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Science in a World of Politics 政治世界中的科学
Danish Yearbook of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10057
Jan Faye
{"title":"Science in a World of Politics","authors":"Jan Faye","doi":"10.1163/24689300-bja10057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689300-bja10057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The present article discusses scientific research in relation to the norms of representative democracy, arguing that politicians are committed to base their policy on scientific evidence. It is argued that people have both natural interests and social interests and that our natural interests, which we have acquired through natural selection and adaptation, are best taken care of by a representative democracy in which science proliferates. The article also argues why politicians and the public should trust science as the best means to fulfil our natural interests.","PeriodicalId":202424,"journal":{"name":"Danish Yearbook of Philosophy","volume":"132 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141114891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Should Liberal Communities Respect Bad Believers? On Empirical Disagreement over Climate Change and Public Reason 自由社区是否应该尊重 "坏信徒"？关于气候变化和公共理性的经验性分歧
Danish Yearbook of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10050
Morten Ebbe Juul Nielsen
{"title":"Should Liberal Communities Respect Bad Believers? On Empirical Disagreement over Climate Change and Public Reason","authors":"Morten Ebbe Juul Nielsen","doi":"10.1163/24689300-bja10050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689300-bja10050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Public reason liberalism strives to accommodate as broad an array of viewpoints as possible. Some people are selective science skeptics, meaning that they disagree with parts of mainstream science. Of special interest for this paper are climate deniers, who disagree with the mainstream consensus views of climate science. This creates a problem for public reason: on the one hand, public reason wants to avoid basing rules and policies on controversial principles, values, and so on. On the other hand, there are citizens whom we cannot outright call irrational who are skeptical about central tenets of climate science. This seems to imply that public reason cannot base policies on the robust findings of climate science because these findings are controversial among the citizenry. But we have strong reasons to base our policies vis-à-vis climate change on the robust findings of climate science. How should we proceed?","PeriodicalId":202424,"journal":{"name":"Danish Yearbook of Philosophy","volume":"10 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strong Scientific Meritocratism: Standpoint Epistemology as a Middle Ground in the Debate over Personal Merit in Science 强烈的科学功利主义：立足点认识论作为科学界个人功绩之争的中间立场
Danish Yearbook of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10056
N. Nottelmann
{"title":"Strong Scientific Meritocratism: Standpoint Epistemology as a Middle Ground in the Debate over Personal Merit in Science","authors":"N. Nottelmann","doi":"10.1163/24689300-bja10056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689300-bja10056","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Dorian Abbot and twenty-eight coauthors from many quarters of science have recently published a spirited defense of a perceived ‘liberal’ scientific meritocratism—roughly the view that rivalrous or excludable goods in the sphere of scientific work should be distributed entirely based on potential recipients’ merits in that sphere. They propose to understand merit in terms of ‘achievements,’ not least in the form of individual academic track records. A closer examination of their argument reveals their implicit reliance on several incompatible conceptions of merit. Moreover, they conspicuously ignore the typical collective nature of academic achievements in modern science. In this paper, I argue that a different version of scientific meritocratism, based on the central theses of standpoint epistemology, represents an attractive compromise between Abbot et al. and anti-meritocratic theories informed by the sociology of science. Ultimately, however, the credentials of this ‘strong scientific meritocratism’ rest on empirical hypotheses which remain underexamined.","PeriodicalId":202424,"journal":{"name":"Danish Yearbook of Philosophy","volume":"5 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding Meaning through Human Evolution 通过人类进化了解意义
Danish Yearbook of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10048
Jan Faye
{"title":"Understanding Meaning through Human Evolution","authors":"Jan Faye","doi":"10.1163/24689300-bja10048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689300-bja10048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000I argue that meaning is a result of our biological evolution, and that language evolved from primates’ ability to grasp conceptually the most important features of their environment. I hold that natural selection and adaptation ensure that primates both sense and conceptualize their world similarly, and that they therefore think similarly, whenever they receive the same sense impressions. This cognitive similarity enabled our predecessors to learn and develop a language because of the regular association of a particular sound and a particular image. The evolutionary pressure on our predecessors to develop a language was the advantage that such a language had for cooperation and survival. Finally, I argue that the old, but in wider circles frowned-upon theory of meaning, the expressive theory of language, provides the best explanation of the relationship between thought, meaning, and words, because it operates with words and not sentences as the basic semantic unit.","PeriodicalId":202424,"journal":{"name":"Danish Yearbook of Philosophy","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Radical Demand in Løgstrup’s Ethics, written by Robert Stern 罗伯特-斯特恩撰写的《勒格斯特鲁普伦理学中的激进要求
Danish Yearbook of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10047
Matthew Congdon
{"title":"The Radical Demand in Løgstrup’s Ethics, written by Robert Stern","authors":"Matthew Congdon","doi":"10.1163/24689300-bja10047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689300-bja10047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202424,"journal":{"name":"Danish Yearbook of Philosophy","volume":"34 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Varieties of Applied Philosophy: Introduction 应用哲学的多样性：导言
