Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo最新文献

{"title":"Hydropedological digital mapping: machine learning applied to spectral VIS-IR and radiometric data dimensionality reduction","authors":"Priscilla Azevedo dos Santos, Helena Saraiva Koenow Pinheiro, Waldir de Carvalho Carvalho, Igor Leite da Silva, Nilson Rendeiro Pereira, Silvio Barge Bhering, Marcos Bacis Ceddia","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20220149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220149","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pedosphere-hydrosphere interface accounts for the association between soil hydrology and landscape, represented by topographic and Remote Sensing data support and integration. This study aimed to analyze different statistical radiometric and spectral data selection methods and dimensionality reduce environment-related data to support the classification of soil physical-hydric properties, such as soil basic infiltration rate (bir) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat); as well as to act in data mining processes applied to hydropedological properties digital mapping. Accordingly, research integrated information from Visible to Infrared (VIS-IR) spectral indices and Sentinel’s 2A mission Multispectral Instrument (MSI) sensor bands, terrain numerical modeling and aerogeophysics set to model soil-water content in two soil layers (0.00-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m). Pre-processed data were subjected to statistical analysis (multivariate and hypothesis tests); subsequently, the methods were applied (variation inflation factor - VIF, Stepwise Akaike information criterion – Stepwise AIC, and recursive feature elimination - RFE) to mine covariates used for Random Forest modeling. Based on the results, there were distinctions and singularities in spectral and radiometric data selection for each adopted method; the importance degree, and contribution of each one to soil physical-hydric properties have varied. According to the applied statistical metrics and decision-making criteria (highest R 2 and lowest RMSE / MAE), the chosen methods were RFE (0.00-0.20 m layers) and Stepwise AIC (0.20-0.40 m layers) - both concerned with the assessed variables (bir and Ksat). This approach captured the importance of environmental variables and highlighted their potential use in hydropedological digital mapping at Guapi-Macacu watershed.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cracking process in expansive soil with and without vegetation covers in dry and rainy seasons at field scale","authors":"Silvio Romero de Melo Ferreira, Arthur Gomes Dantas Araújo, Martha Maria Bezerra Santos","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20230055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20230055","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The presence of desiccation cracks in the soil alters its hydromechanical behavior, increasing the soil's water infiltration capacity, mobilizing the potential for expansion. This may affect the performance of the structural elements of the construction. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanics of expansion, contraction and cracking of the expansive soil of Paulista - Pernambuco, Brazil, through field trials, subject to wetting cycles and drying. The studied soil is a sandy silty clay of high compressibility with medium to very high expansion potential. The process of formation and propagation of cracks was analyzed using digital images and the monitoring of samples subjected to drying and wetting cycles. The indices of crack geometry increased with the advancement of desiccation but did not stabilize. During the wetting period, they tend to close. The pattern of cracks in the tests varied according to the presence or absence of vegetation. It was concluded that the vegetation cover has a significant influence on the standardization and the crack formation and propagation process.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium and copper transport in alluvial soils in the Brazilian semiarid region: column percolation and modeling","authors":"Vitor Hugo de Oliveira Barros, Adriana Thays Araújo Alves, Severino Martins dos Santos, Artur Paiva Coutinho, Laurent Lassabatere, Manuella Virgínia Salgueiro Gondim, Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20220153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220153","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Regarding the Brazilian textile industry, part of the northeast region stands out as the second-largest textile manufacturing hub in the country. Despite its importance, this industrial activity has been bringing relevant environmental concerns regarding the disposal of textile effluents, especially from industrial laundries. This waste contains many chemicals and among them are various types of heavy metals. To assess environmental risks associated with heavy metals, pollutant transfer needs to be investigated. This study evaluated the retention and mobility of heavy metals Cd and Cu in alluvial soil, through soil column tests. The up-flow column percolation tests were performed using a nonreactive tracer (KBr) at a concentration of 0.3 mol L -1 and injecting a metallic solution containing Cu and Cd at 100 and 60 mg L -1 , respectively. The injection flow rate was 0.75 mL min -1 . The hydro-dispersive parameters were obtained by modeling the observed breakthrough curves with the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) and the two-region model, also referred to as the MIM (Mobile-IMmobile waters) model. The transport parameters were obtained from the two-site model (TSS). All elution curves were fitted to the models with the CXTFIT 2.0 program. The Two-Site Sorption Model was the best for the case studied, with R 2 of 0.985 and 0.995 for Cu and Cd, respectively. The values of R were considerably higher than the unit, presenting an average of 2.138 for Cu and 1.907 for Cd. This indicates a delay of these contaminants when leaving the column, which is caused by the interaction of these chemical compounds with the soil. The values obtained for parameter D were 3.469 for Cu and 5.205 for Cd. Thus, the metals in this study present a risk of groundwater contamination for the local alluvial aquifers. The main reason for that is the physicochemical features of the soil, such as high sand content (85 %) and low OM content (2.1 %). The results also indicated greater retention and less mobility for Cu than for Cd, pointing to a greater risk for Cd.