Zambia ICT Journal最新文献

{"title":"Blockchain Technology and its Implication for the Financial Sector in Zambia","authors":"Victor Neene, Alex Ng’uni, Bob Jere, Prudence Kalunga, Mwiza Phiri","doi":"10.33260/zictjournal.v6i1.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33260/zictjournal.v6i1.139","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain is the technology that underlies Crypto Currencies and it is poised to revolutionise current existing business processes and models. Its impact is being felt in many spheres of the financial industry in many jurisdictions around the world. Transactions on the blockchain are validated by a network of participating nodes using proof of work or proof of stake algorithms. Security of the data is guaranteed by the application of cryptographic hash functions. The technology has the characteristic of delivering very secure, transparent and innovative financial products. This study presents a systematic literature review of blockchain technologies and their potential application in the financial sector with the view of identifying open challenges and opportunities that it can address in the Zambian Financial Sector Context. The focus of the study was limited to the finance, banking, insurance, tax, mortgages and fintech sectors. The findings of the research showed that the Zambian financial sector can benefit from applying blockchain in its operations. Key benefits to be derived include tamper-proof customer identity validation, guaranteed security and trust, reduction of operational costs, elimination of third parties in transaction processes, reduced financial risks and reliable data sharing and verification.","PeriodicalId":206279,"journal":{"name":"Zambia ICT Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126831585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5G Awareness and its Link to COVID-19: Case of Zambians with Access to Internet","authors":"C. Chembe, Alick Banda, J. Kalezhi, D. Kunda","doi":"10.33260/ZICTJOURNAL.V5I1.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33260/ZICTJOURNAL.V5I1.101","url":null,"abstract":"Fifth Generation (5G) mobile cellular networks are envisaged to provide for high data rates and very low delay to support a lot of applications. However, its deployment has been met with a lot of resistance from some members of the public in various countries around the globe. This resistance has been exacerbated by the onset of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which has since been named COVID-19. Since the beginning of December2019, COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world with increased discussions on the topic across various online platforms. Due to the nature of these online platforms, misinformation is greatly shared and it becomes difficult for policy makers to implement measures that could save lives. For example, there have been conspiracy theories that were circulating on social media platforms perpetuating that radiation from 5G towers are linked with symptoms associated with COVID-19. This information led to some people burning 5G towers in certain countries. Basic awareness of 5G technology and its related health concerns should be made available to the general public. Therefore, this research highlights general health concerns about 5G technology based on various research conducted. Furthermore, the paper presents results from an online survey with a total of 258 respondents. Results show that 67% of respondents are aware of 5G technology and most users get there information from online social media platforms (about 78%). About 62% of respondents have heard the conspiracy theories linking 5G to COVID-19 symptoms, however, only 14.3% believe the conspiracy. Interestly, 57.8% think coronavirus originated from the laboratory and 47.3% think the COVID-19 pandemic was planned by certain pharmaceutical corporations and government agencies to depopulate the world. Additionally, 43% of respondents think there is no good reason for the current lock-down by various governments. Results also shows that there is no link between 5G and COVID-19 as far as health issues are concerned.","PeriodicalId":206279,"journal":{"name":"Zambia ICT Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127685807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of the Best Practices in the Implementation of Data Centers (A case of Zambia)","authors":"Victor Kasonde, C. Chembe","doi":"10.33260/zictjournal.v5i1.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33260/zictjournal.v5i1.92","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to assess the best practices in the implementation of the data centres in Zambia. For this reason, a total of 120 respondents were randomly selected from various institutions to participate in the study. The results shows that the impact of new hardware technologies on the infrastructure of the data center facility in Zambia will result in speedy access to data. The results also shows that the location of the Data Centre can be a critical design considerations and best practices in the site selection and design of data center in Zambia. It was observed that availability of power and also security can be a critical design considerations and best practices in the site selection and design of data center in Zambia. In addition, the study showed that human capital is the most common cost elements associated with different levels of data center reliability and fault tolerance in Zambia among others. Based on these recognitions, the following recommendations were made: that deliberate measures should be put in place to acquire new hardware technologies for the data center facility in Zambia to ensure speedy access to data. It was further recommended that in trying to design new data centers, the selection of the location should be a critical consideration. Furthermore, it was revealed that the management of data center facility in Zambia should also be organized through capacity building.","PeriodicalId":206279,"journal":{"name":"Zambia ICT Journal","volume":"58 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129342315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of the Factors Influencing the Utilization of E-Wallets in Higher Learning Institutions in Zambia Using Technology Acceptance Model","authors":"Chimuka Moonde, J. Phiri","doi":"10.33260/zictjournal.v5i1.