MRIMS Journal of Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Profile of drug-resistant tuberculosis post universal drug susceptibility testing in Jabalpur division, Madhya Pradesh: study","authors":"Akanksha Tomar, Rajesh Tiwari, Aditi Bharti","doi":"10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_22_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_22_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) can be a menace for TB elimination, making it crucial to identify the drivers of this multifaceted challenge. Now, as drug sensitivity results are available at the commencement of the treatment, DRTB patients can be delineated earlier rather than once landing into treatment failure.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study was done to assess the sociodemographic and behavioral profile of DR-TB patients and its association with the drug-resistant pattern following the introduction of universal drug sensitivity testing in the program.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study was conducted at the DRTB center, Jabalpur. Record review was done for registered patients through the NIKSHAY portal, notification, laboratory registers, and PMDT treatment cards, for the period January 2018 to December 2019 excluding the transferred-out cases. Patients were contacted for any missing information. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. The Chi-square test was applied for statistical significance considering P ≤ 0.05 to be significant at 95% confidence level.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Among 201 patients, the majority were males (62.2%) of the younger (18–30 years) age group (42.3%), residing below the poverty line (62.2%) in urban slums (40.8%). There was a preponderance of tobacco users (88.5%), whereas 22.9% were alcoholics. Nutritional status revealed 59.7% to be underweight, whereas 9% were overweight. Review of drug-resistant profile had shown multidrug resistance (MDR) to be most common (70.6%), followed by H resistance (13.4%) and others (MDR + fluoroquinolone [FQ] [10.4%], extensively drug-resistant [3.5%], H + FQ/second-line injectable [SLI]/LZ [1.5%], MDR + SLI [0.5%]). Belonging to lower socioeconomic strata, residing in urban slums, and being engaged in a labor class occupational profile carries a statistically significant association with MDR TB.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 MDR is the most common pattern of DR TB in the study population, proportionally higher in urban slum dwellers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":207288,"journal":{"name":"MRIMS Journal of Health Sciences","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profile of patients with atrial fibrillation in an outpatient setting of a hospital in India: A cross-sectional study","authors":"K. S. Reddy, Rithima Juvvadi, K. S. Reddy","doi":"10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_29_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_29_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There has been an increasing trend of prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) globally. As per estimates, there is a possibility of doubling or tripling of AF cases by 2050. Early diagnosis by common symptom screening can help prevent complications in patients with AF.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of this study was to study the causes, symptoms, and complications of AF.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 cases of AF who presented to the outpatient department for follow-up. History, thorough clinical examination, and investigations such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram were carried out for all cases. For all cases, 12-lead ECG was recorded. M-mode two-dimension echocardiography was done in all cases.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 As age increased, the proportion of AF increased. The most important and leading cause of AF across all age groups and both sexes was rheumatic heart disease (RHD). There was a slight female preponderance. The most common valvular lesion in RHD was a combination of mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation in 40%. The most common symptom was dyspnea (92%) followed by palpitations (84%). The most common complication was heart failure (40%) followed by left atrial clots (10%).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 RHD was the most common cause of AF. Mitral valve was affected in almost all cases. Dyspnea and palpitations were the most common presenting symptoms. Heart failure was the most common complication. Screening for AF in all cases with dyspnea and palpitations can help with early diagnosis and prompt treatment of AF and can prevent further complications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":207288,"journal":{"name":"MRIMS Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"135 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of synchronous and asynchronous e-learning methods among MBBS students’ in medical institutions for medical education: An educational interventional study","authors":"S. P. Tomar, Aditi Bharti, Jyoti Dwivedi, Tej Pratap Singh, J. Dhakar","doi":"10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_10_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_10_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The closure of educational institutions due to COVID-19 conditions created a situation where contact between students and teachers became almost impossible. It imposed a potential need for adopting alternative learning methods.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of this study was to carry out an evaluation of synchronous and asynchronous e-learning methods planned among MBBS students.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 An educational interventional study was carried out, including two equipotent academic potential groups of all students of phase 3 part one. Two groups were created (Group A – Synchronous and Group B – Asynchronous) and taught five sessions for each group with asynchronous and synchronous e-learning styles, and perceptions of students regarding learning style were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS, and paired t-test and independent t-test were used to compare responses. A descriptive analysis of responses received for perceptions of both learning on a 5-point Likert was carried out.