{"title":"Why We Came to Think as We Do","authors":"M. Queloz","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198868705.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198868705.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory chapter presents the questions and concerns animating the book and outlines its two main theses: that there is an under-appreciated tradition of pragmatic genealogy which cuts across the analytic–continental divide, and that these genealogies are dynamic models serving to reverse-engineer the points of ideas in relation to generic and local needs. After sharpening key notions such as ‘genealogy’, ‘living by an idea’, and ‘conceptual practice’, the pragmatic genealogical tradition that forms the topic of the book is brought into view and contrasted with other genealogical traditions. It is shown how this particular method proves puzzling in various ways and resists assimilation to better-known methods. This motivates the search for an attractive systematic account of the method that can make sense of its more puzzling features. The last section of the chapter then offers a rationale for developing this systematic account by doing history of philosophy.","PeriodicalId":207905,"journal":{"name":"The Practical Origins of Ideas","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127944715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Loosening the Need-Concept Tie","authors":"M. Queloz","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198868705.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198868705.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter on E. J. Craig’s genealogy of the concept of knowledge aims to bring out four attractive features of the method. First, by examining its alleged incompatibility with knowledge-first epistemology, it is shown how genealogy allows one to treat as arising separately what in reality has to arise together, so that one can isolate a concept’s practical contribution even when it could not have arisen in isolation. Second, genealogy allows one to consider a concept’s development out of prior forms that more clearly display its relation to human needs even when these prior forms could not have been realized in history, for reasons that the genealogy itself brings out. Third, genealogy reveals practical pressures driving the de-instrumentalization of concepts, the process whereby concepts shed the traces of their origins in the needs of individual concept-users. And finally, the method allows one to assess and reconcile competing accounts of concepts.","PeriodicalId":207905,"journal":{"name":"The Practical Origins of Ideas","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114864730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ideas as Remedies to Inconveniences","authors":"M. Queloz","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198868705.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198868705.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter locates the roots of the pragmatic genealogical tradition in David Hume’s explanations of artificial virtues as remedies to inconveniences. The motivation for Hume’s turn to genealogy is examined, and it is shown how viewing his accounts of the virtues of justice and fidelity to promises through the lens of pragmatic genealogy sets them apart from the Enlightenment genre of conjectural history. Four functions performed by Hume’s fiction of a counterpossible state of nature are identified, and it is shown how Hume introduces two key ideas: that under certain circumstances, the motivations to engage in a practice need to be non-instrumental motivations if the practice is to be stable; and that shared needs can give rise to practices that serve a point for participants even when those fail to grasp what that point is. This prevents genealogies from becoming overly intellectualist or circular.","PeriodicalId":207905,"journal":{"name":"The Practical Origins of Ideas","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123373210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Genetic History of Thought","authors":"M. Queloz","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868705.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868705.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter moves into the nineteenth century and brings Friedrich Nietzsche into the fold of the pragmatic genealogical tradition. It is argued that in his Basel years, Nietzsche sketches primarily fictional and vindicatory genealogies of justice and truthfulness which bring him closer to the ‘English’ genealogists than he later cared to admit. Nietzsche’s significance for pragmatic genealogy is shown to be threefold: he diagnoses philosophers’ tendencies to dehistoricize and denaturalize their objects, and envisages, as a remedy for these failings, a systematic application of genealogy across our conceptual practices; he views concepts as growing out of needs, but, under the influence of Darwinism and historicism, he indexes needs to socio-historical perspectives and invites genealogists to think more historically; and he highlights that what has a point under some circumstances might become pointless or dysfunctional once it takes more demanding forms or comes to be applied beyond those circumstances.","PeriodicalId":207905,"journal":{"name":"The Practical Origins of Ideas","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124230998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Normative Significance of Pragmatic Genealogies","authors":"M. Queloz","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868705.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868705.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how pragmatic genealogy can affect the space of reasons by addressing four objections to this idea: normatively ambitious genealogies commit the genetic fallacy; if not, they founder on failures of continuity in the conditions securing their normative import; if not, this must be because they deal with universal needs, which severely restricts their explanatory scope; and what counts as a need is anyway eagerly contested. In answering these objections, the chapter shows two ways around the genetic fallacy and addresses the problem of Rortyan irony; it offers a need-satisfaction account of functions or pointfulness and discusses the strategies by which genealogies can secure continuity; it shows that the method is not restricted to explaining anthropological universals and that the state of nature can also be used to model local problems; finally, it explores how genealogies help us navigate contestations of certain needs and conceptions of human agents.","PeriodicalId":207905,"journal":{"name":"The Practical Origins of Ideas","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128731187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Uses of Intrinsic Value","authors":"M. Queloz","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868705.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868705.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores Bernard Williams’s genealogy in Truth and Truthfulness and argues that by emphasizing the historicity of needs and the ways in which practices can acquire or lose their points, Williams brings pragmatic genealogy from its Neo-Humean phase into its Neo-Nietzschean phase. The chapter begins by reconstructing Williams’s notoriously elusive genealogy and reveals its affinities with Cambridge pragmatism. It then addresses three influential challenges raised by Colin McGinn. Williams’s notion of intrinsic value is elucidated and his position distinguished from indirect utilitarianism. It emerges that Williams’s distinctive contribution to the pragmatic genealogical tradition is to identify the practical pressures driving thought away from a stance of instrumental valuation to a stance of intrinsic valuation, thus showing how intrinsic values have their uses, and to illustrate how the method equips one to do justice to self-effacingly functional practices. The chapter concludes by considering the depth of Williams’s debt to Nietzsche.","PeriodicalId":207905,"journal":{"name":"The Practical Origins of Ideas","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117183338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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