{"title":"A fast and simple automated multi-step protein purification method for ÄKTA go systems","authors":"Daichi Morimoto , Erik Walinda","doi":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Automation of protein purification methods can increase researchers' efficiency in life sciences. However, currently reported automated protein purification methods require cost-intensive fast protein liquid chromatography systems, such as ÄKTA pure and ÄKTA explorer, without any reported application to the more cost-efficient entry-level system, ÄKTA go. To fill this gap, here we propose a fast, efficient, and versatile automated protein purification strategy for the ÄKTA go. Straightforward integration of two additional accessories, a column valve and a sample loop, into the default ÄKTA go system and making minor rearrangements of flow lines, enabled automation of multi-step protein purification processes. Utilizing this established system, we demonstrate the automated purification of three distinct types of proteins: ubiquitin, polyhistidine-tagged talin, and GST-tagged human rhinovirus 14 3C protease. The described automation strategy is suitable even for small budget-conscious laboratories operating on ÄKTA go systems, thus reducing researchers’ time and efforts spent on routine sample preparation tasks of their investigations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20757,"journal":{"name":"Protein expression and purification","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuyan Duan , Yaoyao Wu , Tianzhu Chao , Nan Zhang , Zhaoyi Wei , Rui Ji
{"title":"Improving the catalytic activity and thermostability of Aspergillus niger xylanase through computational design","authors":"Shuyan Duan , Yaoyao Wu , Tianzhu Chao , Nan Zhang , Zhaoyi Wei , Rui Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Xylanase plays the most important role in catalyzing xylan to xylose moieties. GH11 xylanases have been widely used in many fields, but most GH11 xylanases are mesophilic enzymes. To improve the catalytic activity and thermostability of <em>Aspergillus niger</em> xylanase (Xyn-WT), we predicted potential key mutation sites of Xyn-WT through multiple computer-aided enzyme engineering strategies. We introduce a simple and economical Ni affinity chromatography purification method to obtain high-purity xylanase and its mutants. Ten mutants (Xyn-A, Xyn-B, Xyn-C, E45T, Q93R, E45T/Q93R, A161P, Xyn-D, Xyn-E, Xyn-F) were identified. Among the ten mutants, four (Xyn-A, Xyn-C, A161P, Xyn-F) presented improved thermal stability and activity, with Xyn-F(A161P/E45T/Q93R) being the most thermally stable and active. Compared with Xyn-WT, after heat treatment at 55 °C and 60 °C for 10 min, the remaining enzyme activity of Xyn-F was 12 and 6 times greater than that of Xyn-WT, respectively, and Xyn-F was approximately 1.5 times greater than Xyn-WT when not heat treated. The pH adaptation of Xyn-F was also significantly enhanced. In summary, an improved catalytic activity and thermostability of the design variant Xyn-F has been reported.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20757,"journal":{"name":"Protein expression and purification","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemant Kumar , Aayushi Bajaj , Paras Kumar , Rupesh Aggarwal , Vinayak Chalia , Rajesh Kumar Pradhan , Ritu Yadav , Shalini Sinha , Vishad Agarwal , William Harries , Meenakshi Dua , Robert M. Stroud , Atul Kumar Johri
{"title":"Biochemical characterization of a high affinity phosphate transporter (PiPT) from root endophyte fungus Piriformospora indica","authors":"Hemant Kumar , Aayushi Bajaj , Paras Kumar , Rupesh Aggarwal , Vinayak Chalia , Rajesh Kumar Pradhan , Ritu Yadav , Shalini Sinha , Vishad Agarwal , William Harries , Meenakshi Dua , Robert M. Stroud , Atul Kumar Johri","doi":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have functionally characterized the high-affinity phosphate transporter (PiPT) from the root endophyte fungus Piriformospora indica. PiPT belongs to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). PiPT protein was purified by affinity chromatography (Ni-NTA) and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). The functionality of solubilized PiPT was determined in detergent-solubilized state by fluorescence quenching and in proteoliposomes. In the fluorescence quenching assay, PiPT exhibited a saturation concentration of approximately 2 μM, at a pH of 4.5. Proteoliposomes of size 121.6 nm radius, showed transportation of radioactive phosphate. V<sub>max</sub> was measured to be 232.2 ± 11 pmol/min/mg protein. We have found K<sub>m</sub> to be 45.8 ± 6.2 μM suggesting high affinity towards phosphate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20757,"journal":{"name":"Protein expression and purification","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feng Liu , Song Chen , Xingbang Chen , Bin Yong , Bing He