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33260/zictjournal.v5i1.110","url":null,"abstract":"This study looked into the factors that influence the use of e-wallets in Zambian higher learning institutions. Based on the Technology Acceptability Model, this study presented an e-wallet acceptance model. Perceived ease of use, perceived utility, gender, perceived cost and perceived risk were all investigated as potential predictive variables. The Likelihood Ratio Test was utilized in this study, and the results showed that perceived ease of use and gender had a significant impact on students' use of e-wallets, whereas perceived usefulness, perceived cost and perceived risk had no effect. Perceived usefulness, on the other hand, came quite close. As a result, software developers that create e-wallets for students should make them as simple as possible to use. Additionally, e-wallet software developers should take into account preferences that appeal to each gender differently, as gender influences students' desire to use e-wallets.","PeriodicalId":206279,"journal":{"name":"Zambia ICT Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114679905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tracking System to Enhance Transportation of Examination Materials based on Spatial and Cloud Technologies","authors":"Banji Milumbe, J. Phiri, Mayumbo Nyirenda","doi":"10.33260/zictjournal.v5i1.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33260/zictjournal.v5i1.109","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an extract of the ongoing study which seeks to develop a framework for secure transportation, tracking and storage of examination question papers, answer scripts using spatial data, sensing, and cloud technologies. This part of the study investigated the transportation of examination materials in relation to examination malpractices and leakages. Based on the findings, the study explored the use of GPS, GPRS/GSM and cloud technologies to enhance the distribution process of examination question papers and answer scripts. We proposed a GPS tracking system which would ensure real-time tracking and monitoring of the examination distribution process. The primary benefit of this system is that the transportation vehicles will always be tracked and remain monitored such that if there is any holdup, immediate action can to be taken. Also since GPS allows constant updates in real-time, any sort of uneven event happening, the main station will be informed immediately. This helps timely action to be taken and also eliminates human interventions or rather depending on humans to report any uneven event. The baseline study indicated that the challenges faced in the distribution process were mainly lack of reliable transportation vehicles which accounted for 67% of those who did not have any designated vehicles. A remote monitoring system was proposed as a way of improving the distribution process.","PeriodicalId":206279,"journal":{"name":"Zambia ICT Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133722507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Utility Mobile Application For Meter Reading: Android Based","authors":"Emmanuel Nyirenda, C. Chembe","doi":"10.33260/zictjournal.v3i2.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33260/zictjournal.v3i2.85","url":null,"abstract":"Water utility companies have a billing process which involves reading the meter as well as knowing the consumption of its customers. The major challenge faced by water utilities in Zambia is inaccurate customer billing. Affecting hugely this inaccurate customer billing is the manual meter reading process. For most water utilities in Zambia meter reading is a very complex task. The current method for meter reading uses manual work of reading the meter and updating details of the customers. The readings are maintained in a record book and due to manual processing of data there are possibilities of generating an incorrect bill. This process cause extra work load on person who is capturing meter readings. The manual process is associated with the following challenges; transfer errors, poor handwriting, manipulation of figures, lack of analysis of readings, low productivity, time pressure, increase in non-revenue water and meter readers not visiting the property. The other problem with manual meter reading is that both the customer and the water utility company have challenges in monitoring and analyzing of consumption trends for customers and it is very difficult to monitor meter readers in the field. Although technologically advanced solutions exist, most water utilities in Zambia have no budget for them. The proposed model comprised of the android mobile application for capturing readings in the field and the web application for analysing readings and monitoring of field workers in real time. A usability test was undertaken consisting of 36 respondents which comprised of 75% meter readers and 25% customers. The results obtained from the mobile application framework, showed that the capturing, uploading, monitoring and analysis of readings were very good for the users and customers who participated in the study. Three user experience areas were used to undertake the survey namely, perceived ease-of-use, perceived flexibility and perceived information accuracy. With the android and web application customers are also able to take their own readings and view graphical usage at any time anywhere. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":206279,"journal":{"name":"Zambia ICT Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132235113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identity Management Based on Frontal Facial Recognition for Voters Register in Zambia","authors":"Lubasi Kakwete Musambo, J. Phiri","doi":"10.33260/ZICTJOURNAL.V3I1.