{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators Toward Disaster Knowledge, Skills, and Preparedness among Emergency Medical Services in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Yasir Almukhlifi, Gary Crowfoot, Alison Hutton","doi":"10.1017/S1049023X24000670","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1049023X24000670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Disasters pose significant challenges globally, affecting millions of people annually. In Saudi Arabia, floods constitute a prevalent natural disaster, underscoring the necessity for effective disaster preparedness among Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workers. Despite their critical role in disaster response, research on disaster preparedness among EMS workers in Saudi Arabia is limited.</p><p><strong>Study objective/methods: </strong>The study aimed to explore the disaster preparedness among EMS workers in Saudi Arabia. This study applied an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design to explore disaster preparedness among EMS workers in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the qualitative phase. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 EMS workers from National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA) and Ministry of Health (MOH) facilities in Riyadh, Dammam, and Jeddah. Thematic analysis was conducted following Braun and Clarke's six-step process, ensuring data rigor through Schwandt, et al's criteria for trustworthiness.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The demographic characteristics of participants revealed a predominantly young, male workforce with varying levels of experience and educational backgrounds. Thematic analysis identified three key themes: (1) Newly/developed profession, highlighting the challenges faced by young EMS workers in acquiring disaster preparedness; (2) Access to opportunities and workplace resources (government versus military), indicating discrepancies in disaster preparedness support between government and military hospitals; and (3) Workplace policies and procedures, highlighting the need for clearer disaster policies, training opportunities, and role clarity among EMS workers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study underscores the importance of addressing the unique challenges faced by EMS workers in Saudi Arabia to enhance disaster preparedness. Recommendations include targeted support for young EMS professionals, standardization of disaster training across health care facilities, and improved communication of disaster policies and procedures. These findings have implications for policy and practice in disaster management and EMS training in Saudi Arabia.</p>","PeriodicalId":20400,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital and Disaster Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"395-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"P Values, Educational Studies, and Reporting Guidelines: Updates to the Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Instructions for Authors.","authors":"Jeffrey M Franc","doi":"10.1017/S1049023X25000019","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1049023X25000019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For 2025, three new additions will be made to the instructions for authors. This includes an updated policy on P values, more detailed instructions for educational studies, and the use of existing reporting guidelines for many study designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20400,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital and Disaster Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"393-394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah Wild, Christopher LeBoa, Nikolaos Markou-Pappas, Micah Trautwein, Loren Persi, Christelle Loupforest, Elke Hottentot, Emilie Calvello Hynes, Jack Denny, Firoz Alizada, Reykhan Muminova, Teresa Jewell, Sebastian Kasack, Stacey Pizzino, Gregory Hynes, Lina Echeverri, Flavio Salio, Sherry M Wren, Charles Mock, Adam L Kushner, Barclay T Stewart
{"title":"Synthesizing the Evidence Base to Enhance Coordination between Humanitarian Mine Action and Emergency Care for Casualties of Explosive Ordnance and Explosive Weapons: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Hannah Wild, Christopher LeBoa, Nikolaos Markou-Pappas, Micah Trautwein, Loren Persi, Christelle Loupforest, Elke Hottentot, Emilie Calvello Hynes, Jack Denny, Firoz Alizada, Reykhan Muminova, Teresa Jewell, Sebastian Kasack, Stacey Pizzino, Gregory Hynes, Lina Echeverri, Flavio Salio, Sherry M Wren, Charles Mock, Adam L Kushner, Barclay T Stewart","doi":"10.1017/S1049023X24000669","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1049023X24000669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Humanitarian mine action (HMA) stakeholders have an organized presence with well-resourced medical capability in many conflict and post-conflict settings. Humanitarian mine action has the potential to positively augment local trauma care capacity for civilian casualties of explosive ordnance (EO) and explosive weapons (EWs). Yet at present, few strategies exist for coordinated engagement between HMA and the health sector to support emergency care system strengthening to improve outcomes among EO/EW casualties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping literature review was conducted to identify records that described trauma care interventions pertinent to civilian casualties of EO/EW in resource-constrained settings using structured searches of indexed databases and grey literature. A 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) review on trauma systems components in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) was updated with additional eligible reports describing trauma care interventions in LMICs or among civilian casualties of EO/EWs after 2001.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14,195 non-duplicative records were retrieved, of which 48 reports met eligibility criteria. Seventy-four reports from the 2017 WHO review and 16 reports identified from reference lists yielded 138 reports describing interventions in 47 countries. Intervention efficacy was assessed using heterogenous measures ranging from trainee satisfaction to patient outcomes; only 39 reported mortality differences. Interventions that could feasibly be supported by HMA stakeholders were synthesized into a bundle of opportunities for HMA engagement designated links in a Civilian Casualty Care Chain (C-CCC).