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Despite the asynchronous group having a higher pretest mean score (33.63 ± 12.03) compared to the synchronous group (25.20 ± 10.1), the post-test mean scores revealed greater improvement in the synchronous group (82.21 ± 12.2) compared to the asynchronous group (81.08 ± 13.32). The study revealed statistically significant higher posttest scores (P < 0.001) in both groups. Asynchronous e-learning was slightly preferable for phase 3 students compared to synchronous e-learning based on the perception given by students.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Online methods and teaching implemented with the right planning will definitively serve as an alternative in situations like COVID-19. Although these methods cannot replace face-to-face learning, they help develop students’ interest in new learning styles and prepare them for adverse learning conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":207288,"journal":{"name":"MRIMS Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"89 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An observational study on prescription pattern of drugs and psychiatric disorders occurring in elderly patients in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"Akella Krishna Sowmya, Sunil Kumar Pandey","doi":"10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_19_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_19_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Elderly age group is the most vulnerable age group for various health-related issues. Psychiatric disorders and their management are quite important, especially in this vulnerable population. With increased availability of newer drugs, rational prescription of drugs is essential.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To assess the prescription pattern of antipsychotic drugs and other psychiatric drugs prescribed to elderly psychiatry patients, (2) to determine the psychiatric illness occurring among the elderly psychiatric patients, and (3) to estimate the polypharmacy and cost burden of drugs prescribed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It was an observational study conducted over a period of 6 months in “Government Hospital for Mental Care.” The prescriptions were collected from the outpatient medical records and were thoroughly analyzed to assess antipsychotics and other psychiatric drugs being prescribed and the disorders frequently came across in the elderly patients who visited the psychiatry outpatient department.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Two hundred and fifty prescriptions were analyzed during the study. Male patients outnumbered female patients. The majority of the patients were of age group 50–60 years. Schizophrenia was the most common disorder encountered in the study population followed by psychosis and bipolar. Among the drugs, trihexyphenidyl followed by quetiapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and so on were the most common drugs prescribed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the current study the prescribing pattern of drugs is as per the norms with rational usage of more efficacious drugs. Polypharmacy is limited. Periodic drug utilization studies help to solve the issues related to polypharmacy and improve the quality of treatment given to the patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":207288,"journal":{"name":"MRIMS Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"46 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"May 20: A day to remember in the golden age of drug development","authors":"V. G. Jonnalagadda","doi":"10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_28_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_28_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":207288,"journal":{"name":"MRIMS Journal of Health Sciences","volume":" 69","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiolytic effects of stem of Rubia cordifolia ethanol extract on anxiety models in Wistar albino rats","authors":"S. A. S. Yasar, Sridevi Kotekar, N. Bhat, R. Nayak","doi":"10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_13_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_13_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Anxiety is an emotional condition characterized by unease, discomfort, and worry or fear about certain known or unknown potential hazards in the future. Plants have served as a useful resource for the discovery of novel medications for therapeutic purposes. Since ancient times, Rubia cordifolia (manjistha) has been valued for its therapeutic qualities.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of the study was to assess in Wistar albino rats the anxiolytic potential of an ethanolic extract derived from the stem of R. cordifolia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The models elevated plus maze (EPM) and light & dark arena (LDA) were utilized to assess the anxiolytic activity. There were four groups each containing six animals: distilled water (10 mg/kg po), diazepam (2 mg/kg po), extract test dose 1 (100 mg/kg po) and extract test dose 2 (200 mg/kg po).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The one-way ANOVA and Tukey–Kramer multiple comparison tests were used to assess the standard error mean results. The statistical program used for data analysis was GraphPad Prism 6.0. Rats treated with the extract dose of 200 mg/kg showed significant results with more time spent in the EPM open arms (50.5 ± 3.2) and higher entries into the light arena (24.8 ± 0.5) in comparison to the control group. The anxiolytic effect observed in this study was closely comparable to the standard anxiolytic drug, diazepam 2 mg/kg (EPM: 49.7 ± 1.7 and LDA: 25.6 ± 0.4).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The above study results suggest that the stem of R. cordifolia ethanol extract of dose 200 mg/kg possesses promising anxiolytic properties in Wistar albino rats. The aforementioned results of this study on antianxiety medications need to be confirmed by further clinical trials.