Procedia environmental sciences最新文献_第2页

Jeddah City as A Contemporary Gateway: New Vision for City Smart Growth Management 吉达市作为当代门户:城市智能增长管理的新愿景

Procedia environmental sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.063

Samaa Badawi , Aida Nayer

{"title":"Jeddah City as A Contemporary Gateway: New Vision for City Smart Growth Management","authors":"Samaa Badawi , Aida Nayer","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Throughout the history, the city of Jeddah acted as a main gate to the Holy cities, starting specifically in the era of the third Muslim Caliph Othman Bin Affan in 647 AC, when he ordered the city to be a port to welcome pilgrims coming for the Holy Pilgrimage. Since then and till now the city plays an important role as a main gateway. Regarding this importance many plans, initiatives and researches are being developed to enhance the city role to cope with potential challenges and requirements, especially focusing on renovating the city center and its connection with the city gates. Insights into gateways sustainable developments, demonstrates that Jeddah city incentives smart growth approach in terms of its important geographical location, heritage importance as well as connectivity to the Holy cities. This highlights the importance of elaborate urban management processes in terms of city future expansions, public activities as well as major functions including economic and business, knowledge, transport. A study of main urban solutions to support policy decisions strengthening sustainable smart growth of the Jeddah city. The methodology adopted in the research is focusing on presenting expected improvements on Jeddah master plan as well as adopted strategies in order to improve the livability and quality of life in a community public activities. Explicit Contextual proposal is demonstrated to stimulate the regeneration of Jeddah gate arising from the city core center area towards city's existing boundaries while diversifying activities and supporting economic growth, highlighting road networking and accessibility as well as transport infrastructures. The research presents sustainable scenario to maximize Jeddah Gateway potentials related to economic, cultural importance, in addition to maintaining its heritage and touristic approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 330-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81500846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Bioclimatic Performance of Towns and Settlements as Defined by Byzantine Building Codes 由拜占庭建筑规范定义的城镇和定居点的生物气候表现

Procedia environmental sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.145

F. Bougiatioti , A. Oikonomou

{"title":"The Bioclimatic Performance of Towns and Settlements as Defined by Byzantine Building Codes","authors":"F. Bougiatioti , A. Oikonomou","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Byzantine Building Codes aimed at defining in a very precise manner the way in which settlements and towns were built within the boundaries of the Byzantine Empire. Consequently, they contained rules that defined the front, side and rear distances between buildings of different uses, the number and dimensions of the windows, the depth and distances of the projections, etc. Many of these limitations and rules were mainly derived from issues of sanitation, privacy and views. Nevertheless, in many parts of the Codes, there is reference to the achievement of acceptable daylighting and ventilation conditions.</p><p>This primary aim of this paper is to investigate the bioclimatic performance of the built environment, which was shaped based on these building codes, in terms of insolation, shading and daylighting, as well as air circulation and ventilation. The findings of the study will provide information concerning the bioclimatic performance of both the urban open spaces and the interior living spaces of buildings in Byzantine towns and settlements, whose form derived from Byzantine Building Codes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 651-657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77259060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Numerical Analysis and Modelling of Heat Transfer Processes through Perforated Clay Brick Masonry Walls 多孔粘土砖砌体墙体传热过程的数值分析与建模

Procedia environmental sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.112

G. Kanellopoulos, V.G. Koutsomarkos, K.J. Kontoleon, K. Georgiadis-Filikas

{"title":"Numerical Analysis and Modelling of Heat Transfer Processes through Perforated Clay Brick Masonry Walls","authors":"G. Kanellopoulos, V.G. Koutsomarkos, K.J. Kontoleon, K. Georgiadis-Filikas","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study is to analyse the thermal behaviour of walls corresponding to perforated clay brick masonry layers. The complexity of this work relies on the effect of all heat transfer mechanisms simultaneously; therefore, apart from conduction through the solid material, the propagation of heat depends on convection and radiation mechanisms in the region of the air cavities (pattern of small holes). Evidently, the geometry of perforated bricks and mortar joints of the brickwork, as well as the thermophysical properties of building materials, can modify significantly the evolution of the heat wave under specific boundary conditions at both external/internal sides of the examined layer (ambience). Furthermore, the dynamics of the actual heat flow are affected by the values of thermal-emissivity at the exposed surfaces of the brick holes. In this study, several of these issues are analysed in order to expose their influence on the thermal response of perforated clay brick masonry walls. The transient thermal analysis was carried out by employing the finite element method and by adopting a well-known CFD program focused on heat transfer processes. Secondly, the investigation has been extended to determine the corresponding thermophysical properties of an analogous solid layer (same thickness) that can produce an equivalent heat wave excitation at its interior surface. The resulting values can be useful to promote the building design and diminish the uncertainties regarding the heat flows through building envelopes; besides, assessing precisely the thermal behaviour of building configurations is essential, since the calculation of energy requirements through buildings has become of increasing importance lately.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 492-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83911828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Unsteady CFD Simulation in a Naturally Ventilated Room with a Localized Heat Source 局部热源自然通风室内非定常CFD模拟

