{"title":"Detection of discontinuities of road curvature change by GLR","authors":"Reinhold Behringer","doi":"10.1109/IVS.1995.528261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1995.528261","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach for spatial segmentation of a curved road for visual road recognition in far look-ahead distance, implemented in the autonomous road vehicle VaMP (a passenger car), is described. Based on the recognition of bright lane markings and the edges formed at the road borders, an estimation process performs an update of a state vector, which describes spatial road shape and vehicle orientation relative to the road. Kalman filter techniques for time-discrete measurements are applied to obtain an optimal estimate of the state vector at each time frame t/sub k/. By extending the Kalman filter method for space-discrete measurements at a fixed time frame, the modification of the road curvature along the look-ahead axis can be recursively estimated. By applying the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) approach, a segmentation of the road into segments with constant curvature change parameter can be obtained.","PeriodicalId":208041,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles '95. Symposium","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127275225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recursive surface structure recognition for safe navigation","authors":"S. Baten","doi":"10.1109/IVS.1995.528319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1995.528319","url":null,"abstract":"Methods for extracting in real time the surface structure in a certain look-ahead range from image sequences while driving are reviewed. Low spatial frequency elevation profiles of roads are the only ones successfully recovered in real-time up to now. Low frequency means that the characteristic geometrical dimension for curvature estimation is at least an order of magnitude larger than the axle distance of the vehicle carrying the camera. For the more general case of a surface with relatively high spatial frequencies an approach for real-time recognition is proposed which separates low, medium and high spatial frequency components; these components are estimated in a sequential, iteratively parallel manner. The formulation of the approach is given.","PeriodicalId":208041,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles '95. Symposium","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115103580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. De Micheli, R. Prevete, G. Piccioli, M. Campani
{"title":"Color cues for traffic scene analysis","authors":"E. De Micheli, R. Prevete, G. Piccioli, M. Campani","doi":"10.1109/IVS.1995.528326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1995.528326","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a system for the analysis of color images of traffic scenes is presented. This system, which is based on a suitable processing of the chromatic information contents of the images, aims at recovering in a robust way important parts of a road scene like the road-bed, obstacles which are present on the road-bed, horizontal and vertical road signs, and traffic lights. A wide experimentation on images of urban and country roads has shown the power of using color information compared to the performance we obtained by algorithms for object detection and recognition that rely solely on geometric features extracted from monochromatic images. The results suggest that color cue can be very helpful to construct drivers' assistant systems based on computer vision technologies even in the presence of quite complex road environments.","PeriodicalId":208041,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles '95. Symposium","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114317247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Truck platooning in mixed traffic","authors":"Uwe Franke, F. Bottiger, Z. Zomotor, D. Seeberger","doi":"10.1109/IVS.1995.528248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1995.528248","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an evolutionary concept for platooning of trucks is presented, which requires no additional infrastructure and can operate in today's traffic conditions. The basic idea is that a manually driven truck is followed by one or more autonomously guided trucks. To implement this concept, a truck pair has been equipped with a high precision vision-based sensor system and the necessary actuators. This two-vehicle-platoon is currently undergoing tests on public highways around Stuttgart. All maneuvers occurring in daily traffic are under control, including strong acceleration and emergency braking. The developed system can easily be applied to passenger cars and be extended to platoons of more than two cars, as shown by simulations.","PeriodicalId":208041,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles '95. Symposium","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124492318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New results in stereo-based automatic vehicle guidance","authors":"J. Weber, Dieter Koller, Q. Luong, Jitendra Malik","doi":"10.1109/IVS.1995.528337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1995.528337","url":null,"abstract":"Presents new results on vision based longitudinal and lateral vehicle control. The novel feature of this approach is the use of binocular vision. The authors integrate two modules consisting of an obstacle tracking algorithm based on binocular stereo, and a lane marker detection algorithm, and show that the integration results in a improved performance for each of the modules.","PeriodicalId":208041,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles '95. Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115771409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A deformable-template approach to lane detection","authors":"K. Kluge, S. Lakshmanan","doi":"10.1109/IVS.1995.528257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1995.528257","url":null,"abstract":"Vision-based algorithms for locating lane boundaries without a prior model of the road being viewed need to be able to operate robustly under a wide variety of conditions, including cases where there are large amounts of clutter in the image. This clutter can be due to shadows, puddles, oil stains, tire skid marks, etc. This poses a challenge for edge-based lane detection schemes, as it is often impossible to select a gradient magnitude threshold which doesn't either remove edges of interest corresponding to road markings and edges or include edges corresponding to irrelevant clutter. The approach taken in this work is to use a deformable template model of lane structure to locate lane boundaries without thresholding the intensity gradient information. The Metropolis algorithm is used to maximize a function which evaluates how well the image gradient data supports a given set of template deformation parameters. The