GeographyRN: Transportation Geography (Sub-Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Improved Transportation Infrastructure Facilitates Adaptation to Pollution and Temperature Extremes","authors":"P. Barwick, D. Donaldson, Shanjun Li, Yatang Lin, D. Rao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3814060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3814060","url":null,"abstract":"The social costs of pollution and climate change hinge critically on humans’ ability to adapt. Based on transaction records from the world’s largest payment network, this research compiles daily travel flows and documents that China's rapid expansion of high-speed railways (HSR) facilitates the use of intercity travel as an effective adaptation strategy. Access to HSR reduces travelers' exposure to extreme air pollution and temperature by 7% and 10%, leading to substantial health benefits. These reductions are attributed to both contemporaneous responses to unexpected adverse conditions and also longer-horizon changes in travel patterns.","PeriodicalId":211582,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Transportation Geography (Sub-Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128980457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"US-China Tensions and Talent Mobility: Evidence from Air Traffic Data","authors":"Z. Wang, Li Tang, C. Cao, Zhuo Zhou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3739306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3739306","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a quantification of the impact of the recent US-China political tensions on talent flows from China to the US through the lens of monthly air passenger traffic data. By exploring variations across origin countries and geographical locations of US airports as well as differences over time, we find that the tensions, which escalated since 2018, have led to a more than 10% drop annually in the number of trips made from China to US airports near universities with a significant presence of Chinese students. A further investigation reveals that the decline in passenger inflows is driven mainly by the loss of passenger arrivals in August -- the peak time for international student travels to the US -- and is consistently steeper than the decrease for airports near tourist destinations during the same period. These findings offer fresh and updated evidence on the detrimental impact a hostile political climate could have on international talent mobility between two major economic and scientific powers, which is only part of all possible losses to both sides.","PeriodicalId":211582,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Transportation Geography (Sub-Topic)","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117078907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions of Public Paratransit and Vocational Rehabilitation","authors":"Christopher M. Clapp, Steven Stern, D. Yu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3114955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3114955","url":null,"abstract":"Federal and state governments spend over $3 billion annually on public-sector Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) programs, yet almost a third of people with disabilities report having inadequate access to the transportation necessary to commute to a job, potentially negating the positive e¤ects of these interventions. We examine this previously understudied connection by assessing the impact access to public paratransit has on measures of VR program e¤ectiveness. To do so, we use the data and estimates from three previously estimated structural models of VR service receipt and labor market outcomes that contain limited information about mobility. We spatially link the generalized residuals from these models to di¤erent measures of the availability and effciency of local paratransit systems to determine whether paratransit explains any of the residual variation in the short- or long-run labor market outcomes of individuals receiving VR services. Results show that access to paratransit is an important determinant of the e¢ cacy of VR services, but that effects are heterogeneous across disability groups. We discuss the policy implications of our findings for VR programs.","PeriodicalId":211582,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Transportation Geography (Sub-Topic)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127952239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vehicle Protection From Drunken Driver","authors":"Sritama Ghosh, Tanoy Pandit, Indranath Sarkar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3503786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3503786","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a prototype circuit board has been proposed to prevent drunken person from driving a vehicle. Alcohol sensor interfaced with microcontroller ATMEGA32 in the preparation of prototype board. DC motor section interfaced through a motor driver unit L293D for on-off control. 16X2 LCD module interfaced to display the working status of the prototype module. Two LED interfaced to identify the alcohol sense and idle states of operation. This prototype has been planned for installation in the vehicle and powered by vehicle internal battery. Thus power to the prototype shall be uninterrupted to identify the entry of a drunken person into the vehicle, during journey and before leaving the vehicle. Simulated results show satisfactory outcome before realization.","PeriodicalId":211582,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Transportation Geography (Sub-Topic)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114329087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Online Platform Economy in 27 Metro Areas: The Experience of Drivers and Lessors","authors":"Diana Farrell, Fiona Greig, Amar Hamoudi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3391549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3391549","url":null,"abstract":"A significant and growing fraction of families generate income through the Online Platform Economy. In previous JPMorgan Chase Institute research we leveraged administrative banking records to track supply-side participation and revenues in the Online Platform Economy, and observed strong secular trends in the transportation and