European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"An Investigation on Improvements to Ultrasound Reactor Configuration for Extraction of Phytochemicals in Industrial Scale","authors":"T. Uçar, Kubilay Aziz","doi":"10.26417/250ucm32u","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/250ucm32u","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial attentiveness and demand for natural bioactive compounds are rising continuously, regarding their growing commercial values in nutrition, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and many other industries. The progress in ultrasound technology has spread the use of ultrasonication on a broad field of application areas, including extraction of bio-materials from plant sources. Ultrasound-assisted extraction is a powerful alternative to conventional techniques, in terms of extracting bio-compounds from variable kinds of matrices, higher efficiency, reduced extraction time, toxic-free operation, lower energy demand, lesser water consumption and better extract quality. Existing research pointed out that the reactor configuration is vital for maximizing the efficacy of extraction process, however basic reactor configurations that were mainly used in the literature may not be feasibly adapted to full-scale industrial applications. In this study, an investigation on possible improvements and modifications to existing reactor designs are discussed, such as detecting the optimum frequency range of ultrasound transmission depending on the material rheology and composition, possible modifications in beam-forming by means of frequency modulation and finally transmitting the waves in combination of different frequencies.","PeriodicalId":202400,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126314653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self Healing of Cracks in Concrete with Bacteria","authors":"I. Topcu, T. Uygunoğlu, Emre Kıvanç Budak","doi":"10.26417/206rzh38o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/206rzh38o","url":null,"abstract":"During the service life of concrete structures, internal and external effects and micro-cracks occur in the structure. These cracks cause leakage of harmful substances into the concrete, deterioration of the strength and durability properties of the concrete, structural damages and crashes, and the high cost of maintenance and repair of the concrete structure. It is known that water-dissolved CO2 reacts with Ca+2 ions in the concrete and can repair the concrete by forming CaCO3 (limestone) crystals with very little water solubility. However, for this type of self-repair to occur, there must be water in the environment and this repair can only be made if the cracks are too small. Recently, bacterial concrete methods which has ability to self-healing are used to overcome maintenance and repair costs. In 1994, the first study on the ability to self-healing with the extra materials that were added to the concrete during the production of concrete was published by Carolyn Dry of Illinois University. Eric Schlagen and Henk Jonkers who have been researching about self-healing concrete by adding bacterial spores and calcium lactate foods to the mixture while producing concrete have made a remarkable study in this field since 2006. Bacterial concrete, Bacillus bacterial spores in the medium of the water-activated nutrients and calcium sources in the range of appropriate pH values in the concrete due to the formation of a fibrous structure is caused by precipitation of calcite. Thus, with the precipitation of calcite, the bacteria are embedded in concrete and the concrete is provided to improve itself. In previous studies, it has been shown that the cracks and voids in the concrete are filled with the ethrengeite and C-S-H structure when the control and bio-based concrete samples examined by SEM and XRD are compared. In previous studies, it was observed that mechanical strength and durability of the concrete is increased. It should be noted that the concentration of bacteria used in the solution and the ambient pH value is specified. Although conventional maintenance and repair methods are fast reacting, and short-term efficient, bacterial concrete method is sustainable, slow and long-term efficient. In addition, it is an environmentally friendly method compared to chemical repair methods and is expected to be among the remarkable materials of the future. The high initial cost leads to a reduction in producer demand, and the development process must continue to achieve the desired results and cost. As a result, it will be possible to obtain more durable structures by not wasting time, saving money and reducing the costs of high maintenance and repair. In other respects, it is a great advantage for sustainable development. Technical studies are continuing due to the high cost and laboratory test results of the bacterial family, as well as the impacts on the survival of the bacterial family. In this study, previous studies were evaluated, and some suggestion","PeriodicalId":202400,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130974963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Cities, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Respect for the European Union Data Protection Rules","authors":"Francisco Javier Durán Ruiz","doi":"10.26417/619jkp27w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/619jkp27w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The importance of cities and their populations grow more and more, as well as the need to apply ICT in their management to reduce their environmental impact and improve the services they offer to their citizens. Hence the concept of smart city arises, a transformation of urban spaces that the European Union is strongly promoting which is largely based on the use of data and its treatment using Big data and Artificial Intelligence techniques based in algorithms. For the development of smart cities it is basic, from a legal point of