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33260/ZICTJOURNAL.V3I1.73","url":null,"abstract":"Biometric technology offers a great opportunity to identify individuals, authenticate individuals and separate individuals. Using these advantages, an election or voting model can be developed to perform elections for a country such as Zambia. Zambia currently uses a manual based voting or election model that heavily relies on paper presented documents that must be physically verified and or matched to existing prior collected information before an individual is allowed to participate in an election or a voting system. This paper proposes a frontal facial election based biometric model that can be used to rid the current election system of redundancy and introduce a paperless, accurate and efficient identification, authentication and voting process. A baseline study conducted shows that biometric authentication based on this proposed model improves a work related process such as a voting system. We start by introducing the elements that make a biometric model ideal, we then give an insight into the Zambian based election system and then we review various biometric technologies available and then finally introduce our biometric model.","PeriodicalId":206279,"journal":{"name":"Zambia ICT Journal","volume":"418 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124255230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Factors Influencing the Adoption mobile application in collaborative learning","authors":"P. Mumba, Maybin Lengwe","doi":"10.33260/ZICTJOURNAL.V3I1.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33260/ZICTJOURNAL.V3I1.70","url":null,"abstract":"Nations are making huge investments to ensure that their citizens receive the education so that they can contribute to different aspects of development of a country. Despite the investments in education in many countries, researches show that there is need to improve the quality of education offered in tertiary institutions. To improve the quality of education offered institution of higher learning need to consider approaches that place students at the center of the learning process. One such approach is to use mobile application-aided collaborative learning. Mobile application-aided Collaborative learning promises great benefits to students and institutions. However, to successfully implement mobile application aided collaborative learning, it is important to determine if students are ready to use it. In this paper, we use the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to determine the key factors that should be put in place for collaborative learning to be used successfully. The main contribution that this paper makes is that, it identifies the factors that Copperbelt University needs to work on so that collaborative learning can be used more effectively.","PeriodicalId":206279,"journal":{"name":"Zambia ICT Journal","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116423239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Algorithms for automated Image Capture and Identification of Fall Armyworm (FAW) Moths","authors":"S. H. Chiwamba, J. Phiri, P. O. Nkunika, Mayumbo Nyirenda, M. Kabemba, P. Sohati","doi":"10.33260/ZICTJOURNAL.V3I1.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33260/ZICTJOURNAL.V3I1.69","url":null,"abstract":"Automated entomology is one of the field that has received a fair attention from the computer scientists and its support disciplines. This can further be confirmed by the recent attention that the Fall Armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) has received in Africa particularly the Southern African Development Community (SADC). As the FAW is known for its devastating effects, stakeholders such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), SADC and University of Zambia (UNZA) have agreed to develop robust early monitoring and warning system. To supplement the stakeholders’ efforts, we choose a branch of artificial intelligence that employs deep neural network architectures known as Google TensorFlow. It is an advanced state-of-the-art machine learning technique that can be used to identify the FAW moths. In this paper, we use Google TensorFlow, an open source deep learning software library for defining, training and deploying machine learning models. We use the transfer learning technique to retrain the Inception v3 model in TensorFlow on the insect dataset, which reduces the training time and improve the accuracy of FAW moth identification. Our retrained model achieves a train accuracy of 57 – 60 %, cross entropy of 65 – 70% and validation accuracy of ","PeriodicalId":206279,"journal":{"name":"Zambia ICT Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125574127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological Paradox of Hackers Begetting Hackers: A Case of Ethical and Unethical Hackers and their Subtle Tools","authors":"Raphael Banda, J. Phiri, Mayumbo Nyirenda, M. Kabemba","doi":"10.33260/ZICTJOURNAL.V3I1.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33260/ZICTJOURNAL.V3I1.74","url":null,"abstract":"Computer crimes have been in existence for a long time now and hacking is just another way or tool that hackers are now using to perpetrate crime in different form. Hackers Beget Ethical Hackers. A number of people have suffered the consequences of hacker actions. We need to know who these hackers are. We need to know why these hackers exist because hackers have been there and will be there and we can be victims of their existence. In essence hackers seem to beget hackers and the tools that they use are getting more and more advanced by the day. We shall take a quick analysis of selected tools from thousands of tools used by ethical and unethical hackers.We shall systematically review three major types of hackers that we can identify. It is not easy to draw a line between them. Three main hackers and minor hackers have been discussed in this paper. The three main hackers are black hat, grey hat and white hat hackers.We have adopted a systematic review of literature to discuss and analyse some of the common tools the black hat hackers have developed to hack into selected systems and commercial software and why they do it?","PeriodicalId":206279,"journal":{"name":"Zambia ICT Journal","volume":"838 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133967610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}