Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database最新文献

{"title":"Pollen records of the 14th and 20th centuries AD from Lake Tsizavatsy in southwest Madagascar","authors":"E. Razanatsoa, L. Gillson, M. Virah-Sawmy, S. Woodborne","doi":"10.1201/9781003162766-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003162766-20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205615,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116562847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inside-of-Africa: How landscape openness shaped Homo sapiens evolution by facilitating dispersal and gene-flow in Middle and Late Pleistocene Africa","authors":"Mick N. T. Bönnen, W. Gosling, H. Hooghiemstra","doi":"10.1201/9781003162766-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003162766-23","url":null,"abstract":": Homo sapiens as a clade originated c . 500 thousand years before present (500 ka) as it diverged from Homo neanderthalensis. The topic of early H. sapiens evolution and dispersal since this cladogenesis has long been of interest in scientific literature and public debate. The development of this field has been significantly accelerated in recent years by the advances made in the scientific fields of archaeological, anthropological and genetic research; exemplified by the publicationoftheearliestobservedfossilbelongingtothearchaic H . sapiens cladeatJebelIrhoud, Morocco, dated at c . 315 ka in 2017. Recent evidence from these fields opposes the long-held view that anatomically modern humans (AMH) evolved linearly from a single population. Instead, a pan-African model of evolution is proposed, whereby geographically isolated H. sapiens populations, possibly shaped and maintained by ecological boundaries, evolved independently with fluctuating degrees of gene-flow over time. A thorough understanding of the ecological context these hominins experienced has long been hampered by spatial and temporal gaps in the African palaeovegetation record. Records of past vegetation that cover timescales relevant to the emergence ofAMHs now exist that are relevant to environmental change in northen, southern, eastern, western and centralAfrica. This means it is becoming possible to explore how hominin evolutionary development coincided with the changing vegetational (habitat) context. We present the idea of a three-stage ‘Inside-of-Africa’environmental framework for hominin evolution: (i) a predominance of hospitable vegetation 500–400 ka facilitating initial dispersal of archaic H. sapiens , (ii) a predominance of ecological barriers (e.g. deserts and rainforests) 400–250 ka limiting dispersal and gene-flow, causing independent evolution, and","PeriodicalId":205615,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126148240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rise of the Palaeoecology of Africa series","authors":"L. Scott","doi":"10.1201/9781003162766-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003162766-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205615,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132527567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen productivity estimates from KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg, South Africa","authors":"T. Hill, T. Duthie, Jean Bunting","doi":"10.1201/9781003162766-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003162766-16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205615,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132795961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing and nature of the end of the African Humid Period in the Sahel: Insight from pollen data","authors":"Kévin Lemonnier, A. Lézine","doi":"10.1201/9781003162766-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003162766-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205615,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126373495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing vegetation history of the Olorgesailie Basin during the Middle to Late Pleistocene using phytolith data","authors":"R. Kinyanjui, M. Meadows, L. Gillson, M. Bamford, A. Behrensmeyer, R. Potts","doi":"10.1201/9781003162766-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003162766-7","url":null,"abstract":": The Olorgesailie basin, located in the EastAfrican Rift System (EARS), southern Kenya (1.5–1.6 ◦ S, 36.4–36.5 ◦ E, 940–1040 m asl), is an important site for palaeoanthropological, palaeontological and geological research, with sediments dating back more than 1 Ma. Little is known about the palaeovegetation and palaeoenvironmental context of this important site and how this varied through space and time. Here we use phytolith data to reconstruct the vegetation history through the Middle and Late Pleistocene ( c . 670 ka to c . 64 ka). The analysis of 24 samples from palaeosols within the Olorgesailie and Oltulelei Formations uses diagnostic phytoliths to plot relative phytolith abundance diagrams documenting temporal and spatial vegetation variations. We use three phytolith indices (climate index, aridity index and tree density index) to estimate temperature, precipitation, and vegetation structure from sediments that are well-constrained chronologically by 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating. Spatial vegetation variation is captured through examining phytoliths from three distinct localities (Loc. OLT, Loc. B and Loc. G) over a distance of about 5 km. Results suggest that local vegetation changes approximately correspond with stratigraphic units. Phytolith indices reflect warm and moist conditions c . 