International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS)最新文献

{"title":"Inhibition of Phytophthora palmivora, causal agent of cocoa black pod disease, by using three (3) species of Trichoderma in three (3) cocoa-producing regions inCôte d'Ivoire","authors":"Wilfried Junior Yao, Koutoua Séka, Anthelme Jocelin N’Cho, Jean Claude N’Guessan, Attoumou Lionel Franck Hervé Koffi, Mah Eba, Adoua Sandrine Julie Gnamien, Hortense Atta Diallo","doi":"10.22192/ijarbs.2023.10.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2023.10.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa black pod disease, caused by Phytophthora sp. leads to yield losses. In order to remedy such losses, the use of an antagonistic fungus such as Trichoderma is recommended. This study aims at contributing to cocoa yieldimprovement in Côte d'Ivoire by controlling Phytophthora sp. To this end, healthy cocoa pods, affected by black poddisease and soil from cocoa trees’ rhizosphere were collected. Trichoderma sp. and Phytophthora sp. wererespectively isolated from the soil and from the pods affected by black pod disease. PCR and amplicon sequencinganalyses were used to characterize Phytophthora and Trichoderma species. In vitro and in vivo comparisons werecarried out between Trichoderma sp. and Phytophthora sp. Three species of Trichoderma (T. harzianum, T. asperellum and T. virens) and three morphotypes of Phytophthora palmivora found in the cocoa orchards werecharacterized. Trichoderma species showed antagonistic activity towards Phytophthora palmivora with inhibitionrates ranging from 65 to 87.5% and from 75 to 88.7% on detached pods and on culture medium, respectively. Thesein vitro and in vivo tests showed that these Trichoderma strains have a strong inhibitory action in the presence of Phytophthora palmivora strains, in particular Trichoderma virens (with 87.5% inhibition rate). Keywords: Cocoa, Black pod disease, Phytophthora sp., Trichoderma sp.","PeriodicalId":211739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Biodegradation of Virgin and Weathered Low-density Polyethylene by Proteus andLactobacillus spp.","authors":"Uwakwe Felicia E., Ezejiofor Tobias I.N, Ogbulie Toochukwu, E, Anyalogbu Ernest A.A.","doi":"10.22192/ijarbs.2023.10.07.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2023.10.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental and public health burdens arising from plastic wastes, and the need to develop an eco-friendlystrategy to manage the wastes prompted this research work. In this study, the role of microorganisms in virgin andweathered low-density polyethylene degradation was investigated. Two (2) bacterial species, Lactobacillus andProteus were isolated from a waste dumpsite in Avu, Owerri West LGA, Imo State, Nigeria. Incubation of thepolyethylene sachets with the test isolates was for 60 days, and their ability to degrade polyethylene was evaluated bymicrobial growth measurement (OD600), changes in the functional groups of the polyethylene (FTIR) and weight lossanalysis. Results revealed the presence of gas bubbles and turbidity of the microbial inoculated culture media. Optical density measurement showed progressive and gradual increase in absorbance, with Lactobacillus sp. recording higher concentrations in both virgin (0.115 – 0.550) and weathered (0.116 – 0.790) polyethylene cultures than Proteus sp. (0.122 – 0.451) and (0.114 – 0.710). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of additional carbonyl, hydroxyl and methylene functional groups in the polyethylene sachets treated with the test isolates (Lactobacillus sp: virgin PE – 10 peaks, weathered PE – 13 peaks; Proteus sp: virgin PE- 7 peaks, weatheredPE – 10 peaks) as against the control (virgin PE – 8 peaks and weathered – 7 peaks). Similarly, weight loss analysesalso revealed higher percentage weight loss in weathered PE than virgin PE, with Lactobacillus sp also recording greater percentages (44% and 32%) than Proteus sp (28% and 22%). These observations were indications of microbial metabolic activities, and the degradation and utilization of the polyethylene by the test organisms as solesource of carbon and energy. It was concluded that Lactobacillus sp. and Proteus sp. have the ability to degradepolyethylene, with Lactobacillus sp. displaying a higher capability, and that weathered polyethylene is moresusceptible to microbial attack than virgin. Keywords: polyethylene, Lactobacillus sp., Proteus sp. biodegradation, microbial isolates","PeriodicalId":211739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135399113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delineating species boundary through DNA barcodes ofsome fishes inhabiting river Murti in the foothills of Darjeeling Himalayas","authors":"Adwitiya Chaudhuri","doi":"10.22192/ijarbs.2022.09.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2022.09.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to establish a global bioidentification system in the form of a reference sequencelibrary where fish species inhabiting river Murti were delineated by a particular sequence denoted as genetic‘barcode’.40 species representing 27 genera, 16 families and 5 orders were collected along different altitudinal gradients if river Murti. Mitochondrial DNA was isolated from the samples followed by amplification of COI gene, alignment by CLUSTAL W and submission to GenBank. The average nucleotide frequencies were calculated whereall the fishes showed relatively higher GC content at second codon position. Haplotypes showed gradually decreasinggenetic distance within orders, families, genera with very low genetic distance within species indicating markedgenetic divergence beyond species boundaries. The average transitional pairs were found more frequent than