leasing sectors between 2013 and 2018. In this follow-up research, we use geographic and temporal variation to explore these dynamics in more detail, in order to get a better understanding of the viability of the transportation and leasing sectors of the Online Platform Economy as a potential source of income for participant families. We explore variation in characteristics of the Online Platform Economy over five years across 27 metropolitan areas. Our findings are fivefold. First, there is significant variation across metropolitan areas in terms of participation rates, average monthly revenues, and levels of engagement in the leasing and transportation sectors of the Online Platform Economy. Participation and revenues are positively correlated but there are telling exceptions to that pattern. Second, metropolitan areas with larger incumbent industries as the Online Platform Economy emerged ended up with higher participation and higher average revenues in the corresponding platform sectors. Third, in almost every metro area, average monthly revenue declined for drivers and rose for lessors between 2013 and 2018, fully accounting for the secular trends in driver and lessor revenues, even as participation shares shifted across metro areas. Fourth, in both sectors but especially in transportation, participation tends to increase the most in the months and places where average revenues are increasing the most. Fifth, at least 45 percent–and likely more–of the decline in average monthly driver revenues was accounted for by drivers participating more occasionally within the month. In the leasing sector, more frequent participation accounted for more than half of the rise in revenues. Taken together, our results suggest that there is still room for supply-side growth in both the transportation and leasing sectors of the Online Platform Economy. In metro areas with large potential markets for transportation and leasing services, these sectors of the Online Platform Economy are robust alternatives for families looking to generate income, though the opportunities they present are almost certainly changing as the Online Platform Economy matures.","PeriodicalId":211582,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Transportation Geography (Sub-Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129170821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust, Investment and Competition: Theory and Evidence from German Car Manufacturers","authors":"G. Calzolari, L. Felli, Johannes Koenen, G. Spagnolo, K. Stahl","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3422263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3422263","url":null,"abstract":"Based on data from a comprehensive benchmarking study on buyer-supplier relationships in the German automotive industry, we show that more trust in a relationship is associated with higher idiosyncratic investment by suppliers and better part quality|but also with more competition among suppliers. Both associations hold only for parts involving comparatively unsophisticated technology, and disappear for parts involving sophisticated technology. We rationalize all these observations by means of a relational contracting model of repeated procurement with non-contractible, buyer-specific investments. In relationships involving higher trust, buyers are able to induce higher investment and more intense competition among suppliers|but only when the buyer has the bargaining power. This ability disappears when the bargaining power resides with the supplier(s).","PeriodicalId":211582,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Transportation Geography (Sub-Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114392591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Social Cost of Congestion Using the Bottleneck Model","authors":"Jinwon Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3356167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3356167","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper uses the bottleneck model of Vickrey (1969) to empirically measure the social cost of traffic congestion in the US. Using a detailed trip-level data, we estimate extra travel time over and above hypothetical free-flow travel time, which we call “queuing time”, for each average commute trip. The estimated individual queuing time implies that the annual cost of congestion borne by all US commuters is about 29 billion dollars. We find that a higher level of congestion in a city may be attributed to a smaller per capita road stock in the city. This paper also empirically quantifies a toll that depends both on the commuter's arrival time and trip distance.","PeriodicalId":211582,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Transportation Geography (Sub-Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133437095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accounting for Non‐Economic Factors in Demand for Transportation Fuels: A Comparative Study of South Korea and Indonesia","authors":"S. Saad, D. Dahoro, M. N. Ahmed","doi":"10.1111/opec.12140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opec.12140","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates the importance of capturing the influence of non‐economic factors such as changes in economic structure and life style in estimating energy demand functions for transportation fuels. Using annual time series data for South Korea and Indonesia from 1971 to 2016 in an Unrestricted Error Correction Model, the paper estimates the energy demand functions for transportation fuels as well as the growth of the underlying demand trend (which captured the effects of non‐economic factors). The estimated elasticities are in the range of 1.103 to 1.82 for long‐run income elasticity and −0.024 to 0.009 for price elasticity in the long‐run. However, the estimated coefficient of the linear trend variable ranged from −0.36 to 0.009. The overall result suggests that demand for transportation fuels are more elastic to changes in real income than real prices in the long run. The relative magnitude and sign on the coefficient of the trend variables (both linear and stochastic) suggest that South Korea is more efficient in transport sector energy consumption than Indonesia, on the other hand, Non‐technical exogenous factors (such as motorisation and traffic congestion) tend to outweigh energy