Carlsbad Region (New Mexico and West Texas)最新文献

{"title":"Supplemental road log 2: From junction of NM-137 and Sitting Bull Falls road to Salt Flat graben, via Queen, west Guadalupe Rim, El Paso Gap, Dog Canyon and Crow Flats","authors":"D. Love, J. Hawley","doi":"10.56577/ffc-44.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-44.99","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":203655,"journal":{"name":"Carlsbad Region (New Mexico and West Texas)","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126884473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence stratigraphic framework of the upper San Andres Formation and equivalent basinal strata in the Brokeoff Mountains, Otero County, New Mexico","authors":"W. M. Fitchen","doi":"10.56577/ffc-44.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-44.185","url":null,"abstract":"_____ The upper San Andres Formation, upper Cutoff Formation and Cherry Canyon Tongue (Permian, Guadalupian) in the southern Brokeoff Mountains comprise two mixed siliciclastic-carbonate, intermediate- order (high-frequency) sequences on the basis of observed seismic-scale stratal geometries. integrated with detailed facies and high-order cycle stacking pattern analysis. These sequences are correlative to the two upper San Andres high-frequency sequences (GI2 and G13) of Kerans et al. (this volume) and can be traced throughout the Brokeoff Mountains and along the Algerita Escarpment. Each sequence contains a largely basinally restricted, siliciclastic-dominated lowstand to transgressive systems tract, the updip part of which can be correlated to one or more sandstone-based carbonate cycles on its respective platform. The transgressive systems tracts are downlapped along the slope by clinoformal carbonate and mixed carbonate-siliciclastic strata of their overlying progradational highstand systems tracts. The G I2 lowstand to transgressive systems tract onlaps the slope of the underlying G4 highstand and is provisionally correlated to the uppermost Brushy Canyon Formation on the basis of its stratigraphic position in the basin, i.e., within meters of the top of the Cutoff Formation, because its basal platform facies tracts are offset approximately 8 km basinward relative to similar facies tracts in the underlying sequence and due to the presence of a widespread karst profile that underlies the unit on the platform. The GI2 highstand systems tract is composed of sigmoidal carbonate clinoform cycles that can be traced from the peritidal ramp crest facies tract to the subtidal toe-of-slope facies tract. These cycles prograded the platform margin about 0.5 km. The sequence boundary at the top of GI2 is marked by minor erosional scour and stratal truncation along the outer shelf and slope. The G13 lowstand to transgressive systems tract onlaps the G12 highstand slope. It is definitively correlated to the lower two-thirds of the Cherry Canyon Tongue and provisionally correlated to the Lovington sandstones of the subsurface. The GI3 highstand is composed of sigmoid- progradational carbonate cycles that prograded the platform margin about I km and sigmoid- to oblique-progradational, mixed carbonate-siliciclastic cycles that prograded the margin an additional 5 to 6 km. The G I3 highstand is capped by a sequence boundary with minor erosion and stratal toplap along the outer 1-2 km of the platform and local karst development further landward. Paleocaverns and grikes within the karst profile extend downward as much as 30 m below the sequence boundary, which suggests a minimum relative sea level fall of similar magnitude. of deposition along the outer ramp, ramp margin and slope. The toe-of-slope/basin facies tract consists of gently basinward dip- ping strata composed of allodapic peloid, skeletal and ooid grainstone to packstone, carbonate breccia to megabre","PeriodicalId":203655,"journal":{"name":"Carlsbad Region (New Mexico and West Texas)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133332620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic geology of the Carlsbad potash district, New Mexico","authors":"J. Hawley, Kues, G. S. Austin","doi":"10.56577/ffc-44.