Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.最新文献

{"title":"Foraging, spatial distribution and the effect of honeybees on soybean yield","authors":"A. Jung, Clériosn R. Perini, Ivair Valmorbida, A. Swarowsky, L. Puntel, Ricardo Froehlich, J. Guedes","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2855","url":null,"abstract":"The soybean is the most cultivated grain crop in Brazil and there are many efforts to protect visitor pollinators, especially honeybees. The understanding of honeybee behavior on soybean fields is important to growers to apply integrated pest management strategies to avoid harm the pollinators. The European bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) is a social bee, with European origin, whose the worker length is 12 mm to 13 mm with darker chest hairs. In this sense, foraging hours of Apis on soybean, its spatial distribution, the effect of pollination on soybean yield and the effect of insecticides on honeybee behavior were investigated. Two experiments were carried out. The first experiment was performed in a soybean field with 79 sampling points and four insecticide treatments to understand the spatial distribution of honeybees. In addition, foraging behavior of honeybees was evaluated hourly from 7:00am to 7:00pm randomly on 40 sampling points. The second experiment was carried out in cages with and without honeybees to quantify the effect of pollination on soybean yield under spray of chemical insecticides. Four hives with Africanized honeybees (A. mellifera) were set around the area. The hives had approximately six to eight brood frames and two to four food frames. Insecticides were sprayed as diferent treatments. The first experiment showed that honeybees prefer to forage on soybean flowers from 10:00am to 1:00pm and have random distribution. The use of A. mellifera as a pollinator did not increase the yield of soybean. Besides the particular manner of experiment’s conduction, the information of foraging behavior of honeybees, the pollination effect on soybeans yield and the effect of insecticides on honeybees are prudently discussed and some implication for soybean producers are also carefully addressed to avoid insecticide applications to harm pollinators. It is important to understand that the effect of pollination on yield of soybean depends on environmental conditions, cultivars, the effect of caging plants, and the abnormally high concentration of bees in the cages","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85600486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early diagnosis of Lung Cancer with Probability of Malignancy Calculation and Automatic Segmentation of Lung CT scan Images","authors":"S. Manoharan, A. Sathesh","doi":"10.36548/jiip.2020.4.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36548/jiip.2020.4.002","url":null,"abstract":"Computer aided detection system was developed to identify the pulmonary nodules to diagnose the cancer cells. Main\u0000aim of this research enables an automated image analysis and malignancy calculation through data and CPU infrastructure. Our\u0000proposed algorithm has improvement filter to enhance the imported images and for nodule selection and neural classifier for false\u0000reduction. The proposed model is experimented in both internal and external nodules and the obtained results are shown as response\u0000characteristics curves.","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73961616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Azospirillum brasilense applied along with herbicides on maize","authors":"M. Palma, P. Cardozo, Soledad Martín, H. Reinoso, M. Dardanelli, C. Travaglia","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2746","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation coefficients and slicing the phenotypic correlations into direct and indirect effects by path analysis between morphoagronomic and bromatological traits in corn hybrids for silage. Nineteen topcross hybrids and five controls were assessed in a randomized block design with four replications in two environments (Campos dos Goytacazes and Itaocara, RJ), in the 2013/2014 agricultural year. Phenotypic correlations and path analysis were estimated between morphoagronomic (average plant height; average first ear height; average stem diameter; ear yield with husk at silage point; grain yield at silage point; green mass yield) and bromatological (dry matter; crude protein; neutral detergent fiber; lignin; crude fat and mineral matter) traits. The highest correlation estimates were obtained between dry matter and crude protein and between dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, with magnitudes of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The coefficient of determination was high, indicating that the assessed components explain much of the variation in the dry matter content. Path analysis showed that traits with highest direct effect on dry matter content were the yield of green mass, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, and mineral matter associated to high correlations of 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.90, and 0.96, respectively. The results showed the possibility of obtaining significant gains through indirect selection","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81148792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of N-fixing bacterium Nitrospirillum amazonense on quality and quantitative parameters of sugarcane under field condition","authors":"P. Sica, Eric Seiji Shirata, F. A. Rios, D. F. Biffe, J. T. Filho, Katia Regina Frietas Schwan Estrada, R. S. Oliveira Jr","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2590","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane is the world’s largest crop by production quantity. In Brazil, the sugarcane cultivation requires 30-70% less nitrogen than in other countries, due to the biological nitrogen fixation. Nitrospirillum amazonense is an N-fixing bacterium that has proven to increase plant growth and yields of sugarcane in greenhouse experiments. However, studies on field conditions are very scarce. For these reasons, this study aimed to assess the impact of different doses of a pre-commercial product, Aprinza®, containing N. amazonense on quality and quantitative