670 ka, with cool and dry conditions from c . 650 ka during which time riparian and a variety of other habitats were present. An unconformity, which extends over c . 180,000 years (500 to 320 ka), is interpreted as largely caused by tectonic processes coupled with precipitation variability.A shift from woody vegetation to C 4 grasslands is evident following the unconformity, and riparian habitats were again present. Considerable climate variability is apparent thereafter, with inconsistent precipitation conditions until c . 220 ka when more stable and moist conditions set in until c . 64 ka. The study documents vegetation dynamics directly associated with the Middle to Late Pleistocene palaeontological and archaeological record of Olorgesailie.","PeriodicalId":205615,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122035811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The African Pollen Database (APD) and tracing environmental change: State of the Art","authors":"A. Lézine, S. Ivory, W. Gosling, L. Scott","doi":"10.1201/9781003162766-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003162766-2","url":null,"abstract":": TheAfrican Pollen Database is a scientific network with the objective of providing the international scientific community with data and tools to develop palaeoenvironmental studies in sub-SaharanAfrica and to provide the basis for understanding the vulnerability of ecosystems to climate change. This network was developed between 1996 and 2007. It promoted the collection, homogenization and validation of pollen data from modern (trap, soils, lake and river mud) and fossil materials (Quaternary sites) and developed a tool to determine pollen grains using digital photographs from international herbaria. Discontinued in 2007 due to a lack of funding, this network now resumes its activity in close collaboration with international databases: Neotoma, USA, Pangaea, DE, and the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, FR.","PeriodicalId":205615,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114206354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future directions of palaeoecological research in the hyper-diverse Cape Floristic Region: The role of palynological studies","authors":"L. Quick","doi":"10.1201/9781003162766-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003162766-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205615,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117016123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary evidence for green, brown and black worlds in tropical western Africa during the Middle and Late Pleistocene","authors":"W. Gosling, C. McMichael, Zoë Groenewoud, Eleonora Roding, Charlotte S. Miller, Adele C. M. Julier","doi":"10.1201/9781003162766-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003162766-3","url":null,"abstract":": Modern ecological studies indicate that the degree of openness in African vegetation cover is determined, in part, by the presence of herbivores and fire as consumers of vegetation. Where herbivores are the dominant consumer of vegetation the resultant open state is described as a ‘brown’ world. Where fire is the dominant consumer of vegetation the resultant open state is described as a ‘black’ world. While if neither consumer is dominant then a more closed canopy states arises that is described as a ‘green’world. Here we use palaeoecological data obtained from Lake Bosumtwi (Ghana) to characterize green, brown, and black worlds during two short sections of around 1000 years each, deposited around 200,000 and 100,000 years ago (Middle and Late Pleistocene). We characterize the vegetation cover using pollen and phytoliths, herbivory using Sporormiella and fire using micro-charcoal. We find that during c . 1000 years of the Middle Pleistocene fire was the major consumer of vegetation, while during c . 1000 years in the Late Pleistocene herbivores were relatively more important consumers of vegetation. We therefore suggest that the Middle Pleistocene section represents a black world, while in the Late Pleistocene section we capture a combination of green, brown and black worlds. The duration of these states seems to range from centuries to millennia and transitions are observed to occur in both an abrupt and a stepwise fashion. These preliminary data demonstrate how palaeoecological information can be used to gain insights into past landscape scale processes over thousands of years. Further work is required to test the robustness of these findings and to provide a higher temporal resolution to aid the link with modern ecological studies.","PeriodicalId":205615,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126012224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An atlas of southern African pollen types and their climatic affinities","authors":"M. Chevalier, B. Chase, L. Quick, L. Scott","doi":"10.1201/9781003162766-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003162766-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205615,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124213390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}