view, EU rules about open data and the reuse of data and the reconciliation of the massive processing of citizens’ data with the right to privacy, non-discrimination and protection of personal data. The use of Big data and AI needed for the development of smart city projects requires a particular respect to data protection regulations. In this sense, the research explores in depth the specific hazards of vulnerating this fundamental right in the framework of smart cities due to the use of Big Data and AI.","PeriodicalId":202400,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129209629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Water Proofing Materials on Self-Healing Concrete","authors":"T. Uygunoğlu, İlker Bekir Topçu","doi":"10.26417/190vto47v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/190vto47v","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the strength of the concrete structures and increasing the service life is an important issue. The service times of the concrete remained; external factors such as water penetrating into these micro-cracks and shorten the life of the concrete. In order to solve this problem, the idea of self-healing concrete with bacteria or other materials has been put forward and studies have shown that using CaO based materials that repair cracks in this direction by precipitating calcite. It is obvious that long term performance of concrete will increase with to prevent water pass to concrete interior. Instead of forming a barrier on the positive or negative side of concrete, water proofing admixture turn the concrete itself into a water barrier. Internal concrete waterproofing systems can be water repellents or crystalline admixtures. In this study, water proofing admixture was added to concrete mixture as water proofing material and its effect on self-healing in terms of filling the pores was investigated. Beam samples including the CaO based water proofing powder materials were produced in size of 285x75x25 mm. The samples were cracked in the flexural machine. After some days, the cracks were investigated by microscope. Crak control was continued till 28 days. At the end of study, the cracks smaller than 0.3 mm were self-healed. However, the bigger cracks than 0.3 mm cannot be self-healed by water proofing material. Consequently, self-healing of concrete with CaO based water proofing powder material is very promising for the environmentally friendly and sustainable structures of the future.","PeriodicalId":202400,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132425899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Application of Optimally-Tuned Variable Parameters PID Controller for Nonlinear Engineering Systems","authors":"M. Aboelela","doi":"10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p14-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p14-20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The goal of this article is to investigate the implementation of the Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) as an optimization technique to determine the parameters of variable parameters PID (VP-PID) controller. The VP-PID has three parameters that have to be optimally evaluated. A case of three physical imbedded nonlinearities in a single area electric power system has been selected to test the suitability of the proposed technique. The integral-square error (ISE) criterion has been considered as a part of the objective function together with the percentage overshoot and settling time. Matlab/Simulink software has been used in the simulation process. The simulation results show that the proposed VP-PID controller furnishes a better performance than the conventional PID controller.","PeriodicalId":202400,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127756731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Anomalies in the Computer Network Behaviour","authors":"D. Protić, M. Stankovic","doi":"10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p7-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p7-13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The goal of anomaly-based intrusion detection is to build a system which monitors computer network behaviour and generates alerts if either a known attack or an anomaly is detected. Anomaly-based intrusion detection system detects intrusions based on a reference model which identifies normal behaviour of the computer network and flags an anomaly. Basic challenges in anomaly-based detection are difficulties to identify a ‘normal’ network behaviour and complexity of the dataset needed to train the intrusion detection system. Supervised machine learning can be used to train the binary classifiers in order to recognize the notion of normality. In this paper we present an algorithm for feature selection and instances normalization which reduces the Kyoto 2006+ dataset in order to increase accuracy and decrease time for training, testing and validating intrusion detection systems based on five models: k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN), weighted k-NN (wk-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, and Feedforward Neural Network (FNN).","PeriodicalId":202400,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126759977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Probability of Cyberattacks","authors":"Pavel Yermalovich","doi":"10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p46-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p46-63","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of information is inextricably linked with its security. The presence of vulnerabilities enables a third party to breach the security of information. Threat modeling helps to identify those infrastructures, which would be most likely exposed to cyberattacks. In some cases, however, threat modeling can not be classified as sufficient method of protection. This paper entitled “Determining the probability of cyberattacks” presents an analysis