Procedia environmental sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.087

Anastasia D. Stavridou, Panagiotis E. Prinos

{"title":"Unsteady CFD Simulation in a Naturally Ventilated Room with a Localized Heat Source","authors":"Anastasia D. Stavridou, Panagiotis E. Prinos","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the temperature distribution and the flow field in a naturally ventilated room with a localized floor heat source. The room has an orthogonal form with a low and a high opening placed in opposite walls. The temperature of outdoor air is cooler than the initial indoor air temperature forming buoyancy-driven natural ventilation (with <em>U</em><sub><em>wind</em></sub>≈0). The problem is explored with computational simulation using a CFD software. A model validation is presented with experimental and computational results of previous investigation<sup>10,11</sup> on natural ventilation including buoyancy forces. The 3D unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations are solved in conjunction with the energy equation and the turbulence RNG <em>k-ɛ</em>model. The unsteady flow of natural ventilation with buoyancy forces is analyzed andthe vertical variation of temperature with respect to timeis investigated. A thermal stratification is formed which is justified by the respective indoor air movement. The upper buoyant layer is warmer than the bottom one, while the indoor air temperature of both layers increases with time. A thermal comfort exploration accompanies the outcoming results and provides useful information for similar problems. Finally, a number of conclusions are derived about the simulation process, the function of natural ventilation and the thermal comfort of the space in corresponding cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 322-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86499465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Latent Heat Phenomena in Buildings and Potential Integration into Energy Balance 建筑中的潜热现象及其与能量平衡的潜在整合

Procedia environmental sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.102

Dimitrios Kraniotis , Kristine Nore

{"title":"Latent Heat Phenomena in Buildings and Potential Integration into Energy Balance","authors":"Dimitrios Kraniotis , Kristine Nore","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wood as hygroscopic material has the capacity to absorb moisture and thus to moderate the indoor relative humidity (RH) in a building, resulting in lower ventilation demand. In addition, when moisture migrates in hygroscopic structures energy is released through latent heat phenomena. The diurnal variation of moisture content in wood hold a potential for contributing in the buildings energy balance. This study presents the theoretical energy savings in low energy buildings with interior wooden surfaces under different moisture protocols indoors. The requirements of the Norwegian Building Regulations (TEK10) are followed regarding the U-values of the envelope components. A hygrothermal simulation tool is employed to estimate the potential diurnal variations of moisture content in the wood structure. The latent heat released and absorbed is mathematically calculated for a reference building. The results show the potential of hygroscopic structures to save thermal energy by means of heat of sorption and to reduce the conductive heat losses through opaque building elements. The limitations of the phenomena are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 364-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76791237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Evaluation of Iron and Manganese-coated Pumice from Sungai Pasak, West Sumatera, Indonesia for the Removal of Fe (II) and Mn (II) from Aqueous Solutions 印尼Sungai Pasak地区铁锰包覆浮石对水中Fe (II)和Mn (II)的去除效果评价[j]

Procedia environmental sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.042

