Psychopharmacology bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Lithium-Induced Hyperparathyroidism: An Ill-defined Territory.","authors":"Vishwanath Pattan,&nbsp;Balwinder Singh,&nbsp;Sahar S Abdelmoneim,&nbsp;Chaitra Gopinath,&nbsp;Vishnu Sundaresh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lithium is the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder. Studies have shown an association between lithium and hyperparathyroidism. However, there is limited data regarding the management of lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism. We present a clinical conundrum which physicians frequently encounter-an excellent lithium responder refractory to other treatments who developed lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism. Medical treatment with cinacalcet was successful in management of hyperparathyroidism without discontinuing lithium maintenance therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21069,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology bulletin","volume":"51 3","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374931/pdf/PB-51-3-65.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39334098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consistently Modest Antidepressant Effects in Clinical Trials: the Role of Regulatory Requirements.","authors":"Arif Khan,&nbsp;Kaysee Fahl Mar,&nbsp;Walter A Brown","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite being widely heralded following their discovery, the effectiveness and clinical utility of antidepressants has been questioned, in part due to the release of several decades of regulatory trial data. Upon investigation, contemporary regulatory trials of antidepressants have demonstrated a nearly identical effect size (0.3) for the past 40 years, regardless of placebo response or attempts to improve trial design. In this review, we examine the historical methods of antidepressant trials and re-evaluate regulatory trial data over time and according to drug class (SSRIs, SNRIs, and atypicals) with the addition of two classes of antidepressants not previously analyzed: tricyclics used as active comparators and the recently-approved NMDA receptor antagonist, esketamine. We show that among these five classes of antidepressants there were no significant differences between effect sizes or percent symptom reduction. We suggest that within the context of a regulatory trial of antidepressants, effect sizes will remain modest (~0.3) regardless of class or novel drug mechanism, possibly due to regulatory changes to trial design and conduct following the Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962. We comment that the regulatory double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial model is an artificial creation for a narrow purpose-designed to demonstrate simple superiority over placebo and to determine basic safety. We should be cautious of stretching trial results beyond their limited capacity to inform clinical practice as trials are not representative of real-world patients or medication management practices. There is a substantial need to develop more realistic models to evaluate the clinical utility of antidepressants.</p>","PeriodicalId":21069,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology bulletin","volume":"51 3","pages":"79-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374926/pdf/PB-51-3-79.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39334100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Acting Injectables and their Correlation with Subjectivity in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Ivano Caselli,&nbsp;Alessandra Gasparini,&nbsp;Marta Ielmini,&nbsp;Giulia Lucca,&nbsp;Stefano Amorosi,&nbsp;Nicola Poloni,&nbsp;Camilla Callegari","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nowadays, mental illness can no longer be considered as a mere list of symptoms corresponding to localized brain dysfunctions but rather as a disturbance of the patient's subjectivity. Thus, a solid, qualitative study of patients' subjectivity could represent a useful tool in the complex evaluation of efficacy of pharmacotherapy in schizophrenic persons. In this perspective, authors performed a phenomenological oriented investigation on 49 patients, diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, who were receiving long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic therapy. From data analysis, authors found a positive correlation between general psychopathology and the use of LAI antipsychotic therapies. The present study highlighted the necessity of a careful investigation of patients' subjectivity in a phenomenological way as an irreducible part of both psychopathological and psychopharmacological matters.</p>","PeriodicalId":21069,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology bulletin","volume":"51 3","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374925/pdf/PB-51-3-27.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39336196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Insomnia with Zaleplon in HIV+ Significantly Improves Sleep and Depression.","authors":"Jennifer R Goldschmied,&nbsp;Arjun Sengupta,&nbsp;Anup Sharma,&nbsp;Lynne Taylor,&nbsp;Knashawn H Morales,&nbsp;Michael E Thase,&nbsp;Michael E Thase,&nbsp;Aalim Weljie,&nbsp;Matthew S Kayser","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than 50% of individuals who are HIV positive report insomnia, which can reduce HIV treatment adherence, impair quality of life, and contribute to metabolic dysfunction. Major depressive disorder is also highly comorbid in this population, leading to further impairment. There is evidence that treating insomnia may improve not only sleep, but depression and metabolic function, as well. The present study aimed to examine the effects of pharmacotherapeutic treatment of insomnia on sleep, depression, and metabolic functioning in individuals with HIV. 20 individuals with asymptomatic