Zhanhui Wang, Wenlong Duan, Mengzhao Long, Aimin Wang, Xiaojun Li
{"title":"Research on Failure Pressure of API 5L X100 Pipeline with Single Defect","authors":"Zhanhui Wang, Wenlong Duan, Mengzhao Long, Aimin Wang, Xiaojun Li","doi":"10.2174/0124055204294716240306065810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124055204294716240306065810","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000With the continuous application of API 5L X100 high-strength\u0000grade steel pipeline and the development trend of increasing pipeline diameter and design\u0000pressure in China's long natural gas and petroleum pipeline, API 5L X100 high-strength\u0000grade steel pipeline steel is bound to become the aorta in long-distance pipeline construction\u0000in the future. Studying the failure pressure of API 5L X100 high-strength grade steel\u0000pipeline has high economic and social benefits\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Exploring the corrosion mechanism of the two single corroded pipeline models\u0000with outer defect and inner defect.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Using ANSYS Workbench 15.0 software to explore the two single corroded piping models with outer defect and inner defect.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Using ANSYS Workbench 15.0 software to explore the two single corroded\u0000pipeline models with outer defect and inner defect and the influence of geometric parameters\u0000such as defect depth, defect length, defect width, etc., on the maximum equivalent\u0000stress and failure pressure investigated. Based on the finite element analysis database, the\u0000failure pressures of two single corroded pipeline models were fitted using Matlab software\u0000and the fitting formulas.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the corrosion defect area of the pipeline, stress concentration occurs; Far away\u0000from the corrosion defect area, the stress distribution is uniform. For the pipeline model\u0000with outer defect and inner defect, as the defect depth and length increases, failure pressure\u0000shows a decreasing trend and is almost unaffected by defect width; As the ratio of diameter\u0000to thickness increases, failure pressure shows a decreasing trend; By fitting failure pressure\u0000formula of the pipeline models with outer defect and inner defect, a multivariate fitting\u0000function formula of failure pressure is obtained, with high fitting exactitude.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The conclusion obtained have certain guiding values for the normal and stable\u0000operation of natural gas and petroleum transportation pipelines.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20833,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering)","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi, Norshahiera Khairul Adnan, Siti Fadhilah Ibrahim
{"title":"Photoesterification of Waste Cooking Oil using ZnO Doped Empty\u0000Fruit Bunches Ash Heterogeneous Catalyst","authors":"Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi, Norshahiera Khairul Adnan, Siti Fadhilah Ibrahim","doi":"10.2174/0124055204293369240221044511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124055204293369240221044511","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Waste from the palm oil industry, such as empty fruit\u0000bunch ash (EFBA) and palm oil mill effluents (POME), is a type of biomass created\u0000during the production of palm oil and produced in vast quantities. Due to the massive\u0000amounts of empty fruit bunch ash produced because of the exponential rise in\u0000worldwide palm oil production, major plantations are having trouble disposing of\u0000them.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of the ZnO-EFBA catalyst\u0000under visible light irradiation for the photoesterification reaction and its physicochemical\u0000properties of the photocatalyst that will be determined using TGA, SEMEDX,\u0000XRD and BET.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The biodiesel will be produced by using two steps which are photoesterification\u0000to reduce the FFA value in WCO and followed by transesterification to produce\u0000FAMEs. The photoesterification reactions were conducted using WCO under visible\u0000light irradiation. Various parameters were examined, including different reaction times\u0000of 1 to 4 hours, different methanol to oil molar ratios of 12:1, 14:1, 16:1, and 18:1, and\u0000different ZnO-EFBA catalyst loadings ranging from 0 wt.% to 8 wt.%. The obtained\u0000results demonstrated that each WCO sample has a different optimum condition in the\u0000photoesterification reaction. Moreover, it was observed that lower FFA values correlated\u0000with higher biodiesel conversion rates in the transesterification reaction with\u000079.06%, 77.72% and 73.33% for samples 1, 2 and 3, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000By using EFBA as a heterogeneous catalyst doped with ZnO in the manufacturing\u0000of biodiesel, it helps to reduce the waste that the palm oil industry creates, limiting\u0000the adverse effects on human health and environmental harm. Furthermore, biodiesel\u0000is a renewable, clean-burning alternative to petroleum fuel, which is domestically\u0000manufactured\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The use of biodiesel as a vehicle fuel boosts energy security, enhances\u0000the environment and air quality, and offers safety advantages\u0000","PeriodicalId":20833,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering)","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}