At What CostPub Date : 2021-04-21DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0003
N. Freudenberg
{"title":"Education","authors":"N. Freudenberg","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Education contributes powerfully to better health and public education is a foundation for democracy. Recently, however, private capital has viewed education as a profit center that can replace revenues lost to the decline of manufacturing. This chapter analyses the ways that modern capitalism has undermined equitable access to quality early childcare, K-12 education, and college by privatizing public education, creating and mandating expensive and inadequately tested but profitable educational tests, technologies and products, and imposing debt on schools and students. A powerful lobby of wealthy individuals and corporate leaders have used their influence to promote market values within the school system. These changes undercut the health- and equity-enhancing characteristics of public education. The chapter also describes how students, parents, teachers, and communities are resisting corporate penetration of public education, rejecting the ways it reinforces systemic racism, and creating models for education that promote health, democracy, and collective success.","PeriodicalId":202114,"journal":{"name":"At What Cost","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121655271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At What CostPub Date : 2021-04-21DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0006
N. Freudenberg
{"title":"The Future of Transportation","authors":"N. Freudenberg","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"People travel for work, medical care, food, school, and to escape violence and poverty. How a society organizes transportation shapes opportunities for health and happiness. This chapter analyses how recent changes in capitalism have modified transport options in ways that increase pollution and climate change, encourage physical inactivity, make cities less liveable, and create “transport deserts” where affordable travel is hard to find. Car companies like General Motors, Toyota and Volkswagen have failed to correct defects or cheat on air pollution devices; Uber and Lyft undermine mass transit to grow their businesses; and Big Tech and auto companies promote rapid deployment of inadequately tested autonomous vehicles. These examples show how globalization, deregulation, and the demand for immediate profits have constricted transport options and increased health risks. In response, transport equity advocates, car safety groups, some city officials, and transport workers have organized to create healthier, more equitable transport options.","PeriodicalId":202114,"journal":{"name":"At What Cost","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117205803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At What CostPub Date : 2021-04-21DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0007
N. Freudenberg
{"title":"Social Connections","authors":"N. Freudenberg","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"How individuals connect to others, buy wanted products, and work to achieve shared goals determine their opportunities for health and life success. In this century, companies like Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple, and Microsoft now decide how people can connect with others. By collecting data on purchases, behavior, and beliefs from their customers’ hardware, digital and cellphone use, Big Tech companies have created surveillance capitalism where personal data is a commodity to buy and sell. By targeting users for digital ads for unhealthy products; giving bullies access to a global audience; using likes and dislike to polarize people into opposing factions; or selling personal information to advertisers and special interests, these companies have compromised health, democracy, and privacy. In response, tech workers, social media users, privacy groups, and anti-monopoly reformers have challenged the domination of Big Tech companies and forged ways to use technology for human well-being instead of corporate profit.","PeriodicalId":202114,"journal":{"name":"At What Cost","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124547818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At What CostPub Date : 2021-04-21DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0002
N. Freudenberg
{"title":"Food","authors":"N. Freudenberg","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, a growing portion of the world’s population has adopted a diet in which increasing calories come from foods high in fat, sugar, and salt that is highly processed by industrial food companies. These ultra-processed products have become the primary determinants of the rising burden of diet-related diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, now the world’s leading killers. This chapter shows how food retailers, restaurant and fast food chains, food manufacturers, and agricultural producers have changed in response to changes in capitalism to make the ultra-processed diet the global norm. The agricultural production for these products is also a leading cause of climate change. The chapter further describes an emerging yet uncoordinated popular response that includes farmers and food workers, consumer cooperatives, local governments, and food justice activists that are seeking alternatives strategies for making healthy food affordable to all.","PeriodicalId":202114,"journal":{"name":"At What Cost","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117054843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At What CostPub Date : 2021-04-21DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0001
N. Freudenberg
{"title":"The Changing Face of US and Global Capitalism","authors":"N. Freudenberg","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"A rising tide of crises—from the Covid-19 pandemic to climate change to widening inequality -- threaten global well-being and the advances in public health of the last century. This chapter analyses how changes in 21st-century capitalism have made it more difficult for people in the United States and elsewhere to find what they need to protect the health of their families and communities. It shows how globalization, the rise of the financial sector, privatization, deregulation, and monopoly concentration have undermined people’s capacity to find healthy food, adequate education, affordable health care, safe and adequately paid work, non-polluting transportation, and meaningful connections to others. It spells out the costs of a worldview shaped by the inevitable logic of markets that requires people to align their individual and collective goals and aspirations with that logic and highlights the many organizations and movements that seek alternative visions for the future.","PeriodicalId":202114,"journal":{"name":"At What Cost","volume":" 75","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132011977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At What CostPub Date : 2021-04-21DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0008
N. Freudenberg
{"title":"Transitions from Twenty-first-century Capitalism","authors":"N. Freudenberg","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"In modern history, social movements change the living conditions that influence well-being. Successful movements require a shared diagnosis, vision, and strategies for the transition. Today’s capitalism that values profit and corporate well-being over human and planetary health is the problem. A world where the food, education, health care, and other basic necessities are available to all and easier to find than their health-damaging alternatives is the vision, consistent with available human knowledge but not with the current distribution of power and wealth. To forge strategies for the transition, advocates can learn from current social movements — from climate and labor to Black, women’s and global justice — that are moving in this direction. The Green New Deal, worker cooperatives, and responses to the Covid-19 pandemic show how movements can make capitalism the target of change, use health as a unifying theme, and extract strategies for change from current practice.","PeriodicalId":202114,"journal":{"name":"At What Cost","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114444966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At What CostPub Date : 2021-04-21DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0009
N. Freudenberg
{"title":"From Now to Next","authors":"N. Freudenberg","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078621.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"The failure of political and business leaders to protect people against Covid-19 and its economic crisis, police violence and systemic racism, deaths of despair, climate change, and failing democracy has pushed millions into activism. This chapter suggests six broad goals that could unify the now often disparate movements seeking a better world: grow the public sector, strengthen democracy, confront the burdens that systemic racism and sexism impose, transform the conversation on taxes and regulation, focus on cities, and make science and technology public property. It also proposes practical strategies for building a more effective movement. These include making it easy to connect personal and social activism; talking about race, class and gender divisions in ways that highlight their role in weakening movements; and challenging capitalist ideas. Every generation has faced similar daunting challenges. Always some have found ways to organize for a safer future for humanity. Now it is our turn.","PeriodicalId":202114,"journal":{"name":"At What Cost","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133765406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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