\u0000","PeriodicalId":207288,"journal":{"name":"MRIMS Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"6 5p1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Talk softly COVID is listening","authors":"S. Borker","doi":"10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_113_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_113_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":207288,"journal":{"name":"MRIMS Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteometric analysis of human adult dry tibia at a Medical College in South India: A cross-sectional study","authors":"J. Banu, S. Sakthivel","doi":"10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_2_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_2_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the domains of forensic science, anatomy, archaeology, and sports medicine, morphometric data of long bones are important. The morphometry of the tibia is essential for the successful outcome of total knee arthroplasty. The lower end of the tibia, which forms the ankle joint, is commonly impacted in accidents and sports injuries.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present study aims to reappraise the morphometry of the adult dry tibia in South India.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 60 bones of adult human dry tibia obtained from the bone collection of the department of anatomy. Various parameters of the upper end, shaft, and lower end of the tibia were measured using a digital Vernier caliper.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The tibial length varied from 32.7 to 42.7 cm, with a mean length of 36.79 ± 2.24. The Cnemic index, Foraminal index, Length–thickness index, and Cross-section index were 72.57 ± 11, 32.1 ± 3.3, 75.7 ± 11.1, and 22.95 ± 1.53, respectively. According to the foraminal index, 75% of the bones belonged to Type-1 and 25% to Type-2, where the nutrient foramen was in the proximal and middle third of the bone, respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present study gives observational morphometric data of the tibia, which will be helpful in clinical as well as in medicolegal cases. These parameters will help in the selection of the correct prosthesis for a successful surgery, and we hope this morphometric analysis will have substantial significance across various disciplines.\u0000","PeriodicalId":207288,"journal":{"name":"MRIMS Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141098218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does punishing ragging offenders assist to guide our youngsters to become responsible adults? A lesson from the recent judgment","authors":"S. Mukhida, Hiren Dangar, N. Das, Sriram Kannuri","doi":"10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_149_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_149_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":207288,"journal":{"name":"MRIMS Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"34 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion-weighted imaging with dynamic susceptibility contrast in differentiating World Health Organization Grade-I meningioma from high-grade meningioma with histopathology as gold standard","authors":"Srinivas Reddy Mukku, Pruthvi Malikireddy, Santosh Karpur","doi":"10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_150_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_150_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Conventional magnetic resonance imaging may not be able to distinguish between the benign and malignant forms of meningioma. It has some limitations such as differentiating the grades of malignant meningioma. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) techniques can help to overcome these problems.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this study was to study the diagnostic accuracy of DWI and PWI with dynamic susceptibility contrast in the differentiating World Health Organization Grade-I meningioma from high-grade meningioma with histopathology as the gold standard.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A hospital-based diagnostic evaluation study was carried out at the Department of Radio Diagnosis, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Fifty cases of suspected meningioma were included in the study. The histopathology was the gold standard in this diagnostic evaluation study. DWI and PWI with dynamic susceptibility contrast results were compared against the gold standard.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and the negative predictive value were calculated to study the efficacy of DWI compared to histopathology as the gold standard.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The males (24%) were lesser than the females (76%). The female-to-male ratio was 3.2:1. The diagnostic accuracy values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with 0.6 as cutoff were sensitivity = 81.8%, specificity = 97.4%, positive predictive value = 90%, negative predictive value = 95%, and area under curve = 0.98 (95% confidence interval = 0.93–0.99) P = 0.0003. Thus, DWI using ADC with 0.6 as cutoff was found to be a very good diagnostic noninvasive tool. The diagnostic accuracy values of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) with 0.6 as cutoff were sensitivity = 90.5%, specificity = 98.7%, positive predictive value = 91.8%, and negative predictive value = 98.5%. Thus, DWI using rCBV with 2.52 as cutoff was found to be a very good diagnostic noninvasive tool.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The ADC with cutoff of 0.6 and rCBV with cutoff value of 2.52 yield very good sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and the negative predictive value as compared to histopathology. Hence, they can be used as noninvasive technique in differentiating Grade I meningioma from that of high-grade meningioma.\u0000","PeriodicalId":207288,"journal":{"name":"MRIMS Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140741348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}