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-44.283","url":null,"abstract":"—New Mexico produced 83% of domestic potash and 27% of domestic consumption in 1992. Fertilizer used 95% of U.S. production; 5% was used in chemicals. The potash industry of New Mexico produces sylvite (KCI), langbeinite (K 2 SO42Mg(SO4) 2 ) and artificial K 2 50 4 . Sylvite grade in New Mexico decreased from 20-25% K 2 0 in the 1950s to about 14% today. The average grade of langbeinite (first produced in 1940) remains 8-10% K 2 0. Reserves in the Known Potash Leasing Area (KPLA) will sustain production for 25 to 35 years and represent 57% of domestic reserves. Potash horizons extend far outside the KPLA, but none are economic. Commercial potash occurs in the middle or McNutt Member of the Salado Formation (Upper Permian Ochoan Stage). The potash distribution in the Salado is asymmetrical, suggesting a reflux model related to a bar-restricted marine embayment with dense brine underflow toward the bar. The dominantly seawater brine was magnesium-rich, producing primary carnallite or polyhalite, later recycled into the modern complex salt assemblage. The 400–ft-thick McNutt Member dips about I° east and contains 11 of 12 potential ore zones in the Salado. Potash zones are 3-10 ft thick and contain minable sylvite and/or langbeinite, together with halite and accessory minerals. The zones are consistent laterally, but are locally interrupted by barren halite (salt horses) formed later by undersaturated migrating fluids. Room-and-pillar mining, with pulled pillars, recovers >90% of the potash from depths ranging from 885 to 1400 ft by continuous-mining coal equipment or drilling and blasting. Beneficiation is by various separation, flotation, crystallization, leaching and heavy-media circuits optimized for each ore. The mineralogy and proportion of clay minerals, up to 7% of the ore, influence optimum milling procedures and ore grade cutoff. Agriculture, petroleum and nuclear waste disposal affect production of potash from southeastern New Mexico. Agricultural demand for fertilizer is a complex interaction between weather and climate, advances in crop genetics, soil science, farming practices, GNP of importing nations, farm income, population growth, efficient distribution systems, freight rates and backhauls, substitutes, taxes and tariffs. Petroleum companies compete for petroleum under potash and the Waste Isolation Pilot Project (WIPP) led to withdrawal of potash reserves.","PeriodicalId":203655,"journal":{"name":"Carlsbad Region (New Mexico and West Texas)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128504158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Middle-late Proterozoic extension in the Carlsbad region of southeastern New Mexico and west Texas","authors":"D. Adams, M. Ouimette, F. Moreno","doi":"10.56577/ffc-44.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-44.137","url":null,"abstract":"—Extensive bimodal igneous activity occurred in the Middle Proterozoic of North America, affecting areas of Arizona, California, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and Wisconsin. We discuss the portion of this activity affecting west Texas and eastern New Mexico. Igneous intrusions formed in west Texas and New Mexico between 1215-1074 Ma. These bodies are exposed or have been penetrated by drilling in the Central Basin platform, Franklin Mountains, Van Horn uplift, Pajarito Mountain and Devils River uplift. Information from previous studies of Precambrian outcrops and wells drilled to the Precambrian are combined with gravity maps to produce a picture of Middle Proterozoic activity in this region. This picture shows that igneous activity occurred in two areas coincident with the Debaca-Swisher terrain and the Delaware aulacogen. The bimodal igneous activity suggests extension. This igneous activity was in part coincident with formation of the Midcontinent rift system and Grenville age tectonic events in Texas. Further geologic and geophysical studies are necessary to understand the Middle Proterozoic of the region and its relationship to Middle Proterozoic tectonics.","PeriodicalId":203655,"journal":{"name":"Carlsbad Region (New Mexico and West Texas)","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116576697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratigraphy, paleontology and correlation of lower Cretaceous exposures in southeastern New Mexico","authors":"J. Hawley, Kues, G. S. Austin","doi":"10.56577/ffc-44.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-44.245","url":null,"abstract":"— In southeastern New Mexico, limited isolated outcrops of Lower Cretaceous strata occur at Lee Ranch, the Black River valley, North Lake and near several of the peaks of the Cornudas Mountains. Preliminary study of these strata has resulted in a better understanding of their stratigraphic and paleontological relationships with better known Lower Cretaceous units to the south (west Texas), west (Cerro de Cristo Rey) and north (east-central New Mexico). Most of these outliers are less than 20 m thick, but the section on the east slope of Washburn Mountain includes more than 130 m of Fredericksburg- and Washita-age (Albian) strata. Both the Campagrande Formation and a relatively thick (41 m) sequence of Cox Sandstone—formations prominent in west Texas—are recognized in the Cornudas Mountains. Overlying middle-upper Washita strata consist of a massive nodular limestone unit and a slope-forming shale/siltstone/calcarenite unit above