Traffic Safety Research最新文献

{"title":"Overtaking in Stuttgart—analysis of the lateral distances between motor vehicles and bicycle traffic with reference to traffic volume and cycling infrastructure","authors":"Leo Casey, Lutz Gaspers, Harald Mandel","doi":"10.55329/lzza8384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55329/lzza8384","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of climate change, it is desirable to increase the share of cycling. One way of doing this can be to strengthen subjective safety of cyclists. At present, many people perceive cycling as unsafe. In particular, overtaking by motor vehicles is a cause of low subjective safety and stress. In built-up areas, German road traffic regulations stipulate a minimum lateral distance of 1.50 m for motor vehicles, while overtaking cyclists. Previous research has shown that this rule is often not followed by motor vehicles. The aim of this study is to find out which factors influence the lateral distance of overtaking manoeuvres. The lateral distances of 4 081 overtaking manoeuvres were recorded using an ultrasonic sensor on 14 selected routes in the city of Stuttgart, Germany. 42% of the recorded overtaking manoeuvres were carried out with a lateral distance of less than 1.50 m. The mean value of all overtaking manoeuvres was 1.59 m. On roads with mixed traffic, higher lateral distances occurred than on roads with cycle lanes. In Germany, the motor vehicle traffic volume on a road is a key criterion for planning cycling infrastructure. However, it is not possible to confirm an influence of the motor vehicle traffic volume on the occurring lateral distances. The time of day at which overtaking manoeuvres take place also seems to have no effect on lateral distances.","PeriodicalId":204673,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Safety Research","volume":"61 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traffic safety implementation at local level in line with 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: synergies, challenges and enablers","authors":"Hanna Wennberg, Olivia Dahlholm","doi":"10.55329/lgfl1703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55329/lgfl1703","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how traffic safety implementation at local level in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is characterised. By investigating interactions between traffic safety and other sustainability goals (synergies), as well as identifying contradictions between goals and conflicting interests (challenges), the study aims to pinpoint the main enablers for implementing traffic safety as part of sustainability. The emphasis lies on local authorities in Sweden representing a mature traffic safety context when viewed globally. To delve into this issue, interviews were conducted with 37 municipal employees from the city of Gothenburg, encompassing diverse roles that exemplify the significant influence Swedish local authorities wield in shaping traffic safety: as road manager and planner, in maintenance and construction phases, as employer and purchaser, and as influencer of behaviour. The study reveals several synergies between traffic safety and other sustainability goals, as well as contradictions between goals and conflicting interests posing challenges to traffic safety implementation. Main enablers for implementation of traffic safety as part of sustainability at the local level concern, for example, an integrated approach on strategic level where traffic safety could be handled as either a prerequisite (e.g. for active mobility) or a framework condition (e.g. for green cars). The necessity to bridge gaps between strategic and operational levels is also emphasised. Contradicting goals and interests are inevitable and must be managed. The study identifies the traffic strategy and strategic analyses, in the European context referred to as Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning, as a platform for traffic safety implementation as part of sustainability. Such platform highlights implementation areas in common for different target areas. The significance of integrating traffic safety in relevant activities and processes, alongside fostering horizontal collaborations across target areas, becomes apparent when striving to embed traffic safety in a wider sustainability context. While Swedish municipalities may not always recognize traffic safety as part of the sustainability agenda, existing platforms within municipalities serve as a foundation for adopting an integrated approach to traffic safety implementation. However, there is a need for a central coordinating function to ensure robust leadership in integrating traffic safety as a vital component of sustainability.","PeriodicalId":204673,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Safety Research","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase road safety or reduce road danger: challenging the mainstream road safety discourse","authors":"Marco te Brömmelstroet","doi":"10.55329/vfer7646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55329/vfer7646","url":null,"abstract":"The domain of road safety has a longstanding history in academic research and a well-established position in policy circles. In different contexts in different degrees, this has resulted in important and meaningful interventions that increased overall safety statistics. But are researchers and policy-makers in this domain also reflecting on the underlying values