parameters of the cultivar RB867515 in field conditions. The plant height, number of internodes, stem yield and sugar yield were measured. The leaf nutrient content was analyzed 60, 90 and 180 days after planting and the plant nutrient content was analyzed after harvest. The inoculation of N. amazonense did not affect the leaf and the stem nutrient content positively. The stem yield was increased 27.5 tons ha-1 (20%) and the total recoverable sugar yield increased 4.6 tons ha-1 (25%), compared to the control, by using 1 liter of Aprinza® per hectare. Therefore, N. amazonense can increase sugarcane stem and sugar yields in sandy soils with low nitrogen application, reducing the environmental impacts of the sugarcane cultivation system.","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78980429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mating designs commonly used in plant breeding: A review","authors":"J. Muthoni, H. Shimelis","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.P2588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.P2588","url":null,"abstract":"Mating design represents \"rules\" for arranging different controlled crossings; a mating design is a procedure of producing progenies. This review describes mating designs commonly used in plant breeding. Biparental is the simplest design in which a number of P plants are paired off to give ½P families; the parents are mated only once in pairs. The design is simple and it provides information needed to determine if significant genetic variation is present in a population for a long term selection program. A polycross is a mating arrangement for interpollinating a group of cultivars or clones using natural hybridization in an isolated crossing block. The design is often used for generating synthetic cultivars. The North Carolina (NC) mating designs permit determination and/or estimation of variance components (additive and dominance components) by using the information from half-sib (HS) families. The experimental material of North Carolina designs I, II and III is developed from F2 generation as a base material. The design III (NCIII) involves backcrossing the F2 plants to the two parental inbred lines from which the F2 were derived. The NCIII design was extended to include a third tester. This third tester is the F1 from the two parental inbred lines; in this extended form, this design is known as the triple test cross (TTC). Line x Tester mating design uses inbred lines as the base population. The design is useful in deciding the relative ability of a number of female and male inbreds to produce desirable hybrid combinations. When the same parents are used as females and males in breeding, the mating design is called diallel. Parents used range from inbred lines to broad genetic base varieties to clones. The design is the most commonly used in crop plants to estimate GCA and SCA and variances. \u0000Generally, it should be noted that is not the mating design per se, but the breeder who breeds a new cultivar. Consequently, proper choice and use of a mating design will provide the most valuable information for breeding","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79346282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic correlations and path analysis between morphoagronomic and bromatological traits in corn hybrids for silage production","authors":"Jocarla Ambrosim Crevelari, N. Durães, Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves, José Arantes Ferreira Júnior, Vivane Mirian Lanhellas Gonçalves, Camila Queiroz da Silva Sanfim de SantAnna, L. Bendia, Flávio Henrique Vidal Azevedo, M. G. Pereira","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2721","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation coefficients and slicing the phenotypic correlations into direct and indirect effects by path analysis between morphoagronomic and bromatological traits in corn hybrids for silage. Nineteen topcross hybrids and five controls were assessed in a randomized block design with four replications in two environments (Campos dos Goytacazes and Itaocara, RJ), in the 2013/2014 agricultural year. Phenotypic correlations and path analysis were estimated between morphoagronomic (average plant height; average first ear height; average stem diameter; ear yield with husk at silage point; grain yield at silage point; green mass yield) and bromatological (dry matter; crude protein; neutral detergent fiber; lignin; crude fat and mineral matter) traits. The highest correlation estimates were obtained between dry matter and crude protein and between dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, with magnitudes of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The coefficient of determination was high, indicating that the assessed components explain much of the variation in the dry matter content. Path analysis showed that traits with highest direct effect on dry matter content were the yield of green mass, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, and mineral matter associated to high correlations of 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.90, and 0.96, respectively. The results showed the possibility of obtaining significant gains through indirect selection","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72557456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nicosulfuron on chlorophyll content of marandu-grass cultivated in crop-forest-livestock integration systems","authors":"E. Ferreira, M. V. Santos, L. D. Silva, P. Cruz, R. R. Silveira, I. C. Freitas, L. A. Frazão, A. M. Azevedo, Gustavo A. M. Pereira, T. Braz","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2631","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to study the effect of sub-doses of herbicide nicosulfuron on the levels of chlorophyll and growth of marandu-grass in an forest-livestock integration system. The treatments consisted of eucalyptus consortium with sorghum (BRS 655 hybrid) and forage Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu-grass) at 12×2 and 12×3 m spacings in agroforestry systems, in addition to sorghum + marandu-grass and marandu-grass in monoculture. The doses of nicosulfuron applied at the marandu-grass were 0, 15 and 30 g ha-1. At 30 and 120 days after the application of