{"title":"L-Band Seawater Dielectric Measurements: Mode Coupling Analysis for the Exit-Hole Effect","authors":"Yiwen Zhou, R. Lang","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442323","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the accurate dielectric measurements of seawater by employing a resonant cavity technique at L-band. The seawater dielectric data can be used in the radiometric measurement of sea surface salinity from space. The latest measurement results indicate additional accuracy is needed to meet the salinity retrieval requirements. In regard to this, the bias in the measurement due to the cavity exit-hole effect has been investigated. The results of the exit-hole effect analysis will be addressed.","PeriodicalId":207294,"journal":{"name":"2018 12th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126624028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Study of Meniscus Effect on Broadband Permittivity Measurements of Liquids in a Semi-Open Coaxial Test Cell","authors":"M. Kalisiak, W. Wiatr","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442315","url":null,"abstract":"We present results of broadband permittivity measurement of distilled water with a calibrated vector network analyzer using a semi-open, vertically-oriented test cell. We determine this permittivity with the Nicolson-Ross-Weir method and a novel technique, developed recently at the Warsaw University of Technology, which is capable of meniscus effect removal. In particular, we study how the meniscus affects the reflection coefficients at the boundaries of the water sample, since accuracy of liquid column height determination vitally depends on them. Although, we have not discerned any clear symptom of the meniscus effect in the frequency range from 0.5 to 18 GHz, our comparison of the permittivity characteristics obtained with the different methods with the reference data available for distilled water shows supremacy of the meniscus-effect removal method.","PeriodicalId":207294,"journal":{"name":"2018 12th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129725471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yagihara, R. Kita, N. Shinyashiki, M. Fukuzaki, K. Shoji, Tetsuya Saito, H. Masuda, T. Kawaguchi, Hironobu Saito, Y. Maruyama, Shinichiro Hiraiwa, K. Asami
{"title":"Physical Meanings of Fractal Behaviors of Water in Aqueous and Biological Systems","authors":"S. Yagihara, R. Kita, N. Shinyashiki, M. Fukuzaki, K. Shoji, Tetsuya Saito, H. Masuda, T. Kawaguchi, Hironobu Saito, Y. Maruyama, Shinichiro Hiraiwa, K. Asami","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442299","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamics of Hydrogen Bonding Network (HBN) relating to macroscopic properties of hydrogen bonding liquids were observed as the largest relaxation process by dielectric spectroscopy measurements. In the cases of water and water rich mixtures including biological systems, a GHz frequency relaxation process appearing at around 20GHz with the relaxation time of 8.2ps is generally observed at 25°C. The GHz frequency process can be explained as a rate process of exchanges in HB and the rate becomes higher with increasing HB density. In the present work, we analyzed the GHz frequency process and clarified physical meanings of the fractal nature of water structures in various aqueous systems. Dynamic behaviors of HBN were characterized by a combination of the average relaxation time and the distribution of the relaxation time. The fractal analysis offered an available approach to both solution and dispersion systems with characterization of the aggregation or dispersion state of water molecules. In the case of polymer-water mixtures, the HBN and polymer networks well penetrate each other. However, the HBN were segmented and isolated more by dispersed and aggregated particles in the case of dispersion systems. These HBN fragments were dominantly evaluated by smaller values of the fractal dimension obtained from the fractal analysis, but it is also related with other two parameters. The fractal analysis is now one of the most effective tools to understand molecular mechanism of HBN in aqueous complex materials including biological systems.","PeriodicalId":207294,"journal":{"name":"2018 12th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133480852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Szerement, Aznieszka Szvplowska, M. Kafarski, A. Wilczek, A. Lewandowski, W. Skierucha
{"title":"The Effect of Storage Time on Dielectric Properties of Pasteurized Milks and Yoghurt","authors":"J. Szerement, Aznieszka Szvplowska, M. Kafarski, A. Wilczek, A. Lewandowski, W. Skierucha","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442291","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of storage time on complex dielectric permittivity of opened milk with different fat content and of a natural yoghurt. The measurements were conducted using a vector network analyzer and an open-ended coaxial-line probe in the frequency range from 200 MHz to 20 GHz at 9±0.5ºC. The results showed that the real part of dielectric permittivity of the tested products decreased with an increase of frequency, while the imaginary part of dielectric permittivity increased below 14.3 GHz for yoghurt and 13.6 GHz for milks and decreased above those frequencies. During storage the real part of dielectric permittivity of yoghurt and milks slightly decreased. The value of the imaginary part of dielectric permittivity varied much more for milks during time storage. The changes of the imaginary part of dielectric permittivity of the tested products were associated with the changes of pH value. Finally, complex dielectric permittivity spectra of the measured products were modeled with the two-pole and three-pole Debye model. Three-pole Debye function was better fitting to the results.","PeriodicalId":207294,"journal":{"name":"2018 12th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127306823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. W. Ben Ayoub, E. Georgin, R. Aro, J. Rochas, P. Sabouroux