seropositive HIV and comorbid insomnia and depression were administered zaleplon for 6 weeks. Insomnia severity was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and depression severity was assessed using the Quick Inventory of Depression, both prior to treatment and 6 weeks post treatment. Metabolomic changes were assessed using a comprehensive platform measuring ~2000 lipid features and polar metabolites. Linear mixed effects models demonstrated that 6 weeks of treatment with zaleplon significantly improved symptoms of both insomnia and depression. Metabolomic analyses also demonstrated that changes in insomnia severity were associated with significant changes in key branched chain amino acid metabolites. Our results show that improvement in insomnia is associated with reduced depressive symptoms and beneficial metabolomic changes. Additionally, changes in key branched chain amino acid metabolites following treatment may serve as useful biomarkers of treatment response.</p>","PeriodicalId":21069,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology bulletin","volume":"51 3","pages":"50-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374930/pdf/PB-51-3-50.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39336198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can a 'Shot' Help Prevent Youth Re-Incarceration? Case Report on Use of a Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic in Incarcerated Youth.","authors":"Arpit Aggarwal,&nbsp;Victoria Lindegaard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21069,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology bulletin","volume":"51 3","pages":"8-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374928/pdf/PB-51-3-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39336194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Religiosity and Guilt in Symptomatology and Outcome of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.","authors":"Kumar Rakesh,&nbsp;Sharma Arvind,&nbsp;Bansal Pir Dutt,&nbsp;Bahetra Mamta,&nbsp;Saini Bhavneesh,&nbsp;Moria Kavita,&nbsp;Kaur Navneet,&nbsp;Gupta Shrutika,&nbsp;Bansal Priyanka,&nbsp;Kumar Arun,&nbsp;Kaur Harkamal,&nbsp;Kaur Jagdeep","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Religiosity and guilt are commonly featured in obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). The role of religiosity and guilt in OCD has been frequently studied in the literature and suggested that greater religiosity/spirituality, paranormal beliefs, and magical ideation have often been associated with enhanced obsessive-compulsive behavior. India being a multi-religious country, it is particularly notable that a research was required to assess the role of religiosity and guilt in symptomatology and outcome in OCD, a condition in which religious themes are often present. It has also been documented that the fear of guilt for doing something irresponsibly may lead to OCD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to seek the role of religiosity and guilt in symptomatology and outcome of OCD. This study also aimed to assess the pattern of symptomatology of patients with OCD and the relation between religiosity and guilt.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This was a single-centered, prospective study for one year with six months follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>Fifty OCD subjects of either gender, aged between 18 years and 45 years were included in this study and were assessed using Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Belief into Action Scale, and The Guilt Inventory instruments for the measurement of OCD severity, religiosity, and guilt, respectively. All the recorded data were analyzed using IBM^® SPSS^® version 20.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, OCD severity was positively correlated with religiosity and guilt, while after 6-month follow-up, OCD severity was negatively correlated with religiosity and positively correlated with guilt.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Religiosity and guilt have significant effect on the symptomatology and outcome of OCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21069,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology bulletin","volume":"51 3","pages":"38-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374933/pdf/PB-51-3-38.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39336197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Struggling to find Effective Pharmacologic Options for Akathisia? B-CALM!","authors":"Srinagesh Mannekote Thippaiah,&nbsp;Rachel E Fargason,&nbsp;Badari Birur","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Akathisia is a movement disorder affecting the trunk and limbs, characterized by subjective and objective restlessness. Key signs include continual, repetitive rocking, leg shuffling, and fidgeting. Antipsychotic-induced akathisia is optimally managed by reducing the medication dose or switching to a second generation antipsychotic that is less prone to inducing akathisia. However, since medication changes are often not feasible, we review the available classes of rescue agents for akathisia symptoms. The fitting acronym, \"B-CALM\", which stands for Beta-blockers, Clonazepam, Anticholinergics, cLonidine and Mirtazapine, will assist prescribers in facile recall of evidence-based treatment options for akathisia. Pharmacological agents such as mianserin, trazodone, Vit B6, amantadine, gabapentin, and pregabalin have also been examined as treatment options for antipsychotic-induced akathisia. Although initial exploratory reports on these agents have been promising, the current evidence is insufficient. Akathisia has a good prognosis when managed early in the course of treatment. A variety of safe rescue agents are available for the management of this condition, however, current evidence best supports the use of propranolol and mirtazapine.