and worldviews on which these interventions are build? Do we fully grasp the choices that are embedded in those values and on how these then solidify into our guidelines, streetscapes and behaviour? In this position paper, I argue that those underlying choices are exactly what is holding back real radical change in making our roads and traffic safe. To do so, I discuss seven mechanisms in how road safety is currently studied, discussed and designed that might aggravate the inherent unsafety it aims to reduce. Building on this, the final part of the paper aims to open up the underlying values by proposing seven potential ‘what-ifs’ away from focusing on increasing road safety to instead explicitly focus on reducing the systemic danger.","PeriodicalId":204673,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Safety Research","volume":"118 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of individual characteristics on bicycle performance during alcohol intoxication","authors":"Caroline Andersérs, Jan Andersson, Henriette Wallén Warner","doi":"10.55329/vmgb9648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55329/vmgb9648","url":null,"abstract":"Bicycling accidents are a well-known problem for traffic safety globally. Alcohol intoxication is one possible factor, although the exact number of accidents due to intoxication is difficult to establish. Not all bicyclists act in the same way, particularly when under the influence of alcohol, i.e., bicycling performance might be related to a bicyclist's personal characteristics. This study aimed to investigate if the bicyclist's characteristics (bicycling experience, physical fitness, or sensation seeking scores) influence bicycling stability, cognitive performance, or self-rated bicycling ability ratings at different levels of alcohol intoxication. The experiment was completed on a wide treadmill, which allowed control of several influencing factors such as speed and physical effort. Intoxicated and sober participants bicycled on the treadmill five times for 10 minutes each time, and breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) levels were measured five times. Participants were given doses of alcohol up to a BrAC level of 0.8%. The results revealed that alcohol intoxication had a significant effect on stability, cognitive executive functions, and self-rated ability to bicycle on the treadmill. Group characteristics had an effect on bicycling performance and on self-ratings of bicycling ability when intoxicated. Alcohol intoxication affects stability, cognitive performance, and perceived ability to bicycle. Group characteristics are important for examining possible self-regulated behavior, as some groups rate that they can bicycle safely, even when there is an objective decrease in stability and executive functions.","PeriodicalId":204673,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Safety Research","volume":"64 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139778800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of individual characteristics on bicycle performance during alcohol intoxication","authors":"Caroline Andersérs, Jan Andersson, Henriette Wallén Warner","doi":"10.55329/vmgb9648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55329/vmgb9648","url":null,"abstract":"Bicycling accidents are a well-known problem for traffic safety globally. Alcohol intoxication is one possible factor, although the exact number of accidents due to intoxication is difficult to establish. Not all bicyclists act in the same way, particularly when under the influence of alcohol, i.e., bicycling performance might be related to a bicyclist's personal characteristics. This study aimed to investigate if the bicyclist's characteristics (bicycling experience, physical fitness, or sensation seeking scores) influence bicycling stability, cognitive performance, or self-rated bicycling ability ratings at different levels of alcohol intoxication. The experiment was completed on a wide treadmill, which allowed control of several influencing factors such as speed and physical effort. Intoxicated and sober participants bicycled on the treadmill five times for 10 minutes each time, and breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) levels were measured five times. Participants were given doses of alcohol up to a BrAC level of 0.8%. The results revealed that alcohol intoxication had a significant effect on stability, cognitive executive functions, and self-rated ability to bicycle on the treadmill. Group characteristics had an effect on bicycling performance and on self-ratings of bicycling ability when intoxicated. Alcohol intoxication affects stability, cognitive performance, and perceived ability to bicycle. Group characteristics are important for examining possible self-regulated behavior, as some groups rate that they can bicycle safely, even when there is an objective decrease in stability and executive functions.","PeriodicalId":204673,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Safety Research","volume":"41 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139838371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating factors that affect conflicts between bicyclists and right turning vehicles at signalized intersections","authors":"Robert Mansell, Bhagwant Persaud, Craig Milligan, Amanda Pushka","doi":"10.55329/pytz4050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55329/pytz4050","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the recognition