averagetransversional pairs. The Neighbour Joining tree revealed distinct clusters formed by members of order Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes, Synbranchiformes and Beloniformes, where the conspecific individualswere always found to cluster under the same node supported by high bootstrap value, while dissimilar species wereclustered under separate nodes, ensuring unambiguous identification of species. The research work suggests that COI barcoding can be taken up as a sensible approach to eliminate obscurity in the identification of the fish fauna withapplications in its management and conservation of the species inhabiting in specific microhabitats. Keywords: COI gene, DNA Barcode, sequence library, unambiguous identification, conservation.","PeriodicalId":211739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122687575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles derived fromSolanum nigrum leaf extract","authors":"M. Rashmi Sulthana, Dr. M. Shenbagam Madhavan","doi":"10.22192/ijarbs.2022.09.08.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2022.09.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"In order to create iron nanoparticles, extract from Solanum nigrum was used. By using UV/Vis absorptionspectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and SEM examination, the produced iron nanoparticles were identified. Iron oxide nanoparticles exhibit a distinctive absorption peak in the UV/Vis spectrum between 200 and 300 nm. Theaverage particle size of magnetite nanoparticles, as determined by the X-ray diffraction method, was found to be 24.1nm. By using the well diffusion method, it was discovered that the synthetic iron nanoparticles have antibacterial action against harmful bacteria such Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiellapneumoniae. This biosynthetic method has been discovered to be economical, environmentally benign, and promisingfor use in a variety of fields. Keywords: Iron nanoparticles, Solanum nigrum, antibacterial activity","PeriodicalId":211739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113935368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Abuse of Tramadol Induces Traumatic PulmonaryHistopathological Lesions in Rats – An Ultrastructural &Immunocytochemical Exploration","authors":"G. El-Sherif, H.K. Abdel-Zaher","doi":"10.22192/ijarbs.2022.09.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2022.09.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":211739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127215853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Promising Sunflower Hybrids against Whitefly, Jassid and Capitulum borer","authors":"Muhammad Kamil Malik, Muhammad Zubai, Sikander Ali, K. Hanif, Huma Qamar, Sidra Iqbal, Muhammad Amin Zahid, M. Aftab, Waqas ul Hassan","doi":"10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.12.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan imports edible oil to meet the national demands posing burden on national exchequer. She is trying to grow edible oil crops to overcome this expense. Area under Sunflower cultivation is continuously increasing in Pakistan. But, insect pest infestation is a major concern for the growers. There is a need to develop hybrids which are less susceptible to the insect pests. Present study was conducted to find the most less susceptible Sunflower hybrids. Promising sunflower hybrids were grown and relevant data were recorded. All the hybrids were found moderately resistant to Resistant. This response is subject to the availability of insect population in the field and environment plays an integral role in it. There is dire need to explore the potential further of these hybrids. Keywords: Sunflower, Hybrid, Screening, Whitefly, Jassid, capitulum borer","PeriodicalId":211739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116610207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Different Plant Extracts on Fusarium Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Chillies under Field Condition","authors":"Nouman Malik, A. Habib, Muhammad Kamil Malik, M. Zubair, Sikander Ali, Qamar Anser Tufail Khan, Huma Qamar, K. Hanif, Sidra Iqbal, M. Anwar ul Haq","doi":"10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.12.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is vegetable crop belongs to family Solanaceae. It is an important source of vitamin A and C. In developing countries most of chilli diseases are due to fungal attack and cause severe losses in yield. Fusarium wilt of chilli which is caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. capsici is an important disease of chilli which causes heavy yield losses in Pakistan. Present research was planned to evaluate effect of different concentrations of plant based phyto-extracts against Fusarium wilt on chilli pathogen under natural field condition. In research trails the leave extract of Euclayptus globulus, Cassia fistula, Moringa oleifera, Vachellia nilotica and Azadirachta indica were evaluated in the management of fusarium wilt. These trails were planned under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Three concentrations of above mentioned leaf extracts were used 20%, 30% and 40%. At 40% Eucalyptus, Moringa and Azadiracta gave best results with maximum reduction in Fusarium wilt. While all other extracts results were also satisfactory. So we can use these botanicals as a control for this disease in chilli. Keywords: Capsicum annum, Fusarium wilt, Fusarium oxysporium, Phyto-extracts.","PeriodicalId":211739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114272354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholesterol Biotransformation to produce Cholest-4-ene-3, 6-dione and Cholest-4-en-3-one Employing Organic Solvents:Focus on Burkholderia cepacia","authors":"Richmond Godwin Afful, Zhang Ling, W. Lin, Hailing Yang, Tracy Naa Adoley Addotey","doi":"10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.12.