efficiency improvements in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":211582,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Transportation Geography (Sub-Topic)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129560956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transportation Accessibility Benefit and the Dynamic Pattern of Real Estate Prices: Emerging Literature","authors":"A. Aliyu, O. Kemiki, M. Bello","doi":"10.22178/POS.40-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22178/POS.40-5","url":null,"abstract":"Location preference is a repeatedly debated subject in urban land economics. By and large, these deliberations are either empirical or theoretical in nature. A sizeable number of the previous studies tackle the question of most favorable location provisional on a certain set of constrictions. Moreover, other studies are dedicated to elucidating the nature (worth) of a real property at a particular location. Nevertheless, the problem of ascertaining the indicators that influence real property price is general to both sets of studies. The current body of knowledge on the impact of transportation infrastructure on real estate prices is diverse in its outcome and result with particular reference to degree or extent of impact as well as bearing, ranging from a negative to an unimportant or a positive effect. On the literature results, multiple spatial lag variables were found to be statistically significant signifying that a number of features or attributes of adjoining residential accommodations have significant influence on the subject residential property's value. Whereas the largest part of earlier hedonic price empirical studies considered only selected factors (such as, positive as well as negative impacts of single transportation mode or means, positive or else negative impacts of multiple transportation modes) into account, the majority of recent empirical studies, however, considered all these key determinants, factors and indicators into consideration for analyzing joint impacts of transportation facility. Through considerable strategy, policy in addition to planning or forecasting implications underlying the association between transit oriented developments and real estate values and the difference between previous studies’ outcomes and results, there is a strong necessity and requirement for further study and analysis to ascertain an advanced, reliable in addition to dependable level of conclusiveness.","PeriodicalId":211582,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Transportation Geography (Sub-Topic)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122788876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Dioxide Capture for Geological Sequestration - The Issues and Decision Parameters for T&T's Petrochemical and Power Generation CO2 Sources","authors":"Donnie Boodlal, D. Alexander, Dillon Ramsook, E. John, R. Maharaj","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3365592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3365592","url":null,"abstract":"Since there is a growing emphasis on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) sequestration as a carbon management strategy coupled with the acceptance that geological sequestration is perhaps one of the most promising carbon management techniques, the need to capture CO2 at sources in a cost effective and safe manner is gaining widespread attention. This is justified as CO2 capture is often one of the more expensive components of any geological sequestration capture, transportation and storage chain. As such, much emphasis is currently being placed in the advancement of processes such as increasing capture efficiency and reducing capture cost which are demonstrated by the many pilot plants being built worldwide. \u0000 \u0000Carbon capture essentially produces a concentrated stream of CO2 at high pressure, rendering it to be readily transported to appropriate storage sites. Although theoretically the entire gas can be transported using the various transportation modes, the cost associated with doing this often deems this option impractical. Extracting the CO2 in a more concentrated form and elevating it to the required high pressure is therefore an important component of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) chain. \u0000 \u0000For Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), post combustion capture is most desirous as the targeted CO2 sources emanate from existing plants. This is so because physical space at these plants is limited and does not readily allow for precombustion technologies. While oxyfuel combustion may be applicable to some of the existing plants, since the sources being evaluated in this paper are related emissions from Ammonia Synthesis and Power Generation, the concentration of CO2 in these streams is either already high and commensurate with that of oxyfuel carbon capture (as it the case with Ammonia) or the plants cannot be easily retrofitted for oxyfuel capture (as with the Power Generation). Interestingly, most of T&T’s emissions (over 50%) emanate from the petrochemical sector and in particular from Ammonia production processes. There are eleven (11) Ammonia plants in T&T which contributes to the nation being the number one exporter of this commodity globally. During the synthesis of Ammonia, a relatively pure stream of CO2 is produced in the process typically consisting of over 90% CO2 with some mostly water vapour as the other impurity. One can therefore argue that to an extent the CO2 is already captured. Further purification of the CO2 stream via water vapour, oxygen separation and pressurization is all that is needed for engagement in CCS projects. \u0000 \u0000This paper investigates CO2 capture from Ammonia Plants and compares it with CO2 capture from Power Plants in TT Ammonia and Power). These simulations were then used as the primary tool to estimate CO2 capture cost for T&T from Ammonia synthesis and Power Generation. Of particular interest for T&T, this study illustrates an estimate of the costs for capturing up to 8 Mt/yr of CO2. It is expected that this information can be cr","PeriodicalId":211582,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Transportation Geography (Sub-Topic)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133292044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}