</p>","PeriodicalId":21069,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology bulletin","volume":"51 3","pages":"72-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374932/pdf/PB-51-3-72.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39334099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MDMA to Treat PTSD in Adults.","authors":"Dustin Latimer,&nbsp;Michael D Stocker,&nbsp;Kia Sayers,&nbsp;Jackson Green,&nbsp;Adam M Kaye,&nbsp;Alaa Abd-Elsayed,&nbsp;Elyse M Cornett,&nbsp;Alan D Kaye,&nbsp;Giustino Varrassi,&nbsp;Omar Viswanath,&nbsp;Ivan Urits","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become one of the most common psychiatric diagnosis in the United States specifically within the veteran population. The current treatment options for this debilitating diagnosis include trauma-focused psychotherapies along with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI).¹ MDMA has recently been shown as a novel therapeutic agent with promisingly results in the treatment of PTSD. MDMA is a psychoactive compound traditionally categorized as a psychedelic amphetamine that deemed a Schedule I controlled substance in the 1980s. Prior to its status as a controlled substance, it was used by psychotherapists for an array of psychiatric issues. In more recent times, MDMA has resurfaced as a potential therapy for PTSD and the data produced from randomized, controlled trials back the desire for MDMA to be utilized as an effective pharmacologic therapy in conjunction with psychotherapy.².</p>","PeriodicalId":21069,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology bulletin","volume":"51 3","pages":"125-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374929/pdf/PB-51-3-125.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39334103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing an IV Ketamine Clinic for Treatment-Resistant Depression: a Primer.","authors":"Sagar V Parikh,&nbsp;Daniela Lopez,&nbsp;Jennifer L Vande Voort,&nbsp;Jose Rico,&nbsp;Eric Achtyes,&nbsp;William Coryell,&nbsp;Andrew Goddard,&nbsp;Fernando Goes,&nbsp;John F Greden,&nbsp;Balwinder Singh,&nbsp;Adam Kaplin,&nbsp;Mark A Frye,&nbsp;Daniel Maixner,&nbsp;Brendon Watson,&nbsp;Karina Drake,&nbsp;Vijay Tarnal,&nbsp;Patricio Riva-Posse,&nbsp;William V Bobo,&nbsp;Bio-K Study Team","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The efficacy of subanesthetic intravenous ketamine for treatment resistant depression (TRD) has spurred a growth of clinics nationwide that provide this service. Ketamine is an FDA-approved drug as an anesthetic but remains unapproved for psychiatric indications, and this status raises a number of short- and long-term safety and efficacy concerns that need to be addressed when implementing and developing this type of clinic. Using a framework of systems, provider, and patient domains, we provide a review of the key challenges in providing ketamine infusions and suggest potential approaches. Under systems issues, we highlight broad stakeholder engagement involving cross-departmental and multidisciplinary considerations, business case development, and delineation of administrative standard operating procedures. In the provider domain, we highlight specific roles for different treatment team members as well as suggested training requirements. In the patient domain, we identify a variety of standard operating procedures involving initial patient assessment parameters, ketamine dosing and administration guidelines, and safety monitoring procedures. Together, this review provides key considerations for developing a ketamine clinic for depression, in an effort to meet the pressing demand for this novel treatment option while helping to ensure its safe implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21069,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology bulletin","volume":"51 3","pages":"109-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374924/pdf/PB-51-3-109.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39334101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD and Drug Holidays: Effects on Anthropometric Changes during Methylpenidate Treatment.","authors":"Serkan Turan,&nbsp;Çağatay Ermiş,&nbsp;Victor Pereira-Sanchez,&nbsp;Mustafa Tunctürk,&nbsp;Aynur Akay Pekcanlar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study evaluated the long-term effects of methylphenidate (MPH) discontinuation on growth parameters in Turkish children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><strong>Experimental design: </strong>432 children and adolescents (aged 6-18 years) with ADHD receiving MPH for at least 1 year between March 2012 and January 2019 were included in a retrospective cohort study. We analyzed weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation z scores (SDS) of groups that either did (ADHD-C) or did not (ADHD-DC) discontinue MPH. Growth parameters were converted to z scores as normative values for the Turkish population to compare the measurements at baseline and the last follow-up visit by using the paired sample t-test.</p><p><strong>Principal observations: </strong>In patients from the ADHD-C group, statistically significant negative correlations were found between age at starting MPH and differences in weight and height SDS between baseline and follow-up. Children had a greater reduction in weight and height compared to adolescents. When we evaluated the differences in pre-and post-treatment growth factors, we found no significant differences between the groups in terms of growth parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data showed that chronic use of MPH was likely responsible for changes in height and weight parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":21069,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology bulletin","volume":"51 3","pages":"10-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374927/pdf/PB-51-3-10.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39336195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}