{"title":"Study of Water Molecules Dynamics by Coupling Dielectric Properties and Evolved Water Vapor Analysis","authors":"M. W. Ben Ayoub, E. Georgin, R. Aro, J. Rochas, P. Sabouroux","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442293","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, broadband dielectric properties of water in compacted kaolinite clay are investigated. Two types of analysis are applied, a thermo-coulometric analysis also called “evolved water vapor” is used to identify the different bounding forms of water and the analysis of the transformation of dielectric modulus from dielectric permittivity measurements. A correlation between differently bound water fractions in kaolinite clay are identified by combining these analyses during water uptake and drying process. Water content dependence with the electric modulus strength peaks in RF (radiofrequency) range is studied.","PeriodicalId":207294,"journal":{"name":"2018 12th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131908440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applicability of LP/ms Type Sensors for Determination of Moisture Dynamics of Injection-Irrigated Soil","authors":"G. Janik, A. Walczak, T. Reinhard","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442325","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an analysis of applicability of dielectric sensors for the description of water movement in irrigated soil. An innovative method of irrigation is analysed, consisting in high pressure injection of water to soil. Thanks to this, water can be supplied within a short time (1–3 seconds) at doses required for a single plant, e.g. from 300 to 700 ml. Water injection is performed by means of a mobile platform. Sensors of LP/ms (Labolatory Probe / moisture salinity) type were used for empirical determination of the initial condition in a mathematical model based on the Richards equation. That equation is usually used for the simulation of water flow in porous media. As it is a differential equation, its solution requires that an initial condition is given. In the case under consideration, that condition was the description of water state in the vicinity of the point of water injection. The state of soil water was determined with the help of sensors that allow continuous and basically non-invasive measurement of volumetric moisture. That value was converted, using a function type relation (pF curve), into the matric potential. This allowed the calculation of the total potential which is the value modelled in the predictive equation. It was demonstrated that the use of sensors of LP/ms type allows correct determination of the initial condition in the mathematical model describing water movement in soil irrigated with the injection method.","PeriodicalId":207294,"journal":{"name":"2018 12th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"58 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116356218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tan, K. Eccleston, I. Platt, I. Woodhead, W. Rack, Josh Mc Culloch
{"title":"Microwave Measurements of Snow Over Sea-Ice in Antarctica","authors":"A. Tan, K. Eccleston, I. Platt, I. Woodhead, W. Rack, Josh Mc Culloch","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442319","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the microwave measurements of snow over sea-ice at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica in 2016–2017. Snow features, its detailed interlayer properties, and the effect of sea-ice on the snow are described. Microwave measurements conducted to better understand these features, and their results are presented.","PeriodicalId":207294,"journal":{"name":"2018 12th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114808794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Neves, T. Letertre, P. Sabouroux, M. B. Ayoub, A. Szypłowska, A. Wilczek, A. Lewandowski
{"title":"Comparison Between Coaxial Transmission Line Methods by Measurement of Porous Clay Samples of Varying Moisture Content","authors":"L. Neves, T. Letertre, P. Sabouroux, M. B. Ayoub, A. Szypłowska, A. Wilczek, A. Lewandowski","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442288","url":null,"abstract":"Two coaxial transmission line methods have been compared in terms of precision in determining the dielectric properties of moist porous kaolinite samples. Equivalent measurement setups have been established to carry out analysis in the frequency range of a few MHz to 3 GHz. Results have been compared for samples ranging from 0% moisture content to 15% moisture content. The two methods show similar results for identical moisture contents. The four types of samples have constant dielectric values throughout the explored frequency range. A linear increase in permittivity has been found with increasing moisture content and sample density with both methods, as referenced in the literature.","PeriodicalId":207294,"journal":{"name":"2018 12th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129240277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water in Heterogeneous Matter Interfacial Water-From Non-Organic to Organic Systems","authors":"Y. Feldman, P. B. Ishai","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442295","url":null,"abstract":"Water is the universal solvent of nature. Does this imply, however, that its interaction with its environment is also universal in its character? We present evidence that the broadening of the dielectric spectra of water presents universal features of dipolar interactions with different types of matrixes. The state of water adsorbed in heterogeneous materials is determined by various hydration centers of the inhomogeneous material (the matrix) and it is significantly different from the bulk. In both cases, the dielectric spectrum of water is symmetrical and can be described by the Cole-Cole (CC) function. The phenomenological model that describes a physical mechanism of the dipole-matrix interaction in complex systems underlying the CC behavior has been applied to water adsorbed in porous glasses clays and hydrated proteins.","PeriodicalId":207294,"journal":{"name":"2018 12th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122151207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Lewandowski, A. Wilczek, Agnieszka Szyp∤owska, M. Kafarski, J. Szerement, W. Skierucha
{"title":"A Multiconductor Probe for Broadband Dielectric-Spectrum Measurements","authors":"A. Lewandowski, A. Wilczek, Agnieszka Szyp∤owska, M. Kafarski, J. Szerement, W. Skierucha","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA.2018.8442307","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new probe design for broadband dielectric spectrum measurements of powdery and granular materials. Our probe is based on a multiconductor transmission line consisting of a signal conductor surrounded by multiple ground conductors. We present approximate design equations for such a multiconductor structure and perform electromagnetic simulations in order to verify performance of our probe. These simulations mimic a calibration procedure of a probe and also measurements of PTFE, isopropanol, and methanol. Based on those simulated measurements we further extract the dielectric spectrum of the materials under test. Our analysis shows that at least eight ground conductors are required for an accurate measurement in the 0.2−3 GHz frequency range.","PeriodicalId":207294,"journal":{"name":"2018 12th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123167853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}