{"title":"Identification of chitinase from Bacillus velezensis strain S161 and its antifungal activity against Penicillium digitatum","authors":"Feng Liu , Song Chen , Xingbang Chen , Bin Yong , Bing He","doi":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of chitinase in <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> through extensive genomic sequencing and experimental analyses. However, the detailed structure, functional roles, and antifungal activity of these chitinases remain poorly characterized. In this study, genomic screening identified three genes—<em>chiA</em>, <em>chiB</em>, and <em>lpmo10</em>—associated with chitinase degradation in <em>B. velezensis</em> S161. These genes encode chitinases ChiA and ChiB, and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase LPMO10. Both ChiA and ChiB contain two CBM50 binding domains and one catalytic domain, whereas LPMO10 includes a signal peptide and a single catalytic domain. The chitinases ChiA, its truncated variant ChiA2, and ChiB were heterologously expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em>. The purified enzymes efficiently degraded colloidal chitin and inhibited the spore germination of <em>Penicillium digitatum</em>. Notably, even after losing one CBM50 domain, the resultant enzyme, consisting of the remaining CBM50 domain and the catalytic domain, maintained its colloidal chitin hydrolysis and antifungal activity, indicating commendable stability. These results underscore the role of <em>B. velezensis</em> chitinases in suppressing plant pathogenic fungi and provide a solid foundation for developing and applying chitinase-based biocontrol strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20757,"journal":{"name":"Protein expression and purification","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuzhen Li , Wei Shen , Yuanyuan Xia , Xianzhong Chen , Haiquan Yang
{"title":"Efficient heterologous expression of cellobiose 2-epimerase gene in Escherichia coli under the control of T7 lac promoter without addition of IPTG and lactose","authors":"Shuzhen Li , Wei Shen , Yuanyuan Xia , Xianzhong Chen , Haiquan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the cellobiose 2-epimerase gene <em>csce</em> from <em>Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus</em> was expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em> using TB medium containing yeast extract Oxoid and tryptone Oxoid. Interesting, it was found that when the concentration of isopropyl-beta-<span>d</span>-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and lactose was 0 (no addition), the activity of cellobiose 2-epimerase reached 5.88 U/mL. It was 3.70-fold higher than the activity observed when 1.0 mM IPTG was added. When using M9 medium without yeast extract Oxoid and tryptone Oxoid, cellobiose 2-epimerase gene could not be expressed without IPTG and lactose. However, cellobiose 2-epimerase gene could be expressed when yeast extract Oxoid or tryptone Oxoid was added, indicating that these supplements contained inducers for gene expression. In the absence of IPTG and lactose, the addition of soy peptone Angel-1 or yeast extract Angel-1 to M9 medium significantly upregulated the expression of cellobiose 2-epimerase gene in <em>E</em>. <em>coli</em> BL21 pET28a-<em>csce</em>, and these inductions led to higher expression levels compared to tryptone Oxoid or yeast extract Oxoid. The relative transcription level of <em>csce</em> was consistent with its expression level in <em>E. coli</em> BL21 pET28a-<em>csce</em>. In the medium TB without IPTG and lactose and containing yeast extract Angel-1 and soy peptone Angel-1, the activity of cellobiose 2-epimerase reached 6.88 U/mL, representing a 2.2-fold increase compared to previously reported maximum activity in <em>E. coli</em>. The significance of this study lies in its implications for efficient heterologous expression of recombinant enzyme proteins in <em>E</em>. <em>coli</em> without the need for IPTG and lactose addition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20757,"journal":{"name":"Protein expression and purification","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jk Nithya Shree, T. Premika, S. Sharlin, A. Annie Aglin
{"title":"Diverse approaches to express recombinant spike protein: A comprehensive review","authors":"Jk Nithya Shree, T. Premika, S. Sharlin, A. Annie Aglin","doi":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The spike protein of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for infecting host cells. It has two segments, S1 and S2. The S1 segment has a receptor-binding domain (RBD) that attaches to the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The S2 segment helps in the fusion of the viral cell membrane by creating a six-helical bundle through the two-heptad repeat domain. To develop effective vaccines and therapeutics against COVID-19, it is critical to express and purify the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Extensive studies have been conducted on expression of a complete recombinant spike protein or its fragments. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the different expression systems employed for spike protein expression, along with their advantages and disadvantages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20757,"journal":{"name":"Protein expression and purification","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The biochemical characterization of a TatD nuclease from Thermus thermophilus","authors":"Yi-Xuan Zhao , Xiao Xiang , Xi-Peng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nucleases play pivotal roles in DNA repair and apoptosis. Moreover, they have various applications in biotechnology and industry. Among nucleases, TatD has been characterized as an exonuclease with various biological functions in different organisms. Here, we biochemically characterized the potential TatD nuclease from <em>Thermus thermophilus</em>. The <em>tatD</em> gene from <em>T. thermophilus</em> was cloned, then the recombinant TatD nuclease was expressed and purified. Our results revealed that the TthTatD nuclease could degrade