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review identified trauma care interventions with the potential to reduce mortality and disability among civilian EO/EW casualties that could be feasibly supported by HMA stakeholders. In partnership with local and multi-lateral health authorities, HMA can leverage their medical capabilities and expertise to strengthen emergency care capacity to improve trauma outcomes in settings affected by EO/EWs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20400,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital and Disaster Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"421-435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11821299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Self-Reported Human Health Impacts of Disaster on People in India: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Longitudinal Aging Study India.","authors":"Jeetendra Yadav, Ravina Ranjan, Amy E Peden","doi":"10.1017/S1049023X25000020","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1049023X25000020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The human health impacts of disaster are predicted to increase in frequency and severity due to the effects of climate change. This has impacts on all nations, but understanding disaster-related health impacts in highly populous nations, such as India, will help to inform risk preparedness and reduction measures for large proportions of the global population.</p><p><strong>Problem: </strong>Disaster-related human health impacts in India were examined via the use of survey data to inform risk reduction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis of Wave 1 (2017-2018) data from the Longitudinal Aging Study India (LASI) was conducted to explore the impact of both natural and human-induced disasters on the self-reported health of people 45 years and above, as well as their partners (irrespective of age). Descriptive statistics, chi square tests of association, odds ratio, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data by socio-demographics, geographic location, and health concern type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of a total 72,250 respondents, 2,301 (3.5%) reported disaster-related health impacts, of which 90.1% were significant. Rural residents and those with no education were more likely to be affected. Droughts were most commonly responsible for affecting human health (41.7%), followed by floods (24.0%). Two-thirds of the sample reported psychological trauma and one-in-five experienced chronic illness.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The LASI study presents an important first understanding of the self-reported human health impacts of disasters, both natural and human-induced in India. Findings indicate social determinants such as education level and rurality impact risk of disaster-related health impacts, while mental health concerns represent the biggest disaster-related health concern.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future waves of LASI should be examined to determine if human health impacts are increasing due to the effects of climate change, as well as the vulnerability of an aging cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":20400,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital and Disaster Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"402-414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to: Prehospital Surgical Cricothyrotomy in a Ground-Based 9-1-1 EMS System: A Retrospective Review.","authors":"Kaelan Gobeil Odai","doi":"10.1017/S1049023X24000682","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1049023X24000682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20400,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital and Disaster Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"445-446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beibei Li, Pan Zhang, Shuang Xu, Qian Liu, Yannan Ma, Siyi Zhou, Li Xu, Peng Sun
{"title":"Assessment of the Quality of Manual Chest Compressions and Rescuer Fatigue in Different Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Positions.","authors":"Beibei Li, Pan Zhang, Shuang Xu, Qian Liu, Yannan Ma, Siyi Zhou, Li Xu, Peng Sun","doi":"10.1017/S1049023X25000032","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1049023X25000032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Following the 2020 cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines, this study compared participant's fatigue with the quality of manual chest compressions performed in the head-up CPR (HUP-CPR) and supine CPR (SUP-CPR) positions for two minutes on a manikin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Both HUP-CPR and SUP-CPR were performed in a randomized order determined by a lottery-style draw. Manual chest compressions were then performed continuously on a realistic manikin for two minutes in each position, with a 30-minute break between each condition. Data were collected on heart rate, blood pressure, and Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale scores from the participants before and after the compressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean chest compression depth (MCCD), mean chest compression rate (MCCR), accurate chest compression depth ratio (ACCDR), and correct hand position ratio were significantly lower in the HUP group than that in the SUP group. However, there were no significant differences in accurate chest compression rate ratio (ACCRR), correct recoil ratio, or mean arterial pressure (MAP) before and after chest compressions between the two groups. Changes in heart rate and RPE scores were greater in the HUP group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-quality manual chest compressions can still be performed when the CPR manikin is placed in the HUP position. However, the quality of chest compressions in the HUP position was poorer than those in the SUP position, and rescuer fatigue was increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":20400,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital and Disaster Medicine","volume":"39 6","pages":"415-420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeramie B Hanson, John R Williams, Emily H Garmon, Phillip M Morris, Russell K McAllister, William C Culp
