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Status of Alkaline-surfactant Flooding 碱性表面活性剂驱油研究现状
Polymer science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9935.100006
J. Sheng
{"title":"Status of Alkaline-surfactant Flooding","authors":"J. Sheng","doi":"10.4172/2471-9935.100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9935.100006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an update on the status of alkaline-surfactant flooding technology. It covers the following topics: • Phase behavior of the mixture of soap and surfactant • Synergy of an AS system • Technical screening criteria • Laboratory and simulation work • Summary of AS field projects • Alkali and surfactant used • Study of AS application in heavy oil reservoirs • New development in China • Further discussions The data and analysis presented in this paper will provide readers with updated information about alkaline-surfacant flooding. Survey data will provide operators with reference data for their project design and optimization.","PeriodicalId":20346,"journal":{"name":"Polymer science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74943611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Using Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC)based Devices for Naked-eye Sensing of Thiocyanate Ion (SCN-) 基于离子聚合物金属复合材料(IPMC)器件的硫氰酸盐离子(SCN-)裸眼传感
Polymer science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9935.100008
D. Chatterjee
{"title":"Using Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC)based Devices for Naked-eye Sensing of Thiocyanate Ion (SCN-)","authors":"D. Chatterjee","doi":"10.4172/2471-9935.100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9935.100008","url":null,"abstract":"This work introduces the concept of a novel thiocyanate ion (SCN-) detecting device. We show proof-of-principle of the device, namely IPMC film prepared by surface modification of the ionic-polymer film. In this work, naked-eye detection of thiocyanate ion (SCN-) by using iron exchanged ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) strip has been achieved. It was successfully applied to direct determination of thiocyanate at micro-molar level in water samples. The response time of the sensor in whole concentration ranges is very short (<10 s). The response of the sensor is independent on the pH range of 2-10.","PeriodicalId":20346,"journal":{"name":"Polymer science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85115594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
3D Pharming: Direct Printing of Personalized Pharmaceutical Tablets 3D制药:个性化药物片剂的直接打印
Polymer science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9935.100011
Giovanny F Acosta-Vélez, Benjamin M. Wu
{"title":"3D Pharming: Direct Printing of Personalized Pharmaceutical Tablets","authors":"Giovanny F Acosta-Vélez, Benjamin M. Wu","doi":"10.4172/2471-9935.100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9935.100011","url":null,"abstract":"Personalized medicine aims to tailor drug combination and dosage manufacturing to the specific needs of a patient by taking into consideration its genetic profile, phenotypic response, and pathophysiology. New technologies are needed to enable the rapid manufacturing of custom pharmaceutical tablets in a scalable manner, while meeting quality assurance regulatory standards. 3D Pharming, the use of 3D Printing to directly fabricate personalized pharmaceutical tablets, is under intense development by many investigators due to its unprecedented control for: 1) stability of multiple drugs within a pill; 2) precise dose of each drug; and 3) release kinetics of each component by incorporating designed structures that can modulate dissolution and diffusion profiles. Additionally, it has the potential to scale in order to meet the economics and quality that the pharmaceutical industry demands. This article reviews the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets through powder bed inkjet 3D printing and fused deposition modelling, the two 3D printing techniques with the greatest progress towards personalized pharmaceutical tablets. The engineering of pills through these two methods, featuring varied dissolution profiles, chemical complexions, dosages, and multiple drugs incorporation, is thoroughly discussed.","PeriodicalId":20346,"journal":{"name":"Polymer science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82961672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Temperature Responsive Hydrogels: Construction and Applications 温度响应水凝胶:结构和应用
Polymer science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9935.100003
Junqiu Liu, Yanzhen Yin
{"title":"Temperature Responsive Hydrogels: Construction and Applications","authors":"Junqiu Liu, Yanzhen Yin","doi":"10.4172/2471-9935.100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9935.100003","url":null,"abstract":"Responsive hydrogels have attracted researcher’s special attentions. Up to now, a wide variety of responsive hydrogels are continuously constructed and the responsive mechanisms are deeply investigated. Typically, versatile responsive hydrogels with pH responsive, temperature responsive, light responsive properties are constructed. In this item, temperature responsive hydrogels received much attention and were also extensive investigated. The construction methods, responsive mechanism and related applications of the temperature responsive hydrogels may provide a significant guide in the redesign and application of responsive hydrogels.","PeriodicalId":20346,"journal":{"name":"Polymer science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86520357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Synthesis, Characterizations, and Properties of a P3HTHeminCovalent System for Solar Energy Conversions 太阳能转换用p3hthemin共价体系的合成、表征及性能研究