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135914674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in physical and hydraulic properties in sandy soils of the Pampa Biome under different uses","authors":"Rodrigo de Moraes Galarza, Rodrigo Pivoto Mulazzani, Daniel Boeno, Paulo Ivonir Gubiani","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20230032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20230032","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The naturally fragile sandy soils of the Pampa Biome (PB) may be degraded with the introduction of poorly managed agricultural crops. Anthropic use can markedly decrease vegetation cover on sandy soils, leaving them more exposed to erosive agents. Decreases in organic matter content, biodiversity, and nutrient availability, increased soil compaction, and decreased water availability are also some of the impacts caused on PB soils by implementing poorly managed agricultural crops. In Rio Grande do Sul, in areas with sandier soils, the intense replacement of PB with commercial crops that has occurred in recent years (2000-2020) may be starting a disastrous cycle of degradation of these soils. However, it is not yet known how much these soils are degraded by recent anthropic use. There are no local scientific publications dedicated to the diagnosis of the degradation of these soils by anthropic use. Therefore, the need for this study was based on the objective of evaluating the physical and hydraulic properties of sandy PB soils with the insertion of agricultural crops. The study was conducted on three different soils, where soil samples were collected under three systems of use (extensive cattle raising on native grassland, eucalyptus afforestation, and soybean crop). Our results show that it can take more than nine years for soybean and ten years for eucalyptus land-use change to indicate some level of degradation in soil physical and hydraulic properties after replacing PB with these cultivated crops.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Load-bearing capacity and critical water content of the coffee plantation soil with management in full sun and shaded","authors":"Kasé Santos Lacerda, Rafaela Carvalho Vargas, K. M. Ribeiro, M. Dias, K. D. Ribeiro, Dorotéo de Abreu","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20220051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69746200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil characterization and drainage effects in a savanna palm swamp (vereda) of an agricultural area from Central Brazil","authors":"I. Horák‐Terra, F. S. Terra, Adrieny Kerollen Alves Lopes, L. B. Dobbss, Ademir Fontana, Alexandre Christófaro Silva, P. Vidal‐Torrado","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210065","url":null,"abstract":": Brazilian palm swamps ( veredas ) are fundamentals in the hydrological balance of watercourses in the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado). The “sponge effect” of their soils is the main factor controlling local hydrology, storing rainwater, and functioning as headwaters. The restricted knowledge of these tropical ecosystems has led to increased losses, poor preservation, and reduction in their ecosystem services. Veredas have become refuges surrounded by croplands, often drained and inappropriately managed. This study shows the impacts of anthropization on soil processes and properties of a vereda in an agricultural area. Two soil profiles were selected and characterized as preserved and anthropized, respectively upstream and downstream of the studied vereda . Morphological, physical, chemical and microbiological properties were analyzed. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was applied to synthesize the data and provide evidence of the main properties and underlying processes that most responded to the degradation action. The arrangement of this analysis shows three main distinguish drivers: one joining the properties related to the humification of organic matter and relative accumulation of mineral matter versus accumulation of organic matter; the second with properties related to soil chemical reactivity; and the third reflecting the mineralization of organic matter. Our results suggest that the anthropic action has strongly caused the organic carbon reduction (~22 %). After 20 years, the anthropized soil presents not only a great decline in carbon stock (~14 kg m -2 ), but also strong impacts on several other ecologic functions, such as water holding capacity. Veredas are complex and fragile environments, and they should be fully protected to maintain their ecosystem services.