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"Cholesterol biotransformation is a very crucial process industrially, as it guarantees the production of high medically/clinicallyvalued products in fewer uncomplicated steps, compared with the classical or traditional synthesis. The biotransformation of cholesterol also yields a wide range of products that can be useful in many ways, even in the pharmaceutical industries. Theenzymes from the microbes used to facilitate this transformation may have the capacity to be reused. This paper focuses on theuse of B. cepacia to produce two main products; cholest-4-en-3-one and cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione. This paper also centers attentionon the use of organic solvents and gives recommendations for the development of bioreactors to give room for even highly useful but harmful organic solvents to be employed without harmful consequences to the environment or the users. Keywords: Cholest-4-en-3-one, organic solvents, Burkholderia cepacia, Cholesterol transformation, sterols","PeriodicalId":211739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116460667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological, molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) isolates collected in Southern-Benin","authors":"Issaka Souley, Bachabi Louisiane, Naroua Illiassou, Basso Adamou, Souley Mariama Abdoulaye M, Sere Yacouba","doi":"10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.06.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.06.025","url":null,"abstract":"The rice yellow mottle is the best known viral disease of rice in Africa. It causes significant economic losses in farmer’s fields. The serological properties of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) isolates, collected in Southern Benin, were assessed by immunological tests with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (Pabs and MAbs). The isolates CP (Capsid protein) portions, obtained by RT-PCR, were sequenced and their amino-acids sequences were analyzed and used for phylogenetic analysis. Three different RYMV pathogenic groups, including three resistance breaking (RB) isolates (Be20, Be21 and Be27) which over came allele rymv1-5gene, were identified. Two serotypes Ser1/strain S1 and Ser2/ strain S2 were also distinguished. The molecular properties of the isolates CP gene and the phylogenetic characteristics indicated that the Southern Benin RYMV strain is heterogeneous. The strain S1-Benin linked to the West Central African lineage(S1-WCA) is related to strain from Togo and Niger, whereas, the strain S2 Benin is the stumps of the West African lineage (S1-WA) and is related to Mali, Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast RYMV strains. These results reported the virus pathogenicity level and showed the relationships between RYMV strains in all Dahomey gap countries and in West and Central Africa. Keywords: serotypes, RYMV strains, RB isolates and phylogenetic analysis","PeriodicalId":211739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129341102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic diversity and population structure of Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landrace collections","authors":"A. A. Dido, K. Tesfaye, M. Krishna, D. Degefu, B. Singh","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2020.07.12.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2020.07.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"Landraces play a key role in crop breeding by providing beneficial trait for improvement of related crops and their genetic diversity studies are very important for breeding program and identification of parental lines. In this study, 585 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces collected from 13 agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia were evaluated along with 10 cultivars for their phenotypic diversity and population structure in relation to agronomic traits, resistance to major diseases and barley shoot fly. Data on 22 agronomic traits, three major diseases and barley shoot fly resistance-related traits were recorded. Univariate and multivariate approaches such as principal component and cluster analyses were applied to assess the genetic diversity and population structure. The analysis of variance indicated significant genotypic main, accessions x year and accession x environment interaction effects for almost all the traits evaluated. However, the accessions x environment interactions were mainly due to changes in magnitude rather than crossover types of interactions. The diversity analysis indicated that the population was highly structured according to kernel row-type, region (geographic) origin and altitude classes. Since the population is highly structured, appropriate statistical models will be needed when this population is used for association mapping studies. Eight principal components (PCs) in principal component analysis (PCA) accounted for the variation of 83.01%. The most related traits were included in the same PC, implying that results from PCA could give clues as to the relationship among traits. Though variability existed within and among clusters, useful germplasm clustered together. These materials are important sources of germplasm for the improvement of agronomic, disease and insect pest resistance traits. Keywords: Barley, diseases, genetic diversity, landraces, multivariate, shoot fly","PeriodicalId":211739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133074884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}