Polymer science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9935.100009
Dan Wang, Sam S. Sun
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterizations, and Properties of a P3HTHeminCovalent System for Solar Energy Conversions","authors":"Dan Wang, Sam S. Sun","doi":"10.4172/2471-9935.100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9935.100009","url":null,"abstract":"Organic solar cells based on conjugated materials have widely been studied as potential renewable and low-cost alternatives for future solar energy conversions. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the best organic solar cells-bulk heterojunction (BHJ) cell reached to about 10%. However, there is room for improvements. In this study, we intend to address the critical “photon loss” problem and the germinate charge carriers recombination problem via an energy level matched dye molecular units sensitized polymer approach, i.e., a “three-component” approach. Specifically, a covalent P3HT-Hemin system was synthesized and characterized successfully via esterification between HO/HOP3HT and Hemin. The optoelectronic performance of P3HT-Hemin/PCBM cell is improved over the corresponding simple blend system, and this can be attributed to both improved photon capture and reduced charge recombination.","PeriodicalId":20346,"journal":{"name":"Polymer science","volume":"263 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83191426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tuning the Mechanical Properties of Tapioca Starch by Plasticizers, Inorganic Fillers and Agrowaste-Based Fillers 增塑剂、无机填料和农用废弃物填料对木薯淀粉力学性能的调节
Polymer science Pub Date : 2012-06-13 DOI: 10.5402/2012/463298
Edwin Azwar, M. Hakkarainen
{"title":"Tuning the Mechanical Properties of Tapioca Starch by Plasticizers, Inorganic Fillers and Agrowaste-Based Fillers","authors":"Edwin Azwar, M. Hakkarainen","doi":"10.5402/2012/463298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/463298","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical properties of tapioca starch-based films were tuned by different additives and additive combinations. The additives included plasticizers (glycerol, sorbitol, and citric acid), inorganic fillers (halloysite and kaolin), and agrowaste-based fillers (milled wood flour and rice bran). In addition, new biobased additives were prepared from wood flour and rice bran through liquefaction reaction. Through different additive combinations, starch-based materials with significant differences in tensile properties were designed. Addition of halloysite nanoclay resulted in materials with improved tensile strength at break and rather low strain at break. The effect of kaolin on tensile strength was highly dependent on the used plasticizer. However, in most combinations the addition of kaolin resulted in materials with intermediate tensile strength and strain at break values. The addition of milled wood flour and rice bran improved the tensile strength, while the addition of liquefied fillers especially liquefied rice bran increased the strain at break indicating that liquefied rice bran could have potential as a plasticizer for starch blends.","PeriodicalId":20346,"journal":{"name":"Polymer science","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79949237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
1 H NMR Spectroscopic Investigation of the Dynamics of Director Rotation in Comb-Shaped Liquid Crystal Polymers 梳状液晶聚合物中导向器旋转动力学的1h NMR研究
Polymer science Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/9789814354271_0006
E. Barmatov, L. Stroganov, R. Talroze, V. Shibaev, N. Platé
{"title":"1 H NMR Spectroscopic Investigation of the Dynamics of Director Rotation in Comb-Shaped Liquid Crystal Polymers","authors":"E. Barmatov, L. Stroganov, R. Talroze, V. Shibaev, N. Platé","doi":"10.1142/9789814354271_0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814354271_0006","url":null,"abstract":"Wide-line 1 H NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the kinetics of director rotation in the comb-shaped nematic polymer [CH 2 CH(COOR)] n (R= (CH 2 ) 4 OPhPhCN).The director rotation was found to conform to the following general features: the experimentally observed kinetics of director reorientation was interpreted in terms of the monodomain model; coefficients of rotational viscosity versus temperature plots were satisfactorily described by the Arrhenius equation with abnormally high activation energies; activation energy increased with an increase in polymer chain length; the rotational viscosity coefficient was related to polymer chain length via an exponential dependence; and an increase in temperature was accompanied by a linear increase of the exponent from 0.9 to 2.2","PeriodicalId":20346,"journal":{"name":"Polymer science","volume":"17 1","pages":"183-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74330803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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