nicosulfuron, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were measured usinf a portable chlorophyll meter, with six measurements per plant. Afterwards, the total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b were calculated. We also measured the mass of the total dry matter of marandu-grass and growth rate of the culture. Marandu-grass plants cultivated in monoculture showed higher quantities of chlorophyll and the highest growth rates. The levels of chlorophyll a, b and chlorophyll a/b and the growth rate of marandu grass were similar between systems integrated with eucalyptus (12x2 and 12x3 m). The increase of herbicide dose negatively influenced on chlorophyll content in marandu-grass in all treatments evaluated. The use of nicosulfuron in doses of 25 and 50 g L-1 reduced the growth rate of marandu grass only when grown in monoculture","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84659854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of phosphorus and potassium on gas exchanges of Tachigali vulgaris","authors":"P. Simões, J. Carvalho, D. Araújo, M. Gama, C. C. Lima, C. F. Neto, R. Okumura, Raimundo Thiago Lima da Silva, G. Nogueira, M. T. D. Paula","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2838","url":null,"abstract":"Tachigali vulgaris L. G. Silva & H. C. Lima is a pioneer species with great potential for reforestation. The inadequate supply of phosphorus and potassium results in nutritional disorders, requiring nutritional complementation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) doses on Tachigali vulgaris gas exchange. Three doses of P (0, 26.7 and 53.5 kg-1 ha) and three doses of K (0, 50 and 100 kg-1 ha) were applied in a 3x3 factorial scheme as randomized block design. The data were submitted to analysis of variance using the Tukey 1% test and Pearson's linear correlation test. Potassium fertilization provided increases of approximately 30% in the rate of liquid photosynthesis (PN). Stomata conductance (GS), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), perspiration (E), instantaneous caboxilation efficiency (ΦC), water use efficiency (EWU) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iEWU) were also favored at dose of 78.2 g kg-1 K, suggesting their role in regulating essential physiological processes for plant growth. The highest PN values were observed with application of 33.1 g kg-1 P and 78.2 g kg-1 K, with rates of 4.28 and 4.86 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, respectively, which also occurred with E, ΦC, EWU and iEWU. It was observed that P exerted antagonistic effects on K absorption, which may also have impaired Mg2+ absorption due to the fact that Ca2+ is an accompanying ion of potassium fertilizer","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88304280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimum plot size for field experiments in sesame","authors":"Janilson Pinheiro de Assis, R. P. Sousa, Paulo César Ferreira Linhares, Eudes de Almeida Cardoso, W. M. Rodrigues, J. O. Pereira, Robson Pequeno de Sousa, A. C. Medeiros, Neurivan Vicente da Silva, A. B. A. D. Andrade, Geovanna Alícia Dantas Gomes, Mateus de Freitas Almeida dos Santos, Lunara De Sousa Alves","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2828","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to determine the appropriate plot size for field experiments in sesame. We performed a complete randomized block design experiment, using 14 sesame varieties and four replicates. The plots were composed of four rows of 0.8 m long, spaced 0.6 m apart, and 0.1 m between plants. The useful plot area (0.72 m2), which was the two central rows, was divided into 12 basic units with one plant (0.06 m2) each. The measures of sesame production were taken from the useful plot area. The appropriate size of the experimental plot was estimated using the intraclass correlation coefficient method and calculated the detectable difference between treatments. The optimum plot size for evaluation of sesame seed yield was 0.18 m2 (useful area), taking into account the one-row border on the sides. Gains in experimental precision (12%) were occurred with increments in plot size up to eight basic units (0.48 m2), using five replicates and four or more varieties. The increase in the number of replicates and plot size was more efficient than the increase in varieties number to increase the experimental precision","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86577684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in Savanah agrosystems","authors":"Elias Gomes de Oliveira Filho, J. Medeiros, Jaqueline Dalla Rosa, H. A. Souza, Diana Signor Deon, B. Madari","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2846","url":null,"abstract":"In Brazil, 87% of N2O released into the atmosphere comes from agriculture, emphasizing the importance of assessing emissions in agricultural systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate N2O fluxes and emissions in agroecosystems and to identify how physical and chemical attributes of soil may affect the emissions. The study was carried out in the northeastern savannah (Cerrado), in an area under current agricultural expansion, in the municipality of Bom Jesus, State of Piauí. The treatments were composed of grain cultivation systems under no-tillage: exclusive soybean with biological nitrogen fixation (FBN), exclusive corn and corn intercropped with brachiaria. An adjacent area under native Cerrado was evaluated as reference ecosystem. N2O fluxes were monitored using manual static chambers between February 18 and April 22, 2017, covering the period from planting until the beginning of the harvest. Corn cultivation systems presented the highest N2O fluxes and the highest total emissions. Nitrogen fertilization significantly contributed to soil N2O fluxes as opposed to FBN. The soybean system and the native Cerrado had the lowest N2O emissions. Substantial amounts of N2O may be emitted during plant residue decomposition, however, it was not evaluated in this study. The concentrations of NH4+ and NO3-available in the soil were different among the cropping systems, presenting a positive correlation with N2O fluxes.","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87189859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}