Koža & obuća最新文献_第2页

Materials for production of protective boots for workers in forestry 林业工人防护靴的生产材料

Koža & obuća Pub Date : 2019-06-12 DOI: 10.34187/ko.68.1.8

Miroslav Mikulčić, S. Kovačević, Z. Skenderi

引用次数: 1

Optimization of energy savings in shoe sole production 鞋底生产节能优化

Koža & obuća Pub Date : 2019-06-12 DOI: 10.34187/KO.68.1.7

Ivana Špelić, A. Mihelić-Bogdanić, R. Budin

{"title":"Optimization of energy savings in shoe sole production","authors":"Ivana Špelić, A. Mihelić-Bogdanić, R. Budin","doi":"10.34187/KO.68.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34187/KO.68.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1970’s, the most popular shoe soles are (EVA) soles, made from Ethylene Vinyl Acetate, copolymer consisting of ethylene and vinyl acetate. The thermosets and elastomers (rubbers), among them accounting EVA, encompasses around 30% of the tonnage of all synthetic polymers produced, with the synthetic rubbers exceeding the tonnage of natural rubber. With that in mind, the energy savings in rubber processing plants are of great importance and the paper analyses the potential of energy savings in shoe soles production process made of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA). The shoe soles made from EVA are lightweight, easy to mould, water and moisture resistant, highly elastic, shock absorbent, great thermal insulators, highly durable, etc. The energy savings using the process return condensate in shoe sole production process are presented. Using the return condensate results in lower make up water consumption, substantial fuel savings needed to produce steam\u2029and lower chemical consumption. Returning hot process condensate to the boiler results in oil savings of 14,9%. Also, the thermal pollution is reduced by 95,3%, while the volume of the flue gases is lowered from 17,11 m3FG/kgNEC to 14,57 m3FG/kgNEC or by 14,8%. Such a system enables both the oil savings and reduces the thermal pollution. The comparison of process with and without flue gases heat recovery shows fuel savings of 18,76%, while the temperature reduces from 221°C to 137,39°C and while the volume of the flue gases is lowered to 13,90 m3FG/ kgP.","PeriodicalId":211682,"journal":{"name":"Koža & obuća","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124327988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Influence of orientation on mechanical properties in fused deposition modelling 取向对熔融沉积模型力学性能的影响

Koža & obuća Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34187/ko.68.4.1

Suzana Kutnjak-Mravlinčić, A. Pilipović, D. Godec

{"title":"Influence of orientation on mechanical properties in fused deposition modelling","authors":"Suzana Kutnjak-Mravlinčić, A. Pilipović, D. Godec","doi":"10.34187/ko.68.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34187/ko.68.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the footwear industry, increasing attention is paid to design-shaped heels. But that design involves production of the complicated geometry, personalised heels (i.g. small series), light weight heels and if possible cheap production. Technology that enables and combines that is additive manufacturing (AM). One of AM low budget technology and machine is fused deposition modeling (FDM). In FDM, product is built layer by layer and with different types and density of inside mesh structures which enables complex geometry and low mass. When walking, the heel is loaded from above with compression force of the person's weight, while lateral, heel is loaded with flexural force and impact. Considering the design of the heel itself, it is necessary to orientate the product correctly in the working space of the machine. Orientation further raises the question of mechanical properties on such produced heel. In this paper it is tested flexural properties of two different orientation considering production of the actual heel. Furthermore, the analysis of the processing parameters (layer thickness, infill density and temperature) have been done to determine their influence on the flexural properties in these two orientations.","PeriodicalId":211682,"journal":{"name":"Koža & obuća","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125823299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Baropodometrija stopala u odnosu na težinu tijela