result, the LOIS lane detection algorithm (likelihood of image shape), is able to detect lane markings in situations with strong mottled shadows and broken or interrupted lane markings which would pose problems for algorithms which use local, thresholded edge information.","PeriodicalId":208041,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles '95. Symposium","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131776764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Telematic services for interactive traffic information: the Spanish case","authors":"J. López","doi":"10.1109/IVS.1995.528284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1995.528284","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of telematic services offers new opportunities to spread traffic information to drivers. Traffic Management Centres receive, analyze and communicate traffic information with the aim of reducing accidents, optimizing journey time and providing assistance on the road. The Direccion General de Trafico (DGT), Spanish Government Traffic Agency, has started a videotex traffic server, and is developing an Internet World Wide Web server. Furthermore, DGT is going to start an ISDN video transmission between Management Centres, which could be used in the future to transmit CCTV cameras images to the media. The paper focuses on the kinds of available traffic information, the most frequently asked for information through videotex, what kind of information could be suitable to deliver depending on the receiver, and the kind of telematic service.","PeriodicalId":208041,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles '95. Symposium","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130603595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Gengenbach, H. Nagel, F. Heimes, G. Struck, H. Kollnig
{"title":"Model-based recognition of intersections and lane structures","authors":"V. Gengenbach, H. Nagel, F. Heimes, G. Struck, H. Kollnig","doi":"10.1109/IVS.1995.528334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1995.528334","url":null,"abstract":"In the course of tracking moving vehicles in image sequences recorded by a stationary camera at complex inner-city road intersections, it has turned out to be advantageous to automatically recognize the lane structure of the recorded intersection. Similarly, in the context of vision-based automatic driving it is advantageous to rely on as much knowledge about the actual road and lane structure as can possibly be obtained. Based on the authors' previous research, they assume that knowledge about the type of intersection ahead of the vehicle is made available by access to an automatic navigation system which is based on a digital map of the road network. In preparation of an appropriate selection and instantiation of a generic lane structure model, the authors use model-based machine vision in order to estimate the location of incoming as well as outgoing lanes at an intersection. The authors use image sequences recorded from a moving vehicle in order to detect and track intersections using a Kalman filter. Results obtained from real world data are presented.","PeriodicalId":208041,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles '95. Symposium","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115204241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. J. Chadwick, J. Marshall, B. Koch, V. M. Patel, J. Hamalainen
{"title":"A new, robust, high data rate digital FM subcarrier system for mobile ITS applications","authors":"D. J. Chadwick, J. Marshall, B. Koch, V. M. Patel, J. Hamalainen","doi":"10.1109/IVS.1995.528251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1995.528251","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligent transportation systems (ITS)-formerly called IVHS-are essentially mobile information utilities, designed to deliver information about the status of the surface transportation system to users in mobile vehicles, pedestrians, and people in offices and homes. Except for the last class of users, mobile communications by radio is the only viable means for delivering this information. By far the largest volume of data that needs to be transferred from the infrastructure to mobile users concerns the state of congestion on highways. Since this can be done in a one-way broadcast mode, significant savings in communications cost and radio-frequency (RF) spectrum acquisition time can be achieved if an existing, widely available medium is used. For ITS purposes analog subcarriers have neither the capacity nor the robustness in a mobile environment to perform traffic data distribution. What is needed is a true digital subcarrier system that has enough capacity to reliably distribute traffic data with low latency in a mobile environment. This paper describes the design, development and testing of a new high-speed digital subcarrier system (HSDSS) called the Subcarrier Traffic Information Channel (STIC). STIC provides a digital data capability that performs extremely well in a multipath fading environment and yields a user data rate of about 8 kilobits per second (kb/s). Another important feature of the system is that it provides all of this capability from a single FM station; a critical factor for U.S. ITS deployment.","PeriodicalId":208041,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles '95. Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116314886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The national prototype model: Oregon's \"Green Light\" CVO project","authors":"M. Krukar, K. Evert, A. Bergan","doi":"10.1109/IVS.1995.528283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1995.528283","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in transportation technology will speed freight through satellite tracking, two-way communications, onboard computers, weigh-in-motion systems, automatic vehicle identification and other electronic systems. The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) has been testing several of these technologies since 1983. The result has been the completion and approval of the Intelligent Vehicle System Strategic Plan for Commercial Vehicle Operations (IVHS/CVO). The purpose of this plan is to develop and deploy advanced technology to improve the efficiency of commercial vehicle operations, to increase the performance of the highway system and protect the public investment in our infrastructure. The \"Green Light\" phase I project consists of eight elements: 1) main line preclearance systems at seventeen sites; 2) safety enhancements; 3) vision technology which uses cameras for automatic vehicle identification; 4) hardware/software upgrade; 5) database management and development; 6) electronic data interchange; 7) transponders; and 8) independent evaluation.","PeriodicalId":208041,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles '95. Symposium","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124618887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}