Shinta Indah, Denny Helard

{"title":"Evaluation of Iron and Manganese-coated Pumice from Sungai Pasak, West Sumatera, Indonesia for the Removal of Fe (II) and Mn (II) from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Shinta Indah, Denny Helard","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of iron and manganese-coated pumice from Sungai Pasak, West Sumatera, Indonesia as the adsorbents for removal of Fe (II) and Mn (II) from aqueous solutions. The effect of soaking time for iron and manganese coating was evaluated and as comparison, the adsorption of Fe (II) and Mn (II) using uncoated pumice was conducted. The experiments were performed in batch mode at room temperature (20-25̊C), pH 7; 10 g/L of adsorbent dose; 0.30-0.50 mm of adsorbent diameters; 100 rpm of agitation speed and 90 minutes of contact time. In addition, the desorption process of Fe (II) and Mn (II) from the three kinds of adsorbent was also investigated. The results showed that the optimum soaking time for iron and manganese coating for removal of Fe (II) and Mn (II) were 100 and 48 hours, respectively. Iron-coated pumice showed to have high removal efficiencies of two ions compared to uncoated and manganese-coated pumice. More than 84% of Fe(II) and 72% of Mn(II) with initial concentration of 15 and 5 mg/L, respectively, were removed by 10 g/L iron-coated pumice, while by using uncoated and manganese-coated pumice, the removal efficiencies were less than 75% for the two ions. The desorption study noticed that up to 20% of Fe (II) and 100% of Mn (II) were recovered from the three kinds of pumice adsorbent. Overall study indicated that pumice from Sungai Pasak may be a promising adsorbent for iron and manganese removal from water and wastewater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 556-563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90573913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Impacts of Overheating Mitigation within the Life Cycle Carbon of Dwellings Under UK Future Climate 在英国未来气候下，过热缓解对住宅生命周期碳的影响

Procedia environmental sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.PROENV.2017.03.169

Asif Din, L. Brotas

引用次数: 3

Sustainable Socio-cultural Guidelines for Neighborhood Design in Jeddah 吉达社区设计的可持续社会文化指南

Procedia environmental sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.045

Khadijah Fatani , Mady Mohamed , Samah Al-Khateeb

引用次数: 10

Concept of Building Evaluation Methodology for Gap Estimation Between Designed and Achieved Energy Savings 设计节能与实现节能差距估算的建筑评估方法概念

Procedia environmental sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.118

Sandro Nižetić , Agis M. Papadopoulos

{"title":"Concept of Building Evaluation Methodology for Gap Estimation Between Designed and Achieved Energy Savings","authors":"Sandro Nižetić , Agis M. Papadopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays, despite the plethora of existing standards and calculation methodologies, i.e. procedures assessing a building's energy efficiency, it is unfortunately common to monitor significant differences between designed and achieved energy savings in practice. This is a problem that in extremis may lead to contractual and even legal claims, but in any case sheds doubt on the whole energy efficiency approach and finally presents one of the barriers for investments in energy efficiency projects. It should therefore be addressed and in order to achieve this, one has to understand the problem: Numerous and often intertwined factors lead to the aforementioned discrepancy, based on the differences in methodological approaches and standards adopted as well as the boundary conditions they use, they will all be discussed in the paper.</p><p>Furthermore, a novel building evaluation methodology will be presented; its conceptual approach addresses the different influences addressed and taken into account, as they can significantly affect the level of achieved energy savings in buildings. In that sense, the main purpose of the proposed methodology is to evaluate in advance, the difference rate between designed and achieved energy savings. This approach can be a useful decision tool in the phase where energy efficiency projects are rated and evaluated for possible investments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 538-545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85037894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Green Architecture as a Concept of Historic Cairo 绿色建筑作为历史开罗的一个概念

Procedia environmental sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.064

Hanan S. Saleh, Salah Z. Saied

{"title":"Green Architecture as a Concept of Historic Cairo","authors":"Hanan S. Saleh, Salah Z. Saied","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green Architecture appeared as a result of the negative impacts on the environment surrounding the buildings and in a wider scope as a result of the power consumption increases and the use of environment pollutants, besides other elements attributing to environment imbalance of the Earth. Thus, Green Architecture appeared as a sort of historical reconciliation with the environment. Meanwhile, the majority of the developing countries including Egypt showed an intensive increment in the building's volume that were blind copied from the current international architectural trends neglecting any environmental aspects. On the other hand, the Egyptian historical heritage, particularly old Cairo districts, used to give great respect to the climatic conditions of their environment while maintaining the unique value of their architectural style. Therefore, this research aims to focus on this Egyptian architectural of the historical Cairo are to study and analyse its environmental aspects and treatments in order to derive their architectural bases that are suitable for their local environment with Egyptian green methods. The research was carried out through two main phases; the first phase was based on a theoretical analytical study of a specific house form Historical Cairo, El El-Suhaimi house, while the second empirical phase was conducted for the same case study using simulation methods through Design Builder simulation software in order to assure that all findings conform to the recommended ones that could achieve the desired thermal comfort. The results of the case study showed great potentials in using the passive designs methods of this historical house to enhance thermal comfort in residential buildings which located in hot arid climates. Thus, this paper concludes that the traditional architecture, specifically the historical Cairo architecture, proved to be suitable to become a permanent reference to make use of its elements and particulars in the formation of modern green architecture of a local identity and style.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 342-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79692759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5