Koža & obuća Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34187/ko.68.3.3

Budimir Mijović, Suzana Lencur

{"title":"Baropodometrija stopala u odnosu na težinu tijela","authors":"Budimir Mijović, Suzana Lencur","doi":"10.34187/ko.68.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34187/ko.68.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Baropodometrijom se mjerio tlak stopala na površinu tijekom stajanja. Čovječje stopalo prilikom kontakta s podlogom po kojoj se giba uzrokuje silu reakcije. Pomoću plantografa i pur pjene mjerila se dužina stopala te pritisak i sile koje se javljaju između stopala i površine. Istoimeni uređaj našao je veliku primjenu u erogonomiji prvenstveno kod izrade standardnih uložaka za obuću. U cilju što vjernije izrade ortopedskih uložaka i cipela, stopalo ostavlja otisak sa posebno naglašenim uporišnim točkama. U radu je izvršena usporedba pritiska normalnog i deformirang stopala kod muškaraca i žena u odnosu na težinu njihovih tijela. Analizom je dobiveno da deformirano stopalo proizvodi sveukupno veći tlak plantarnog tkiva od normalnog stopala. To djelomično pojašnjava teškoće i nepravilnosti u hodu s kojima se ljudi svakodnevno susreću. Ovim istraživanjem ispitanicima se mjerila težina, visina te površina stopala kod 10 muškaraca i 10 žena sa zdravim i deformiranim stopalom. Nadalje, mjerilo se sila i tlak koje stopalo proizvede hodajući. Promatrajući uporište točke na koje se stopalo oslanja došlo je do zaključka da osobe sa većom težinom proizvedi veći tlak stopala, stvaraju veću silu na podlogu, neovisno o spolu pojedinca. U nadi da će ovo istraživanje pridonijeti večoj proizvodnji ergonomske obuće da bih smanjili opterećenje stopala jer oni su ipak ˝naši mali nosači velikog tereta˝.","PeriodicalId":211682,"journal":{"name":"Koža & obuća","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128215786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insole customized part 2 鞋垫定制第2部分

Koža & obuća Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34187/ko.68.3.5

Maneesh Kumar Mishra, P. Bruniaux, G. Tartare, C. Campagne

{"title":"Insole customized part 2","authors":"Maneesh Kumar Mishra, P. Bruniaux, G. Tartare, C. Campagne","doi":"10.34187/ko.68.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34187/ko.68.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The needs in the sector of orthopedic insoles are becoming more important. The medical purpose of these plantar prostheses is often to correct the posture or biomechanical imbalance that tends to cause pain in various areas of the body depending on the pathology of the patient. This is due to the progression of people who are increasingly obese or have problems with diabetes or other diseases. But, the cost of its products can vary from one to two or more depending on the quality of the product that requires adaptation by a manual process to the morphology of the foot. Whatever the therapeutic product envisaged, the economic model is no longer adapted to the needs of patients and the budgetary imperatives of social security. A new creative process is needed and must incorporate digital tools to reduce these manufacturing costs while improving the quality of products. This study is the continuity of previous works. The process that was used to detect the anthropometric points of the foot was incorporated into a process of creating customized insoles. By combining the technique that extracts the outline encompassing the footprint, a specific process that uses this outline to create the 2D shape of the insole and the using of 3D shape of the standard shoe-last, we have created the 3D shape of the insole adjusted to foot.","PeriodicalId":211682,"journal":{"name":"Koža & obuća","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127696229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Application of microscale combustion calorimeter to characterize protective properties of bovine leather 微尺度燃烧量热计在测定牛皮革防护性能中的应用

