{"title":"Gendering Everyday Violence and Seguridad across Spaces","authors":"M. C. Alcalde","doi":"10.5622/ILLINOIS/9780252041846.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/ILLINOIS/9780252041846.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter is not the political violence and economic insecurity in the 1980s and 1990s in Peru that motivated many to leave that receives sustained attention but the more mundane forms of verbal violence, street sexual harassment, and everyday anxieties that shape interactions with partners and children among return migrants that is central. The chapter explores relationships within the family as well as migrants’ behaviors and experiences in public spaces as these are informed by concerns about violence and security. We read about the ways in which safety is gendered, and a major concern for return migrants.","PeriodicalId":202790,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Lives across Borders","volume":"73 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114111257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Privilege, Racialization, and Exclusionary Cosmopolitanism in Transnational Trajectories","authors":"M. C. Alcalde","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces exclusionary cosmopolitanism as a theoretical framework for approaching transnational Peruvian identities. Within transnational Peruvian and more specifically limeño spaces cosmopolitan belonging is often shaped by existing hierarchies: some migrants belong, others are denied inclusion by middle and upper- class limeños. The chapter examines racialization and racial hierarchies in Peru, particularly in Lima, and the construction and treatment of indigenous internal migrants as the historically inferior other for middle and upper-class limeños. It brings into the discussion of cosmopolitan belonging how processes of racialization and othering also impact and are reinforced by international migrants, who had previously considered themselves to be part of the unmarked privileged middle and upper- classes.","PeriodicalId":202790,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Lives across Borders","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131845152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transnational Lives","authors":"M. C. Alcalde","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter draws the reader into everyday transnational experiences and the role of exclusion in Peruvian racial-class-gender hierarchies. It introduces the main themes and concepts of the book, its methodological approaches, and research locations: Peru, the United States, Canada, and Germany. It also presents the main topical and theoretical concepts and trajectories within the book: home and belonging, exclusion, return, intersectionality, exclusionary cosmopolitanism, and transnational lives.","PeriodicalId":202790,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Lives across Borders","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124565166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heteronormativity, Homophobia, and Home","authors":"M. C. Alcalde","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on quotidian technologies of exclusion against migrants who identify as gay, lesbian, and bisexual. Drawing on interviews, newspapers, ordinances and bills, novels, and field notes, the chapter underscore how forms of exclusion, violence, and insecurity can undergird and even define belonging in the context of return. I also examine how Peruvian migrant groups outside Peru may reinforce exclusionary practices. I suggest that LGB individuals may find themselves in the difficult position of accepting violence against them--homophobic practices, jokes, and discrimination--in order to be at home with their families, in their homeland, and within immigrant communities, which leads to exclusion and rightlessness in everyday life.","PeriodicalId":202790,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Lives across Borders","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132104919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Taste of Home","authors":"M. Alcalde","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter invites us to reflect on some of the forms of exclusion and privilege examined in earlier chapters in the more mundane yet increasingly central space of food in constructions of Peruvianness. It discusses how a new, cosmopolitan image of Peruvians that comes out of recent nation-branding projects and culinary representations legitimizes the privileges and high social status middle and upper-class transnational Peruvians seek to maintain abroad. Rather than unite Peruvians across class differences, the gastronomic boom and its manifestations in practice reinforce social hierarchies in which middle and upper-class transnational Peruvians are at the top--therefore also reflecting the sort of exclusionary cosmopolitanism is argued is central to middle and upper-class Peruvian lives.","PeriodicalId":202790,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Lives across Borders","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128317935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gendering Return","authors":"M. C. Alcalde","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces return in the Peruvian middle-class context before moving on to more specifically examine everyday gendered and class intricacies for women throughout their migration trajectories. It focuses in particular on the role and absence of domestic servants in middle-class women’s lives, and the roles women embrace, resist, and re-negotiate both outside Peru and after returning as well as on women’s experiences of autonomy and their professional lives as these are impacted by migration trajectories","PeriodicalId":202790,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Lives across Borders","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123479309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Persistent Hierarchies and Transnational Lives","authors":"M. C. Alcalde","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The concluding chapter reiterates the more prominent threads throughout the book. It further examines the processes of exclusion at the heart of Peruvian racial-gender-class hierarchies in the realm of migration and return migration.","PeriodicalId":202790,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Lives across Borders","volume":"16 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120918854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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