Danish Yearbook of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10045
Antje Gimmler, Philip Højme, Jacob Bo Lautrup Kristensen
{"title":"The Varieties of Applied Philosophy: Introduction","authors":"Antje Gimmler, Philip Højme, Jacob Bo Lautrup Kristensen","doi":"10.1163/24689300-bja10045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689300-bja10045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202424,"journal":{"name":"Danish Yearbook of Philosophy","volume":"16 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why Criminalize?: New Perspectives on Normative Principles of Criminalization, written by Thomas Søbirk Petersen 为什么要定罪？刑事定罪规范原则的新视角》，托马斯-索伯格-彼得森撰写
Danish Yearbook of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10046
Matt Matravers
{"title":"Why Criminalize?: New Perspectives on Normative Principles of Criminalization, written by Thomas Søbirk Petersen","authors":"Matt Matravers","doi":"10.1163/24689300-bja10046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689300-bja10046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202424,"journal":{"name":"Danish Yearbook of Philosophy","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Counterfactual Reasoning 论反事实推理
Danish Yearbook of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10043
C. Kühl
{"title":"On Counterfactual Reasoning","authors":"C. Kühl","doi":"10.1163/24689300-bja10043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689300-bja10043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Counterfactual reasoning has always played a role in human life. We ask questions like, “Could it have been different?,” “Under which conditions might/would it have been different?,” and “What would have happened if … ?” If we do not find an answer, i.e., what we accept as an answer, we may start reasoning. Reasoning means introducing new information or assumptions, new questions, new answers to new questions, and so on. From a formal point of view, reasoning may be compared with moving stepwise toward a destination in a path system without ever achieving an overview of the system. Seen in this way, reasoning is an activity with its own rationale, which must be studied from the agent’s own perspective. This paper explores the following query: Which conditions are necessarily fulfilled when the act of posing a specific question, or of introducing a particular piece of information or assumption, etc., may count as a step toward the answer to the initial question?","PeriodicalId":202424,"journal":{"name":"Danish Yearbook of Philosophy","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129641055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Democracy: Should We Replace Elections with Random Selection? 民主:我们应该用随机选择取代选举吗?
Danish Yearbook of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10042
A. Lever
{"title":"Democracy: Should We Replace Elections with Random Selection?","authors":"A. Lever","doi":"10.1163/24689300-bja10042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689300-bja10042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The aim of this paper is to explore the claim that lotteries are more democratic than elections. The paper starts by looking at the two main forms of equality that give lotteries their democratic appeal: an individually equal chance to be selected for office, and the proportionate representation of groups in the legislature. It shows that they cannot be jointly realized and argues that their egalitarian appeal is more apparent than real. Finally, the paper considers the democratic reasons to value randomly selected assemblies, even if claims about their distinctively egalitarian properties are exaggerated.","PeriodicalId":202424,"journal":{"name":"Danish Yearbook of Philosophy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128569364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Preface to Volume 56 第56卷序言
Danish Yearbook of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10040
Asger Sørensen
{"title":"Preface to Volume 56","authors":"Asger Sørensen","doi":"10.1163/24689300-bja10040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689300-bja10040","url":null,"abstract":"It is with great pleasure that we present volume 56 of the Danish Yearbook of Philosophy. This spring issue, vol. 56, no. 1 (2023), is a general issue containing four articles and four book reviews with no common theme. The autumn issue, vol. 56, no. 2 (2023), will be a special issue on applied philosophy following a call for articles within this field by our colleagues at the Centre for Applied Philosophy at Aalborg University, edited by Jacob Bo Lautrup Kristensen, with an introduction coauthored by Kristensen, Antje Gimmler, and Phillip Højme.1 “Applied Philosophy” was also the overall theme for the annual meeting of the Danish Philosophical Society in March 2021, which was organized and hosted by the aforementioned center but ultimately had to be held via Zoom due to yet another wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. The Danish philosophical community owes a lot to our colleagues in Aalborg for their persistent efforts to successfully hold the society’s traditional annual meeting despite all the difficulties during this period—difficulties that we will do well to remember, but which we hopefully nevertheless can consign to history. Despite the challenges, the Yearbook thus continues the format first presented in 2021,2 dedicating a special issue to the overall theme of the society’s annual meeting.3 The theme of the most recent annual meeting, held in March 2023, was “The Nature of Nature,” hosted by the Philosophy of Education research unit and the Danish Philosophy of Education Association at the Danish School of Education, Aarhus University. In continuation of the meeting, there is an open call for submissions for a special issue of the Yearbook on “The Nature of Nature,” edited by Sune Frølund and Jon Auring Grimm from the research unit. The call will remain open until autumn 2023. This meeting also hosted a parallel session on “The Nature of Reproduction and the Public Sphere,” resulting in a call for papers for another special issue of the Yearbook edited by Lucrecia Paz Burges Cruz, Tomeu Sales Gelabert, and","PeriodicalId":202424,"journal":{"name":"Danish Yearbook of Philosophy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114193017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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