Polar Biology最新文献

{"title":"Short- and long-term plant and microbial uptake of 15N-labelled urea in a mesic tundra heath, West Greenland","authors":"Hélène Barthelemy, Liv Alexa Nobel, Sari Stark, Maria Väisänen, Johan Olofsson, Anders Michelsen","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03209-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03209-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Terrestrial animals are key elements in the cycling of elements in the Arctic where nutrient availability is low. Waste production by herbivores, in particular urine deposition, has a crucial role for nitrogen (N) recycling, still, it remains largely unexplored. Also, experimental evidence is biased toward short-term studies and Arctic regions under high herbivore pressure. In this study, we aimed to examine the fate of N derived from urine in a nutrient poor tundra heath in West Greenland, with historical low level of herbivory. We performed a pulse labelling with 15 N-urea over the plant canopy and explored ecosystem N partition and retention in the short-term (2 weeks and 1 year) and longer-term (5 years). We found that all vascular plants, irrespective of their traits, could rapidly take up N-urea, but mosses and lichens were even more efficient. Total 15 N enrichment was severely reduced for all plants 5 years after tracer addition, with the exception of cryptogams, indicating that non-vascular plants constituted a long-term sink of 15 N-urea. The 15 N recovery was also high in the litter suggesting high N immobilization in this layer, potentially delaying the nutrients from urine entering the soil compartment. Long-term 15 N recovery in soil microbial biomass was minimal, but as much as 30% of added 15 N remained in the non-microbial fraction after 5 years. Our results demonstrate that tundra plants that have evolved under low herbivory pressure are well adapted to quickly take advantage of labile urea, with urine having only a transient effect on soil nutrient availability.","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"75 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/Pre-B Cell Colony-enhancing Factor/Visfatin in preventing High Glucose-induced Neurotoxicity in an In-vitro Model of Diabetic Neuropathy.","authors":"Sarvin Jahanbani, Mehdi Khaksari, Fatemeh Sadat Bitaraf, Majid Rahmati, Kobra Foroughi, Asghar Shayannia","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.2870.2","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2021.2870.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetic neuropathy is a well-known complication of diabetes. Recently, hyperglycemia-induced toxicity has been confirmed to participates in multiple cellular pathways typical for neural deterioration. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase/pre-b cell colony-enhancing factor (Nampt/PBEF)/visfatin is a novel endogenous ligand that some studies have shown its neuroprotective effects on neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that visfatin may prevent high glucose (HG)-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses properly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, pheochromocytoma cell line 12 (PC12) cells were exposed to both HG concentrations (50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mM) and visfatin (50, 100, 150 ng/mL) at different time -points to determine the optimum time and dose of glucose and visfatin. To investigate the effects of visfatin on HG-induced damage in the PC12 diabetic neuropathy model, we examined ROS response, apoptosis, and autophagy using ROS detection kit, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR/Western blot, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We determined that HG concentration significantly increased the ROS level and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells. However, visfatin treatment significantly decreased the ROS production (P<0.05) and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells (P<0.0001). Beclin-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level (P<0.05) and light chain 3 (Lc3)-II protein level (P<0.05) showed that the autophagy pathway is impaired by HG concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We concluded that visfatin can sufficiently decrease neural damage caused by ROS production and apoptosis under HG-induced toxicity.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>High glucose significantly increased the ROS level and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells;The autophagy pathway is impaired by high glucose;Nampt/PBEF/visfatin can significantly reduce neural damage caused by ROS production and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from a failure in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Visfatin (Nampt/PBEF) has insulin-mimetic effects. So far, no study has assessed its effects on diabetic neuropathy. Therefore, we examined the neuroprotective effects of visfatin on cell line 12 (PC12) against glucose-induced neurotoxicity. Based on the results, it was concluded that the Nampt/PBEF/visfatin can significantly reduce neural damage caused by production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cell.</p>","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"36 1","pages":"867-878"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73573770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sponges (Porifera) from the Ross Sea (Southern Ocean) with taxonomic and molecular re-description of two uncommon species","authors":"Gabriele Costa, Angelina Lo Giudice, Maria Papale, Carmen Rizzo, Maurizio Azzaro, Alice Guzzi, Marco Grillo, Marco Bertolino","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03205-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03205-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"26 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild Mountain reindeer Rangifer tarandus tarandus winter foraging: snow-free areas a key resource for feeding","authors":"Marijanne Holtan, Olav Strand, Leif Kastdalen, Dag K. Bjerketvedt, Arvid Odland, Roland Pape, Jan Heggenes","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03204-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03204-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In