Koža & obuća Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34187/ko.68.4.2

Franka Žuvela Bošnjak, Sandra Flinčec Grgac, Suzana Mihanović

{"title":"Application of microscale combustion calorimeter to characterize protective properties of bovine leather","authors":"Franka Žuvela Bošnjak, Sandra Flinčec Grgac, Suzana Mihanović","doi":"10.34187/ko.68.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34187/ko.68.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The quality and properties of fire resistance are crucial to the selection of leather for the production of protective fire fighting boots, which has a primarily protective role. During fire extinguishing it is exposed to extremely high and low temperatures, chemicals (acids and alkalis), mechanical loads, etc. The properties of fire resistance were tested on two samples of bovine leather (BL1, BL2). Burn resistance test has been carried out in accordance with the requirements of the technical standards for the burn resistance test: HRN EN ISO 15090: 2012, t, 7.3 - Firefighters and rescue services. The mentioned two samples were individually tested according to HRN EN ISO 15025: 2003. The test procedure was carried out by the \"Flame Expansion Testing Method\". Moreover, in this research used Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) Govmark, UK because that was designed for produce the maximum heating rate capability similarly the heating rates in fires and give as a lot of flammability parameters. The analysis of physicochemical properties of samples was performed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The surface morphology of the samples was studied using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The measurement of the above samples on MCC was performed according to ASTM D7309. From the obtained HRR results, it is evident that BL1 sample has a better thermal stability than the BL2 sample.","PeriodicalId":211682,"journal":{"name":"Koža & obuća","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132623707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Sampling Location on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Full Grain Leather 取样位置对全粒革物理力学性能的影响

Koža & obuća Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34187/ko.69.2.1

A. Tomljenović, Juro Živičnjak, Andrijana Barišić, Jadranka Akalović

{"title":"Influence of Sampling Location on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Full Grain Leather","authors":"A. Tomljenović, Juro Živičnjak, Andrijana Barišić, Jadranka Akalović","doi":"10.34187/ko.69.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34187/ko.69.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Full grain leather refers to the strongest and most durable part of the cattle hide, consisting of the grain layer and the part of the underlying corium, and has not been sanded or buffed to remove any imperfections, that means it displays the more natural characteristics of leather. Leather quality changes with sampling location, depending on variation present in the leather fibrous structure. Leather properties were also affected by tanning and finishing processes utilized during production. Full grain leather, instead finishing, sometimes go only through an ironing process for the desired sheen is obtained. Therefore, with the purpose of analysing the influence of the leather processing level, and sampling location on their quality, in this paper, the physical and mechanical properties of differently (synthetic and chromium) tanned finished and non-finished cattle full grain leathers, sampled from the bend, shoulder and belly of side leather cuts were evaluated. Their applicability for footwear uppers were assessed by measuring leather thickness, mass per unit area, apparent density, tensile strength and percentage elongation at break, all according to the standardised test methods.","PeriodicalId":211682,"journal":{"name":"Koža & obuća","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123497096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Natural leather car upholstery – characteristics and sewing challenges 天然皮革汽车内饰-特点和缝纫挑战

Koža & obuća Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34187/ko.68.2.6

B. Rogina-Car, S. Kovačević

{"title":"Natural leather car upholstery – characteristics and sewing challenges","authors":"B. Rogina-Car, S. Kovačević","doi":"10.34187/ko.68.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34187/ko.68.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives an overview of materials and specifics in production of upholstery for vehicles. Special attention has been paid to natural leather as one of the most luxurious materials for the manufacture of car interior upholstery materials. Its properties, advantages and disadvantages are compared with textile materials. The quality of suitable seams is one of the most challenging tasks in making upholstery. In this paper, special emphasis is placed on cutting and sewing natural leather used for making car interior upholstery. Natural leather is a specific natural material that gives a touch of luxury to car seats and interiors. Durability, high price and lower market offer of leather lead to its restricted use for car upholstery compared to textile materials; however, these reasons in particular make it extremely desirable at the same time. According to previous research, cutting and sewing of leather car upholstery require greater attention also when choosing the appropriate leather, sewing machine, thread, needle and seam type, which will give satisfactory properties of the car upholstery in all segments. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to professional knowledge and specifics related to natural leather, its use for car seats and the proper quality of the sewn seam.","PeriodicalId":211682,"journal":{"name":"Koža & obuća","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129998185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leather used in Furniture Upholstery 用于家具装潢的皮革

Koža & obuća Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34187/ko.69.2.2

S. Omer

引用次数: 0

Otpor prolazu topline kratkih čarapa iz viskoznih pređa

Koža & obuća Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34187/KO.2019.3.32

B. Rogina-Car, Z. Skenderi, Z. Vrljičak

引用次数: 0