of different techniques with an attempt to identify the most informative parameters and cyberattack prediction markers, which would lay the foundation for the development of cyberattack probability functions. Next, it would be relevant to design such cyberattack probability functions, which would be used upon the initial identification of a cyberattack. The findings of this research could be applied during the future assessment of risk levels of information systems to ensure more effective information security management.","PeriodicalId":202400,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124971014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dimensional Stability and Durability of Acrylic Resins for the Injection of Cementitious Systems","authors":"C. Paglia, A. Krattiger","doi":"10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p75-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p75-78","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The dimensional stability and durability of Acrylamide- and Methacrylate-based acrylic resins have been studied. The dimensional stability was characterized by measuring the volume expansion of samples immersed in water for a period up to 240 days or by exposing the samples to 23°C and 50 %, 90 % relative humidity and by monitoring the shrinkage. The durability was investigated by exposing the resins to cyclic variations of temperature in air and in water. The resins generally exhibit a significant volume change up to 160 % of the initial volume when immersed in water or exposed to a relatively dry atmosphere (23°C and 50 %). A general increase in the material stiffness and/or crack formation on the surface of the resin is observed. On a long-term basis, the durability of the resins may significantly vary with occasionally a partial or complete deterioration of the some resins. A general better dimensional stability and durability is observed for the Methacrylate-based resins as compared to the Acrylamide-based resins.","PeriodicalId":202400,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering","volume":"343 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123322213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Gas Diffusion Characteristics on Nano-Structured Ceramic Membranes","authors":"Priscilla Ogunlude, Ofasa Abunumah, E. Gobina","doi":"10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p21-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p21-23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of membranes for gas upgrading has increasingly become of interest as it has shown great potential for efficient and affective gas purification and a pathway to green energy. The emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere has detrimental effects on the economy in terms of global warming which has led to many natural disasters, heat waves, food shortage, loss of life and property. To combat this, studies of capturing and utilizing greenhouse gases are ongoing. In this paper, the study of biogas components (methane and carbon dioxide) diffusion through membranes are studied to employ its use as a solution for the challenge. The study involved the use of membranes of different pore sizes (15, 200 and 6000nm) to ascertain the flow characteristics and regime of the gases under different operating conditions. Single gas permeation tests were conducted, and the results show the flow of gases is dependent on factors including molecular weight, kinematic diameter and viscosity of the gas components. It was observed that pressure has a greater influence on the gas flow through membranes compared to temperature with the effect of pore size having the greatest impact. The flux of methane through the membrane is greater than that of carbon dioxide in regular pore geometry and depicts a greater potential for upgrading of biogas.","PeriodicalId":202400,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128161459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodynamic Synchronized Coupled Model for Crowd-Footbridge Interaction","authors":"M. Toso, H. Gomes","doi":"10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p64-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p64-74","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nowadays there are growing interests in vibration serviceability assessments of composite footbridges. The new design trends of composite footbridges make them slender civil structures that may be affected by the load action of walking pedestrians resulting in large deflections or even uncomfortable vibrations. Furthermore, the presence of people on the footbridges causes the addition of mass to the structural system and due to the human body’s ability to absorb vibrational energy, an increase in structural damping. In this paper, the interaction between pedestrian and structure is modelled using data from pedestrian characteristics and vibration data from a measured footbridge as a comparison basis. A previously developed numerical model was used, this model called Biodynamic Synchronized Coupled Model (BSCM) consists of a fully synchronized force model in the longitudinal and lateral direction of pedestrian’s movement and a biodynamic model with mass, damping and stiffness parameters. The model is coupled with the structure using the Finite Element Method at the feet’s contact points. Pedestrians are treated as individuals with intrinsic kinetic and kinematic parameters following a measured correlation matrix obtained by the use of an especially designed force platform. Finally, the adequacy of the proposed model to represent the pedestrians as BSCM for the walking effects on the structure is investigated by experimentally measured accelerations on a footbridge (freely walking). The numerical results show good agreement with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":202400,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134072525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}