{"title":"Novel Pharyngeal Oxygen Delivery Device Provides Superior Oxygenation during Simulated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.","authors":"Jeramie B Hanson, John R Williams, Emily H Garmon, Phillip M Morris, Russell K McAllister, William C Culp","doi":"10.1017/S1049023X24000542","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1049023X24000542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Passive oxygenation with non-rebreather face mask (NRFM) has been used during cardiac arrest as an alternative to positive pressure ventilation (PPV) with bag-valve-mask (BVM) to minimize chest compression disruptions. A dual-channel pharyngeal oxygen delivery device (PODD) was created to open obstructed upper airways and provide oxygen at the glottic opening. It was hypothesized for this study that the PODD can deliver oxygen as efficiently as BVM or NRFM and oropharyngeal airway (OPA) in a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) manikin model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Oxygen concentration was measured in test lungs within a resuscitation manikin. These lungs were modified to mimic physiologic volumes, expansion, collapse, and recoil. Automated compressions were administered. Five trials were performed for each of five arms: (1) CPR with 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio using BVM with 15 liters per minute (LPM) oxygen; continuous compressions with passive oxygenation using (2) NRFM and OPA with 15 LPM oxygen, (3) PODD with 10 LPM oxygen, (4) PODD with 15 LPM oxygen; and (5) control arm with compressions only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean peak oxygen concentrations were: (1) 30:2 CPR with BVM 49.3% (SD = 2.6%); (2) NRFM 47.7% (SD = 0.2%); (3) PODD with 10 LPM oxygen 52.3% (SD = 0.4%); (4) PODD with 15 LPM oxygen 62.7% (SD = 0.3%); and (5) control 21% (SD = 0%). Oxygen concentrations rose rapidly and remained steady with passive oxygenation, unlike 30:2 CPR with BVM, which rose after each ventilation and decreased until the next ventilation cycle (sawtooth pattern, mean concentration 40% [SD = 3%]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Continuous compressions and passive oxygenation with the PODD resulted in higher lung oxygen concentrations than NRFM and BVM while minimizing CPR interruptions in a manikin model.</p>","PeriodicalId":20400,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital and Disaster Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"354-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Updates to Article Categories for Prehospital and Disaster Medicine.","authors":"Jeffrey Michael Franc","doi":"10.1017/S1049023X24000633","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1049023X24000633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For 2025, <i>Prehospital and Disaster Medicine</i> will be updating the available article categories. These changes assure that article categories are better aligned with the recently updated <i>Prehospital and Disaster Medicine</i> mission statement. The updated article categories will facilitate the publication of innovative, high-impact, evidence-based research in both prehospital and Disaster Medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":20400,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital and Disaster Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"321-323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11802202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phebe Tucker, Betty Pfefferbaum, Carol S North, Yan Daniel Zhao, Pascal Nitiema, Rachel Zettl, Haekyung Jeon-Slaughter
{"title":"Learning from Hindsight: Examining Autonomic, Inflammatory, and Endocrine Stress Biomarkers and Mental Health in Healthy Terrorism Survivors Many Years Later.","authors":"Phebe Tucker, Betty Pfefferbaum, Carol S North, Yan Daniel Zhao, Pascal Nitiema, Rachel Zettl, Haekyung Jeon-Slaughter","doi":"10.1017/S1049023X24000360","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1049023X24000360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Terrorism and trauma survivors often experience changes in biomarkers of autonomic, inflammatory and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis assessed at various times. Research suggests interactions of these systems in chronic stress.</p><p><strong>Study objective: </strong>This unprecedented retrospective study explores long-term stress biomarkers in three systems in terrorism survivors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty healthy, direct terrorism survivors were compared to non-exposed community members for cardiovascular reactivity to a trauma script, morning salivary cortisol, interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), and interleukin 2-R (IL-2R). Survivors' biomarkers were correlated with psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses and reported functioning and well-being seven years after the Oklahoma City (OKC) bombing.Main outcome measures were the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) Disaster Supplement for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnoses, Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Distress and Functioning Scale (DAF), and General Physical Well-Being Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Survivors had higher inflammatory IL-1β, lower anti-inflammatory IL-2R, lower cortisol, higher resting diastolic blood pressure (BP), and less cardiovascular reactivity to a trauma script than comparisons. Survivors' mean posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom levels did not differ from comparisons, but survivors reported worse well-being. None of survivors' biomarkers correlated with PTS or depressive symptoms or diagnoses or reported functioning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alterations of biological stress measures in cardiovascular, inflammatory, and cortisol systems coexisted as an apparent generalized long-term response to terrorism rather than related to specific gauges of mental health. Potential interactions of biomarkers long after trauma exposure is discussed considering relevant research. Longer-term follow-up could determine whether biomarkers continue to differ or correlate with subjective measures, or if they accompany health problems over time. Given recent international terrorism, understanding long-term sequelae among direct survivors is increasingly relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":20400,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital and Disaster Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"335-343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11802201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}