both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, and its activity is dependent on the divalent metal ions Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup>. Remarkably, the activity of TthTatD nuclease is highest at 37 °C and decreases with increasing temperature. TthTatD is not a thermostable enzyme, even though it is from a thermophilic bacterium. Based on the sequence similarity and molecular docking of the DNA substrate into the modeled TthTatD structure, several key conserved residues were identified and their roles were confirmed by analyzing the enzymatic activities of the site-directed mutants. The residues E86 and H149 play key roles in binding metal ions, residues R124/K126 and K211/R212 had a critical role in binding DNA substrate. Our results confirm the enzymatic properties of TthTatD and provide a primary basis for its possible application in biotechnology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20757,"journal":{"name":"Protein expression and purification","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Purification of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin from cow milk","authors":"Kimia Ahadi-Amandi , Seyyed Abolghasem Ghadami , Narges Sayari , Reza Khodarahmi","doi":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Whey, a valuable byproduct of dairy processing, contains essential proteins like β-lactoglobulin (βLG) and α-lactalbumin (αLA), making it a focus of research for its nutritional benefits. Various techniques, including chromatography and membrane filtration, are employed for protein extraction, often requiring multiple purification steps. One approach that has gained prominence for the purification and concentration of proteins, including those present in whey, is the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in aqueous two-phase systems. Our study simplifies this process by using PEG alone for whey protein purification. This approach yielded impressive results, achieving 92 % purity for βLG and 90 % for αLA. These findings underscore the effectiveness of PEG-based purification in isolating whey proteins with high purity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20757,"journal":{"name":"Protein expression and purification","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pingping Meng , Liyan Zhu , Jiatong Guo , Yuanyuan Li , Yu Wei , Jiawei Sun , Jingling Zhu
{"title":"Preparation of recombinant neuritin protein","authors":"Pingping Meng , Liyan Zhu , Jiatong Guo , Yuanyuan Li , Yu Wei , Jiawei Sun , Jingling Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neuritin plays an important role in promoting nerve injury repair and maintaining synaptic plasticity, making it a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of nerve injury and neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aimed to obtain an active, unlabeled neuritin protein. Initially, a neuritin protein expression system with an enterokinase site was constructed in <em>Escherichia coli</em>. After optimizing induction conditions and screening for high expression, a neuritin recombinant protein with purity exceeding 85 % was obtained through Ni-affinity chromatography. Subsequently, unlabeled neuritin with a molecular weight of 11 kDa was obtained through the enzymatic cleavage of the His label using an enterokinase. Furthermore, a neuritin recombinant protein with purity exceeding 95 % was obtained using gel chromatography. Functional investigations revealed that neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells was stimulated by the isolated neuritin. This study establishes a method to obtain active and unlabeled neuritin protein, providing a foundation for subsequent research on its biological functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20757,"journal":{"name":"Protein expression and purification","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiuli Cui , Zheng Fu , Hainan Wang , Wengong Yu , Feng Han
{"title":"Cloning and characterization of a hyaluronate lyase EsHyl8 from Escherichia sp. A99","authors":"Xiuli Cui , Zheng Fu , Hainan Wang , Wengong Yu , Feng Han","doi":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pep.2024.106551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hyaluronidase, an enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid (HA), is utilized in clinical settings to facilitate drug diffusion, manage extravasation, and address injection-related complications linked to HA-based fillers. In this study, a novel hyaluronate lyase EsHyl8 was cloned, expressed, and characterized from <em>Escherichia</em> sp. A99 of human intestinal origin. This lyase belongs to polysaccharide lyase (PL) family 8, and showed specific activity towards HA. EsHyl8 exhibited optimal degradation at 40 °C and pH 6.0. EsHyl8 exhibited a high activity of 376.32 U/mg among hyaluronidases of human gut microorganisms. EsHyl8 was stable at 37 °C and remained about 70 % of activity after incubation at 37 °C for 24 h, demonstrating excellent thermostability. The activity of EsHyl8 was inhibited by Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, and SDS. EsHyl8 was an endo-type enzyme whose end-product was unsaturated disaccharide. This study enhances our understanding of hyaluronidases from human gut microorganisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20757,"journal":{"name":"Protein expression and purification","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141601432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}