Prime Archives in Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Evolution of Char Structure During In-Situ Biomass Tar Reforming: Importance of the Coupling Effect Among the Physical-Chemical Structure of Char-Based Catalysts","authors":"Yu Zhang, D. Feng, Yijun Zhao, Heming Dong, Guozhang Chang, C. Quan, Shaozeng Sun, Yukun Qin","doi":"10.3390/catal9090711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090711","url":null,"abstract":"In order to illustrate the importance of a coupling effect in the physical-chemical structure of char-based catalysts on in-situ biomass tar reforming, three typical char-based catalysts (graphite, Zhundong coal char, and sawdust biochar) were studied in the fixed-bed/fluidized-bed reactor. The physical-chemical properties of carbon-based catalysts associated with their catalytic abilities were characterized by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and N2 adsorption. The relationship between the specific reactivity and tar reforming ability of carbon-based catalysts was discussed through a micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer (MFBRA–MR). The results indicate that the char-based catalyst has a certain removal ability for in-situ biomass tar of corn straw in an inert atmosphere, which is as follows: sawdust biochar > Zhundong (ZD) coal char > graphite. During the in-situ tar reforming, the alkali and alkaline earth metal species (AAEMs) act as adsorption/reaction sites, affecting the evolution of the aromatic ring structure and oxygen-containing functional groups of the char-based catalyst, and also its pore structure. AAEM species on the surface of char-based catalysts are the active sites for tar reforming, which promotes the increase of active intermediates (C-O bond and C-O-AAEMs), and enhances the interactions between char-based catalysts and biomass tar. The abundant AAEMs may lead to the conversion of O=C–O and C=O to C–O. For tar reforming, the internal pore structure of char-based catalysts is little changed, mainly with the carbon deposit forming on the surface pore structure. The carbon deposit from the reformation of straw tar on the char surface has better reactivity than the inherent carbon structure of ZD coal char and sawdust biochar. There is a positive relationship between the MFBRA–MR specific reactivity and tar catalytic reforming ability of char-based catalysts (decided by the coupling effect in their physical-chemical structure), which can be used to determine the catalytic ability of char-based catalysts on tar reforming directly.","PeriodicalId":209884,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115096841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiology of Philematology and Some Infectious Disease","authors":"H. K. Agyeman, J. Owusu-Banahene, B. Agyeman, E. Darko, D. Agyeman, C. Afful, F. Akuffo, K. Bonsu, S. Inkoom, E. T. Glover, D. Charles, Wilheliaina Korletey","doi":"10.4236/ABC.2019.94011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABC.2019.94011","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific studying of kissing is known as Philematology. This \u0000originates from the Greek word PHILOS in the ancient days meaning earthly. The \u0000study of kissing shows you what kissing means and its place \u0000in various cultures. (Lana Citron 2010, a Compendium of Kisses), and the difference between Simple Kiss versus Passionate kiss. In simple \u0000kisses only 2 muscles are involved. While in passionate kisses there may be \u0000about 23 - 34 facial muscles and 112 postural muscles involved. What you can tell from even the simplest of kisses. From the book I \u0000Love You. Now What? During kissing, a lot of chemical reactions take place in the \u0000brain and the body as a whole. The part of the brain in which these chemicals \u0000are secreted is the pituitary gland, where oxytocin, serotonin and dopamine are \u0000secreted. The oxytocin which is also sometimes referred to as the cuddle \u0000hormone or the love hormone aids in social bonding. It is produced in the \u0000hypothalamus and secreted into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary \u0000gland. Oxytocin is released when the cells are excited. Oxytocin can also be \u0000referred to aid carbetocin, manufactured version, Pitocin, \u0000alpha-hypophamine and syntocinon. It is a team player in social behaviour and \u0000mother-infant bonding. The serotonin which is also \u0000known as a “happy hormone” is an important chemical and a neurotransmitter in \u0000the human body serves as a hormonal modulator that is serotonin aids regulating \u0000an individual kissing pattern, sleeping pattern, aggressive pattern, appetite \u0000and digestion pattern, memory and mood pattern and sexual pattern. Finally, the \u0000dopamine which is also known as a “happy hormone” is a monoamine \u0000neurotransmitter which belongs to the catecholamine family that is made up of \u0000epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. This dopamine helps an individual to \u0000enjoy the act of kissing.","PeriodicalId":209884,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Chemistry","volume":"760 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122991681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabinoids and Terpenes as Chemotaxonomic markers in Cannabis","authors":"Sytze Elzinga, Justin Fischedick, Richard Podkolinski, Jeffrey C Raber","doi":"10.4172/2329-6836.