of active transportation as a beneficial alternative to more traditional modes of transportation, there is increasing interest in designing infrastructure systems to promote the safe use of forms such as bicycling. Collision data, which are typically used in road safety studies, may be incomplete and the use of such data is reactive as it requires collisions to have already taken place. Additionally, collisions involving bicyclists and vehicles are less common than those between vehicles. As a result, alternative approaches for evaluating the safety effect of various infrastructure attributes, such as the use of surrogate safety measures, specifically traffic conflicts, could be considered. Most collisions between bicyclists and vehicles occur at intersections and of these, collisions between right turning vehicles and bicyclists form the majority. The main objective of this study was to use cross-sectional regression models to investigate various intersection characteristics, including geometry, signal phasing, and bicycle infrastructure, with a view to determining which attributes are associated with a significant effect on right turning conflicts and how this may vary with different conflict severity levels. Using data for 65 signalized intersection approaches across Canada, various intersection attributes were found to be associated with the frequency of right turning conflicts such as exposure levels, the lateral offset of the bicycle facility and the grade of the approach to the intersection. The significance levels of the associated effects of certain attributes were observed to change with the severity level of the conflicts.","PeriodicalId":204673,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Safety Research","volume":"46 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139608411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation and traffic safety: analysis of four Norwegian county authorities","authors":"Tor-Olav Nævestad, V. Milch, Jenny Blom, R. Elvik, Markus Bugge, Håkon Endresen Normann, Erland Skogli, L. E. Egner","doi":"10.55329/ntgl3123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55329/ntgl3123","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationships between traffic safety innovations, innovation culture, and safety culture in four Norwegian county authorities three years after a comprehensive structural reform. Following the reform, the county authorities had to establish new organisations, routines, and systems. The study is based on qualitative interviews (N = 42) and a quantitative survey (n = 392) among people who work with traffic safety and/or mobility in the county authorities. The qualitative results show in particular that the respondents have gained new perspectives on traffic safety as a result of being co-organised with new professional groups. Additionally, we see examples of new methods and new forms of collaboration in traffic safety being implemented. The survey results show statistically significant differences between the county authorities' scores on an index for traffic safety innovations. County authorities' scores on this index is predicted by the county authorities' innovation culture, which in turn is predicted by safety culture. This indicates that innovation culture should be understood as an aspect of a learning safety culture. We find statistically significant differences between county authorities with respect to how demanding the organizational changes related to the regional reform have been for the county authorities studied. The results from this study can also be useful for change processes in other organisations.","PeriodicalId":204673,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Safety Research","volume":" 83","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivations of pedestrians for safe use of highway crossing: an application of the behaviour change model COM-B in Bangladesh","authors":"Mohammad Shaheen Sarker, Oliver Carsten, Yue Huang, Foroogh Hajiseyedjavadi","doi":"10.55329/apul4688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55329/apul4688","url":null,"abstract":"In Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), approximately 93% of global road fatalities occur. As the population of students and workers in these countries continues to grow, walking becomes a prevalent mode of transportation for their daily commutes to schools and workplaces. Bangladesh faces the challenge of pedestrian fatalities, particularly among students and workers, while they cross medium-to-high speed roads during their daily journeys. This research aims to enhance highway crossing design and promote safe crossing behaviour in Bangladesh. The study utilises the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation-Behaviour) model to collect self-reported attitudinal responses from 302 pedestrians who regularly encounter different crossings, including zebra crossings, footbridges, underpasses, and non-priority crossings. These data collection sites are situated along two major highways in Bangladesh. The developed conceptual model in this study focuses on understanding the interplay between Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation, explaining 42% of the variance in the Target Behaviour of safe crossing use and 34.5% in Motivation. The analysis underscores the crucial role of Opportunity in predicting safe crossing use, followed by Motivation and Capability. Furthermore, the study examines the influence of COM-B factors