, post-Marxist, feminist, postmodern gerontology among them. Authors sharing this view believe that concepts of successful ageing individualize and psychologize ageing and ignore power relations and structural inequalities in society (which do not allow all the population groups to age equally “successfully”).","PeriodicalId":213061,"journal":{"name":"BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AGEING: SELECTED ASPECTS AND CONTEXTS","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123709166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploration of Ghana’s Older People’s Life-Sustaining Needs in the 21st Century and the Way Forward 21世纪加纳老年人维持生命需求的探索及未来之路

BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AGEING: SELECTED ASPECTS AND CONTEXTS Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24917/9788395373718.4

D. Dovie

引用次数: 1

The Austrian Pension System: History, Development and Today 奥地利养老金制度:历史、发展与今天

BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AGEING: SELECTED ASPECTS AND CONTEXTS Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24917/9788395373718.6

S. Stadler

{"title":"The Austrian Pension System: History, Development and Today","authors":"S. Stadler","doi":"10.24917/9788395373718.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24917/9788395373718.6","url":null,"abstract":": The Austrian system for pensions and care is dated back to the monarchy and was established in the year 1848 when the future empire ensured the whole country. In the settlement with Hungary, the Hungarians got their own system, and now there is a guarantee for the wellbeing of older persons in Austria. As most of the people remember, the only introduction was after the First World War in Austria, between 1918 and 1920 the social assurance system was created by persons such as Ferdinand Hanusch or members of the social-democratic party. Now the whole system has three pillars: the assurance of health; the assurance of accidents; and the assurance for older persons and care, which is covering the risks after the age of 60. It was a class-struggle when people go into a pension, but as far as we can see, the development was similar in the whole of Europe. The changes were done after the Second World War when some of the countries became communist regimes, while Austria became a flower of diversity in the systems of social assurances. There were no private assurances, those who existed were plus-payers, so the state allowed the assurance according to professions and qualifications. As we see, the results are different from the communist states of the Warsaw Pact, and this chapter focuses on explaining the social system of today and the changes of it as it is perceived.","PeriodicalId":213061,"journal":{"name":"BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AGEING: SELECTED ASPECTS AND CONTEXTS","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133201299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on the Development of the Elderly Care Policies in China 中国养老政策发展研究

BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AGEING: SELECTED ASPECTS AND CONTEXTS Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24917/9788395373718.5

Feifan Yang, Dawei Gao, Haisong Nie

{"title":"Research on the Development of the Elderly Care Policies in China","authors":"Feifan Yang, Dawei Gao, Haisong Nie","doi":"10.24917/9788395373718.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24917/9788395373718.5","url":null,"abstract":": The population ageing of Chinese society is deepening. The elderly care policy is a policy standard formulated by the government to protect the rights and interests of older people in the process of actively coping with the population ageing. It has crucial guiding significance for improving the elderly care services and carrying out pension practice. Since the reform and opening-up 4 , China’s elderly 4 Reform and opening-up is a series of economic reforms initiated by the People’s Republic of China on December 1978 and a basic state policy for implementing socialism with Chinese characteristics. The care policy system has gone through three stages of initial construction, development, and transformation, showing a development direction from aid to service, from one to multiple, from unique to general. In general, China has primarily formed a complete framework of the elderly care policy system, the rights, and interests of older people have been strongly guaranteed, the elderly care service industry has developed rapidly, and the quality of elderly care service has been effectively improved. However, in the process of policy development, there are still problems such as difficulty in implementing policies, low effectiveness, vague content, and fragmentation of policies. In the future, it is urgent to establish a complete, scientific, reasonable, and effective elderly care policy system. It should further expand the scope of benefits of old-age care policies, promote the coordinated development of the elderly care policies between urban and rural areas and among regions, strengthen the guiding and leading role of the government, and refine policies on personnel training, so as to form a powerful driving force for old-age care.","PeriodicalId":213061,"journal":{"name":"BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AGEING: SELECTED ASPECTS AND CONTEXTS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124189849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Housing as a Challenge for the Ageing Population: The Case of Poland 住房作为人口老龄化的挑战:波兰的案例

BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AGEING: SELECTED ASPECTS AND CONTEXTS Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24917/9788395373718.3

A. Cieśla, J. Cieśla

引用次数: 0

Utilizing Retirement Planning as Leverage for Age Reduction among Workers 利用退休计划作为工人减龄的杠杆

BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AGEING: SELECTED ASPECTS AND CONTEXTS Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24917/9788395373718.2

D. Dovie

引用次数: 2