{"title":"Salpingectomy for Sterilization: A New Standard of Care?","authors":"Karen R. Browning, V. Flores, K. Robison","doi":"10.1097/01.PGO.0000469166.43874.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PGO.0000469166.43874.52","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208056,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128405854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving the Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Cystitis","authors":"C. Eto, N. Gaba","doi":"10.1097/01.PGO.0000464748.96524.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PGO.0000464748.96524.69","url":null,"abstract":"Many obstetrician/gynecologists have encountered the enigmatic patient who reports persistent irritative urinary symptoms. Often, these patients have taken multiple courses of antibiotics for clinically suspected urinary tract infections despite negative urine cultures. Some of these patients likely have interstitial cystitis (IC), a disease about which very little is understood. Because of the gap in knowledge, the resultant delay in diagnosis of IC has led to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes, disgruntled patients, and even an association with depressive symptomatology.1 Held et al2 demonstrated that the quality of life for patients with IC is worse than that of patients in long-term dialysis treatment. Early diagnosis can minimize the level of complexity required for treatment, which is beneficial to both the patient and the physician. The goal of this article is to address this gap; after participating in this activity, the obstetrician/ gynecologist should be better able to evaluate patients with suspected IC in a timely manner. Clinicians will also be able to develop a treatment plan and educate patients about treatment options and prognosis for IC. What Is Interstitial Cystitis?","PeriodicalId":208056,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124146868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy","authors":"I. Krishna, M. Lindsay","doi":"10.1097/01.PGO.0000465204.39384.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PGO.0000465204.39384.93","url":null,"abstract":"Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a liver disorder that occurs in pregnant women. Cholestasis is a condition that impairs the release of a digestive fluid called bile from liver cells. As a result, bile builds up in the liver, impairing liver function. Because the problems with bile release occur within the liver (intrahepatic), the condition is described as intrahepatic cholestasis. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy usually becomes apparent in the third trimester of pregnancy. Bile flow returns to normal after delivery of the baby, and the signs and symptoms of the condition disappear. However, they can return during later pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":208056,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127682820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Steroidal Contraception and Medically Complex Women: Part 1","authors":"L. A. Boardman","doi":"10.1097/01.PGO.0000462540.27842.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PGO.0000462540.27842.67","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208056,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133584864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Steroidal Contraception and Medically Complex Women: Part 2","authors":"L. A. Boardman","doi":"10.1097/01.PGO.0000462996.09948.F8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PGO.0000462996.09948.F8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208056,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121592417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tobacco Use in Pregnancy","authors":"C. N. Cordeiro","doi":"10.1097/01.PGO.0000461293.66975.7f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PGO.0000461293.66975.7f","url":null,"abstract":"Although 18% to 25% of female smokers in the United States have been reported to quit smoking once they become pregnant, 13% of all women report smoking during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Higher rates are reported among women of lower socioeconomic status, who live below the poverty line, and who have less than 12 years of formal education.1 Cigarettes expose mothers and their fetuses to more than 4000 compounds, including 100 carcinogens and mutagens, resulting in serum carbon monoxide levels 3 times higher in smokers than in nonsmokers and fetal plasma concentrations twice that of their mothers. Like carbon monoxide, nicotine crosses the placenta and is measurable at higher levels in the amniotic fluid and the fetal plasma than in maternal plasma.2 Similarly, secondhand smoke exposure can result in fetal levels of nicotine and cotinine as high as one third that of fetuses exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy.3 Thus, both maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal exposure to secondhand smoke represent direct exposures to even higher levels of those compounds in the developing fetus. Ideally, no woman would smoke during pregnancy. Given the observations presented above, there is an apparent gap between ideal and existing patient care. This article addresses the existing gap by focusing on 3 primary areas. First, it reviews the effects of smoking on both pregnancy outcomes and childhood/adult health outcomes of the exposed fetus— a critical component of the obstetrician’s ability to provide evidence-based patient education and counseling. Second, it describes and recommends an approach to physicianbased interventions that have been demonstrated to have efficacy in promoting smoking cessation in the pregnant population. Finally, it reviews evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to allow for informed clinical decision making regarding its use on an individual basis.","PeriodicalId":208056,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123607487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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