on three essential components of the Target Behaviour: avoiding violations in using nearby crossings, aggressions, and lapses. The findings indicate that physical opportunity plays a vital role in avoiding violations in using nearby crossings, while social opportunity plays a vital role in avoiding aggressions and lapses. Motivation is a key mediator between Capability and Opportunity when predicting safe crossing use. To promote safe crossing practices, designers should focus on Motivation factors such as satisfaction, benefits realisation, and habit formation to maximise the benefits. The study emphasises the necessity for comprehensive interventions, which involve designing pedestrian-friendly infrastructure through various measures. These measures include improving visibility, reducing crossing times, ensuring accessibility, strategically placing traffic signs and fencing, and incorporating refuge areas. Additionally, the study highlights the significant role of social opportunities in safe crossing use by considering appropriate strategies to leverage social elements to motivate pedestrians by involving influential individuals, collaborating with families and institutions, facilitating group crossings, and implementing safety alert reminders. Moreover, social elements impact pedestrians' physical and psychological capabilities for safe crossing practice, as revealed in the study. Overall, the study highlights the potential of the COM-B model and underscores the need for comprehensive interventions to enhance pedestrian safety in LMICs.","PeriodicalId":204673,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Safety Research","volume":"12 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138977028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the crash reducing effect of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) for vulnerable road users","authors":"Irene Isaksson Hellman, Magdalena Lindman","doi":"10.55329/blzz2682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55329/blzz2682","url":null,"abstract":"Vulnerable road users (VRUs) are frequently involved in road traffic crashes worldwide, and the most serious consequences often occur in collisions with motor vehicles. Countermeasures such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) for have been developed and implemented in vehicles to reduce these crashes. Estimations of the effectiveness of these systems are so far dominated by prospective studies; only a few analyze real-world crash data. The objective of this study was to estimate the crash-reducing effects of the VRU ADAS systems in car-to-pedestrian and car-to-bicycle crashes involving Volvo cars in Sweden using real-world crash data. Car-to-pedestrian and car-to-bicycle collisions across Sweden from 2015–2020 (in which the car was moving forward) were identified using insurance claims at If P&C insurance. Volvo car models with ADAS VRU and comparable Volvo models without the system were selected. Poisson regression was used to estimate the effect of the VRU ADAS on the crash rate, calculated per insured vehicle-years. For the second generation of VRU ADAS, the straight crossing path (SCP) and parallel (Longitudinal) crash rate was found to be 12% less in car-to-pedestrian/bicycle crashes—23% less in car-to-pedestrian crashes and 6% less in car-to-bicycle crashes. However, no results were statistically significant. There was no difference in crash rates when evaluating all crash situations where the car was moving forward. The limitation of this study is the low number of crashes. Reducing crashes and injuries in vehicle-to-VRU conflicts is of utmost importance for fulfilling the aims highlighted in Agenda 2030. Improving ADAS to better avoid collisions with pedestrians and cyclists has the potential to greatly improve traffic safety; future generations of the system are expected to increase VRU safety benefits. Measuring ADAS effects in real-world traffic and interpreting and relating the results are essential to ensure that future systems improve VRU safety.","PeriodicalId":204673,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Safety Research","volume":"300 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Windshield bias is real: 2019 news coverage of pedestrian traffic fatalities in the United States","authors":"John Hickman","doi":"10.55329/vfjb6171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55329/vfjb6171","url":null,"abstract":"Framing pedestrian traffic fatalities episodically rather than thematically, attributing responsibility to pedestrians for their own deaths and non-agential descriptions of traffic crashes reflects windshield bias. Pedestrian traffic fatality rates increased dramatically in the U.S. over the previous decade. Findings from this content analysis of 2019 U.S. news coverage supports conclusions that windshield bias is national in scope, varies between cities in the Sun Belt and Frost Belt, and is associated with reduced walkability and greater partisan segregation of cities. The 2016 vote for Republican Donald Trump was also positively associated with episodic framing. An inverse association between word length and windshield bias was also established. The data set analyzed included 366 news articles drawn from 78 news sources in 74 cities located in 30 states.","PeriodicalId":204673,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Safety Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136079643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}