a landscape with patchily distributed forage resources, an animal’s distribution may reflect the distribution of the resources if the population is forage-limited in time or space. This may be particularly explicit in climatically extreme and seasonally variable environments, notably alpine and polar environments during winter. Sustainable management considers the amount of available alpine ground lichen in winter as a predictor of carrying capacity for the last remaining populations of wild European Mountain reindeer Rangifer tarandus tarandus in alpine environments in South Norway. Ground lichen growth is constrained to elevated, wind-blown, snow-free ridges. However, wild Mountain reindeer also persist in areas providing little lichen resources. Our alternative functional hypothesis is that the critical resource is the amount of snow-free feeding areas during winter, which provide direct access to forage, likely to be energy-profitable regardless of the type of vegetation. We sampled animal-borne videos from wild Mountain reindeer during maximum accumulation of snow in late winter/spring, in three contrasting areas providing variable amounts of ground lichen and alternative vegetation resources. Direct observations of reindeer foraging via videos document an active selection and strong preference for feeding on snow-free patches, regardless of type of vegetation. Active ‘cratering’ in snow was not observed. In contrast, walking behaviours occurred much more frequently across snow-covered areas. Remote sensing data and analyses corroborated these observations. In the sustainable management of wild Mountain reindeer amounts of vegetated snow-free areas is an important functional predictor of winter carrying capacity.","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"111 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135512162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensive microphytobenthos mats of invasive Vaucheria aff. compacta and abiotic environmental factors influencing its abundance in Adventfjorden tidal flat, Svalbard","authors":"Claude-Eric Souquieres, Jana Kvíderová, Josef Elster","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03203-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03203-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical review and contribution to the knowledge of Amythas membranifera (Ampharetidae): an integrative perspective of an Antarctic polychaete","authors":"Orlemir Carrerette, Mônica A. V. Petti, Dong-U. Kim, Sandra Bromberg, Gilberto Bergamo, Paulo Y. G. Sumida, In-Young Ahn","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03202-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03202-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recruitment dynamics of Hiatella arctica within a high Arctic site (Young Sound Fjord, NE Greenland)","authors":"Delphine Veillard, Réjean Tremblay, Mikael K. Sejr, Laurent Chauvaud, Emmanuelle Cam, Frédéric Olivier","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03201-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03201-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135590507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of aerial survey density estimates of bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) in the Canadian Arctic highlights important knowledge gaps and research needs","authors":"Matthew Fuirst, Steven H. Ferguson, Jeff W. Higdon, Brent G. Young, Ellen V. Lea, William R. Koski, David J. Yurkowski","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03200-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03200-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There has been significant sea ice loss in the Arctic as a result of climate change, with measurable impacts on available habitat for ice-obligate marine mammals. Bearded seals ( Erignathus barbatus ) have a circumpolar distribution and primarily inhabit coastal areas of shallower depths with seasonal pack ice cover. However, there is limited information and no formal estimates on population abundance and densities of bearded seals within Canada. Here, we review historic field reports and publications from aerial surveys conducted from 1974 to 2022 to compile the density and abundance estimates of bearded seals across Canadian waters. Aerial surveys for marine mammals have been flown in several areas across the Canadian Arctic, including the Beaufort Sea (1974–2006), Canadian High Arctic (1979–2022), Baffin Bay-Davis Strait (1979–2014), and the Hudson Complex (1994–2017). After reviewing all published data sources, we report that the density of bearded seals in Canada were highest (and highly variable) in the Beaufort Sea (0.01–8.68 seals*km −2 ), then in Baffin Bay-Davis Strait (0.004–8.3 seals*km −2 ), and lowest and less variable inter-annually in the Hudson Complex (0.02 to 0.12 seals*km −2 ) at the time of these surveys. We also determined that bearded seals are more often found in areas of patchy ice cover (50–75%) with shallow water depths ≤ 500 m. Further, this review identifies regions within the Canadian Arctic and sub-Arctic that require updated aerial survey information. Quantifying the abundance and density estimates of bearded seals in Canada is essential for monitoring population status over time to better understand how this species is responding to environmental variation from anthropogenic activity and climate change.","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135386679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incubation behaviour of Arctic (Sterna paradisaea) and Antarctic (Sterna vittata) terns under disturbance by humans and predators","authors":"Tereza Hromádková, Václav Pavel, Karel Weidinger","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03199-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03199-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pack-ice seals contribute to biological transfers of iron in the Southern Ocean","authors":"Lola Gilbert, Jérôme Spitz, Tiphaine Jeanniard-du-Dot","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03198-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03198-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}