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69741378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban soils in Brazil: A review","authors":"S. Furquim, Ícaro Sena Almeida","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210124","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the scientific production about soils within cities in Brazil, the most populous country of Latin America, to highlight significant patterns and contributions and point out gaps and future challenges. A more robust literature about urban soils in Brazil started in the 90 ́s decade and has intensified since 2015. Papers are mostly published in Portuguese, majority performed in cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants, many of them located in the Southern and Southeastern regions, and mainly focused on soil characterization, classification, mapping and/or contamination. Important methodological propositions (related to classification and land potential) and morphological, physical and chemical results are published. Urban soils formed from landfills are the most common, but soils developed from irregular zones of waste disposals are also frequent, showing the deficiency of proper waste management in developing countries. Properties such as pH, base saturation, soil organic matter and P amounts tend to be higher in soils marked by the addition of earthy materials and solid waste than in soils developed from the process of cutting, which commonly exposes the acid and deep saprolite of the tropical and subtropical zones. Although the attention on the Brazilian urban soils has grown in the last years, more studies, with a higher variety of morphological and analytical data, still have to be performed to obtain more representative results. Systematization of concepts, terminologies, and methodologies is also necessary, allowing a more complete understanding of the soils. In addition, the incorporation of a classification key of Anthropogenic soils, including urban soils, in the Brazilian official classification system seems urgent. Finally, it is relevant to foment international publications about the Brazilian urban soils, allowing a wider comparison between the produced data and the results obtained worldwide.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69743012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption of the no-tillage system in Paraná State: A (re)view","authors":"E. Possamai, P. C. Conceição, Caroline Amadori, M. Bartz, R. Ralisch, Marcelo Vicensi, Ericson Fagundes Marx","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210104","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of a no-tillage system (NTS), or “Sistema Plantio Direto,” was established in Brazil from the evolution of no-tillage (NT) or “Plantio Direto,” given the edaphoclimatic conditions and the need to promote chemical, physical and biological improvements in cultivated soils. While “Plantio Direto” is a conservationist practice, “Sistema Plantio Direto” presents itself as an agricultural production system based on the simultaneous adoption of minimum soil disturbance, maintenance of permanent soil cover and crop rotation. This study reviews the concepts of “Plantio Direto” and “Sistema Plantio Direto” in the Brazilian literature and uses two case studies in Paraná State to demonstrate the practical implications of these concepts. These two terms and their variations are recurrent themes in Brazilian scientific research and the professional environment, and may occur erroneously, hindering their adoption, results and implications. Regarding the “Sistema Plantio Direto,” we highlight the need to clarify the concepts of its basic practices to parameterize and characterize this process. The definition of crop rotation, for example, requires limits on the number of species along a given time scale, thus enabling their identification. Regarding the case studies, most grain crops conducted in Paraná State did not adopt the “Sistema Plantio Direto,” mainly neglecting the component of crop rotation. Nevertheless, the use of the “no-tillage system participatory quality index” (PQI) tool can contribute to the assessment and monitoring of the quality of the “Sistema Plantio Direto.” However, it requires adjustments to differentiate the “Sistema Plantio Direto” from the “Plantio Direto.”","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69743146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil management practices adopted by farmers and how they perceive conservation agriculture","authors":"T. S. Telles, T. Melo, A. Righetto, E. J. Didoné, G. M. Barbosa","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210151","url":null,"abstract":": In some rural properties of Brazil, soil and water conservation practices are partially or inappropriately implemented, intensifying soil erosion, even in no-tillage (NT) areas. This study aimed to check the farmer’s understanding of conservation agriculture (CA) and assess whether they are using practices appropriate to soil conservation. A basin in the state of Paraná, in Southern Brazil, was selected. Surveys were conducted based on a structured questionnaire and in-person interviews of 234 farmers. Among these farmers, 67 % do not understand CA pillars adequately, and 68 % stated they have been using NT for over 12 years. However, 58 % stated that they carried out some kind of soil preparation. Furthermore, some of the farmers only partially implemented CA, adopting a low level of crop diversification. The main problems pointed out by the farmers to justify simplifying the CA approach were soil compaction, low production of plant biomass and resistance of weeds to herbicides. Most farmers in the study do not have enough knowledge of the pillars of CA. As a result, there is little diversification in crop rotation, and the soil is continually disturbed with chiseling. Furthermore, although most farmers use terracing, they drive sprayers crossing terraces and following the slope, a practice that can impair the capacity of terraces to control surface water runoff. These practices do not contribute to soil and water conservation and endanger the sustainability of agricultural production systems.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69744181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomy researchers and research scholars in Brazil: Gender, scientific age, scientific production and impact, and training of human resources","authors":"J. M. Reichert, E. Couto, Daiane Gonçalves Schir","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20210154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69744299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}