it. These appear to be eastern outcrops of the Muleros and Mesilla Valley formations, respectively, of Cerro de Cristo Rey. The Muleros-equivalent limestone contains an abundant and diverse fauna, consisting mainly of bivalves (especially a small form of Texigryphaea having affinities to both T. pitcheri and T. washitaensis), gastropods and echinoids. The overlying (Mesilla Valley) shale at the Lee Ranch locality contains the foraminifer Cribratina texana and a small, coiled oyster transitional between Exogyra plexa and I Imatogyra arietina. These faunas, present at Lee Ranch, Cornudas Mountains and Black River valley, are quite similar to faunas of correlative units in west Texas and at Cerro de Cristo Rey and represent the Albian Caribbean faunal province. The North Lake exposure, in contrast, is lithologically similar to the Tucumcari Formation of east-central New Mexico and bears a low-diversity fauna characterized by large numbers of Texigryphaea pitcheri, sparse Ceratostreon texana and Lopha quadriplicata and no echinoids. Strata connecting the Albian outcrops along the New Mexico–Texas border and the North Lake exposure (northern Lea County) are not present on the surface or in the subsurface, thus precluding study of the transition between these two faunas. Tertiary-Qua- ternary sediments without on-site field inspection, additional localities probably will be discovered in the future. Much work remains to be done on the paleontology of Lower Cretaceous marine units in southern New Mexico and west Texas. Systematic studies of relatively few elements of the west Texas faunas have been published and the paleontology of the well exposed, fossiliferous, lithologically heterogeneous sequence at Cerro de Cristo Rey was last comprehensively treated in 1910, by Bose. A more detailed study of the marine faunas of the southeastern New Mexico Lower Cretaceous localities is in preparation; here, only a few of the most common and biostratigraphically important taxa are noted and illustrated. All specimens are catalogued into t","PeriodicalId":203655,"journal":{"name":"Carlsbad Region (New Mexico and West Texas)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129787018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental sulfur in caves of the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico","authors":"K. I. Cunningham, H. Duchene, C. Spirakis","doi":"10.56577/ffc-44.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-44.129","url":null,"abstract":"Elemental (native) sulfur occurs in at least three caves in the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico, including Carlsbad Cavern, Cottonwood Cave and Lechuguilla Cave. Sulfur in Carlsbad Cavern has been found at four sites. The sulfur is typically finely crystalline and occurs as sprays, rosettes or crusts that overlie late stage speleothems or bedrock. However, the sites in Cottonwood Cave are significantly different: a ceiling bound, multi-ton, massive deposit has a waxy luster and conchoidal fracture, whereas a nearby, smaller floor deposit is granular and admixed with massive gypsum. The three largest known deposits in Lechuguilla Cave are multi-ton accumulations. Massive to slightly vuggy deposits occur in the lower part of the cave and plate like, vuggy deposits are found in higher parts of the cave. The well preserved relationship between the gypsum and sulfur in Lechuguilla Cave suggests that the sulfur was deposited inside preexisting gypsum masses. Lechuguilla Cave may contain more sulfur and related secondary gypsum than all other known caves in the world combined.","PeriodicalId":203655,"journal":{"name":"Carlsbad Region (New Mexico and West Texas)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133060875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratigraphy of the Permian-Triassic boundary in southeastern New Mexico and west Texas","authors":"S. Lucas, O. J. Anderson","doi":"10.56577/ffc-44.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-44.219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract ________ At the Permian-Triassic boundary everywhere in west Texas and southeastern New Mexico, Upper Permian (late Ochoan = Changxingian), or older Guadalupian strata are overlain by Upper Triassic (late Carnian = Tuvalian) strata. The youngest Upper Permian strata are the Quartermaster Formation ( = Pierce Canyon red beds = Dewey Lake Formation); the Late Permian age of the Quartermaster is verified by invertebrate fossils, magnetostratigraphy and K-Ar ages. Vertebrate fossils document the late Carnian age of overlying Triassic strata of the Santa Rosa Formation and Camp Springs Member of the Dockum Formation. No Lower or Middle Triassic strata are present in southeastern New Mexico and west Texas. The Permian-Triassic boundary in this area thus is a major unconformity that