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present principal component analysis (PCA) results from a dataset containing 494 cannabis flower samples and 170 concentrate samples analyzed for 31 compounds. A continuum of chemical composition amongst cannabis strains was found instead of distinct chemotypes. Our data shows that some strains are much more reproducible in chemical composition than others. Strains labeled as indica were compared with those labeled as sativa and no evidence was found that these two cultivars are distinctly different chemotypes. PCA of “OG” and “Kush” type strains found that “OG” strains have relatively higher levels of α-terpineol, fenchol, limonene, camphene, terpinolene and linalool where “Kush” samples are characterized mainly by the compounds trans-ocimene, guaiol, β-eudesmol, myrcene and α-pinene. The composition of concentrates and flowers were compared as well. Although the absolute concentration of compounds in concentrates is much higher, the relative composition of compounds between flowers and concentrates is similar.","PeriodicalId":209884,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132703568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Grafted Hydroquinone on the Acid-Base Properties of Poly(acrylic acid) in the Presence of Copper (II)","authors":"Nabila Bensacia, S. Moulay, F. Garin, I. Fechete, A. Boos","doi":"10.1155/2015/913987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/913987","url":null,"abstract":"Potentiometric titration of poly(acrylic acid) and hydroquinone-functionalized poly(acrylic acid) was conducted in the presence of copper (II). The effects of hydroquinone functionalizing and copper (II) complexing on the potentiometric titration of poly(acrylic acid) were studied in an ionic environment and in its absence. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation was applied to assess its validity for this titration. Coordination number and the stability constants of the copper- (II-)complexed polymers were determined, and results showed the formation of mostly monodentate and bidentate copper- (II-)polymer complexes.","PeriodicalId":209884,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Chemistry","volume":"14 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128375825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Electronegativity on Structural, Spectrophotometric and Thermo-Chemical Properties of Fluorine and Chlorine Substituted Isoxazoles by DFT Method","authors":"Nilesh U Jadhao, Anil B Naik","doi":"10.37247/pac.1.2020.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37247/pac.1.2020.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":209884,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Chemistry","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127715874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Thermal Treatment of Clayey Diatomite at Temperature Range 800-1200°C","authors":"Arianit A. Reka, B. Pavlovski, Egzon Ademi, Ahmed Jashari, B. Boev, I. Boev, P. Makreski","doi":"10.37247/pac.1.2020.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37247/pac.1.2020.18","url":null,"abstract":"Trepel is the local name for a mixture of diatomaceous earth and clay minerals. It represents a greyish, soft, very light, weakly cemented, fine biogenetic sedimentary rock. The studied material is taken from the vicinity of Bitola city (Republic of Macedonia). Here, clayey diatomite was treated up to three temperature intervals (800, 1000 and 1200 o C) for a period of 1 hour. The X-ray powder diffraction results indicate the presence of both an amorphous phase and the following crystalline phases: quartz, feldspars (plagioclase), mica (muscovite) and chlorites. The results of SEM analysis revealed skeletons of alga Diatomeae with nano-pores. By thermal treatment of the samples, a gradual change in color as well as higher bulk density and compressive strength was observed. The increase of the temperature, in addition, affected the mineralogical composition and increased the presence of the amorphous phase (aluminasilicate glassy phase). SEM results of the thermally investigated samples depicted morphological changes expressed by shrinkage of the pore diameters in comparison to the initial material. The major and minor constituents were established by chemical analysis revealing the following chemical composition of raw clayey diatomite: SiO Al 2 Fe 2 3","PeriodicalId":209884,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129991891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methanol and Triethanolamine Effect as Sacrifice Agents in the Photocatalytic Production of Hydrogen over Zinc Titanates","authors":"J. Pantoja-Espinoza, M. Meléndez-Zaragoza, J. Salinas-Gutiérrez, A. López-Ortiz, V. Collins-Martínez","doi":"10.37247/pachem2ed.2.2021.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37247/pachem2ed.2.2021.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":209884,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115016009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical-Looping Syngas Production by Partial Oxidation of Mixed Iron Oxides and Methane: Thermodynamic Evaluation and Process Simulation","authors":"V. Collins-Martínez, J. F. Cázares-Marroquín, J. Salinas-Gutiérrez, M. Meléndez-Zaragoza, J. Pantoja-Espinoza, A. López‐Ortiz","doi":"10.37247/pachem2ed.2.2021.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37247/pachem2ed.2.2021.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":209884,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Chemistry","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114053263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic Study of Hydrolysis Reactions in Aqueous Solution from Ab Initio Potential and Molecular Dynamics Simulations","authors":"S. Tolosa, A. Hidalgo, J. Sansón","doi":"10.1155/2013/265958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/265958","url":null,"abstract":"A procedure for the theoretical study of chemical reactions in solution by means of molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous solution at infinite dilution is described using ab initio solute-solvent potentials and TIP3P water model to describe the interactions. The procedure is applied to the study of neutral hydrolysis of various molecules (HCONH2, HNCO, HCNHNH2, and HCOOCH3) via concerted and water-assisted mechanisms. We used the solvent as a reaction coordinate and the free energy curves for the calculation of the properties related with the reaction mechanism, namely, reaction and activation energies.","PeriodicalId":209884,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114712273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}