encompasses at least 25 million years. Because the Permian-Triassic boundary in southeastern New Mexico and west Texas is bracketed by nonmarine siliciclastic red beds, it has often been incorrectly placed. Upper Permian Strata are distinguished by being brick-red, not variegated, texturally and mineralogically relatively mature, ripple-laminar to laminar and unfossiliferous, whereas Upper Triassic strata are grayish red, variegated texturally and mineralogically relatively immature, trough-crossbedded and fossiliferous. We describe 12 reference points in southeastern New Mexico and west Texas where the Permian-Triassic boundary is well exposed.","PeriodicalId":203655,"journal":{"name":"Carlsbad Region (New Mexico and West Texas)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132971314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Triassic vertebrates from the Dockum Formation near Otis Chalk, Howard County, Texas","authors":"S. Lucas, A. Hunt, R. Kahle","doi":"10.56577/ffc-44.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-44.237","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil vertebrates from the Otis Chalk area of Howard County, Texas represent a diverse fauna of fishes, amphibians and reptiles. These fossils are from the Iatan Member of the Upper Triassic Dockum Formation. The presence of the phytosaur Paleorhinus indicates a late Carnian (early Tuvalian) age for the vertebrate fauna.","PeriodicalId":203655,"journal":{"name":"Carlsbad Region (New Mexico and West Texas)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116583728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-scale structures in the Guadalupe Mountains region: Implication for Laramide stress trends in the Permian Basin","authors":"J. Erdlac","doi":"10.56577/ffc-44.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-44.167","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous small-scale structures exist in the Guadalupe Mountains region that can be interpreted as Laramide in age. These structures, observed in the Bell Canyon Formation, include tectonic stylolites and associated veins, slickensided thrust and strike-slip faults, and local folding. Within the Guadalupe Mountains, northeast-southwest compression is identified by tectonic stylolite teeth and thrust fault slickensides in Pine Spring Canyon at N28°E and N31 ° E, respectively. Northward in the McKittrick Canyon region, tectonic stylolite teeth change in trend to N38 ° E. Eastward in the Delaware Basin a further change in stress field trend is identified from slickensides trending N42°E on a thrust fault. This evidence for northeast-southwest compression is consistent with the trend of Laramide compression found elsewhere in Trans-Pecos Texas. trending N42°E. Several small calcite veins were oriented at N48 ° E, 87°NW. The trends of the slickensides","PeriodicalId":203655,"journal":{"name":"Carlsbad Region (New Mexico and West Texas)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121766650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site selection and characterization of the Sand Point landfill site, Eddy County, New Mexico","authors":"D. W. Powers, M. Magee","doi":"10.56577/ffc-44.353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-44.353","url":null,"abstract":"—Two landfills in southern Eddy County have been closed and the remaining landfill is expected to be closed by about mid-I994. Several sites and locations for a new landfill near Carlsbad have been examined and the Sand Point site (NW 1 / 4 sec. I 1, T2 IS, R28E) east of Carlsbad was selected for characterization. Four deeper drill holes were converted to hydrological observation wells after obtaining geological samples. Ground water depths range from about 168 ft to 222 ft below the surface. Five shallower boreholes (140 to 150 ft) were drilled to verify the geology of the interior of the site and that ground water would be more than 100 ft below the base of a landfill. Surface features show minor drainage along the southeastern corner of the site. The Mescalero caliche underlies soil from the Serino series and elongate fields of coppice dunes. The Plio(?)-Pleistocene Gatuňa Formation is nearly 300 ft thick in drill holes at the site and is underlain by the Permian Dewey Lake Formation. The Dewey Lake may be somewhat thicker under the site because of subsidence before Gatuňa erosion. The Dewey Lake– Gatuňa relationships may indicate erosion and valley fill. Sand Point meets siting criteria in New Mexico Environment Department regulations. Some additional hydrological work is expected at the site and a permit will be sought during 1993.","PeriodicalId":203655,"journal":{"name":"Carlsbad Region (New Mexico and West Texas)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129041481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}