Journal of Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"The covalent attachment of Naltrexone to multi-walled carbon nanotubes byoxalyl chloride agent","authors":"Mohammadreza Gholibeikian","doi":"10.55124/jgce.v1i1.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jgce.v1i1.172","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a novel cascade of chemical functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) through chemical modification by an opioid antagonist drug of Naltrexone. Naltrexone-conjugated MWCNTs were synthesized involving the sequential steps of carboxylation, acylation,and finally,Naltrexoneconjugation.The active acyl chlorides in MWCNTs were subsequently mixed with opioid antagonist drug of Naltrexone.The modification of MWCNTs with Naltrexone was investigated by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,Thermo Gravimetric Analysis,Elemental Analysis,High Performance Liquid Chromatography.Size and surface characteristics of chemically modified MWCNTs were monitored by Transmission Electron Microscopy,Scanning Electron Microscopy,Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy,Atomic Force Microscopy.","PeriodicalId":202097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133460402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The attachment opioid antagonist drug of Naltrexone to multi-walled carbon nanotubes by different kinds of reagents carbodiimides","authors":"Mohammadreza Gholibeikian","doi":"10.55124/jgce.v1i1.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jgce.v1i1.171","url":null,"abstract":"Surface functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) by opioid antagonist drug of Naltrexone via chemical modification of carboxyl groups,using of reagents di cyclohexyl carbodiimide(DCC),1-ethyl-3[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride(EDC),N-hydroxysuccinimide(NHS),1-hydroxybenzotriazolemonohydrate(HOBT),O-(Benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluraniumtetrafluoroborate(TBTU),were performed. In synthetic organic chemistry,compounds containing the carbodiimide functionality are dehydration agents and are often used to activate carboxylic acids towards amide or ester formation. Carboxylic acids will react with the carbodiimide to produce the key intermediate as O-acylisourea which can be considered as a carboxylic ester with an activated leaving group.We have used of five carbodiimide reagent to synthesis twelve sample in this work.The resulting materials were characterized by different techniques,such as Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetricanalysis (TGA),Raman spectroscopy,Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM),Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM),High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).                   ","PeriodicalId":202097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126591698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What to Expect in the Next Green Revolution?","authors":"Suryakiran Navath","doi":"10.55124/jgce.v1i1.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jgce.v1i1.105","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000On the brink of World War 1, scientists throughout Europe were already embroiled in a debate regarding food supply shortages. During that point in time, it was well known that plants require nitrogen to grow and that large-scale farming disrupts the nitrogen cycle during harvests. Hence, the soil’s nitrogen content had to be replenished. Guano (animal droppings) was known to be a great fertilizer, but its imports were dwindling, and Europe didn’t have an abundance of land to grow crops on and feed its people. Fortunately, Fritz Haber had discovered the Haber cycle during that time, enabling nitrogen-rich ammonia to be produced for fertilizers. \u0000This led to the first major green revolution that changed the landscape of agriculture. Since then, we’ve experienced multiple green revolutions as science and technology progressed, but another one might be just around the corner. \u0000Why is Another Green Revolution Coming? \u0000In the ‘60s and ‘70s, biotechnology and selective breeding helped the world fight starvation by producing higher yield crops. Notably, the efforts of the agrobiologist Norman Borlaug in wheat cultivation prevented famines in large parts of the world. Since then, no major agricultural revolution has happened that has changed the course of the world; however, we are now facing a similar pattern, and a green revolution is long overdue. Climate change threatens to curtail crop yields while, at the same time, rising populations demand more sustenance. \u0000What Should a Green Revolution Focus On? \u0000In The United Nations estimates that the world’s population will increase to around 10 billion in 2050, with Asia and Africa remaining the most populous regions. Controlling population growth is out of the question as it would require a measure of policy by the region’s government to curtail. On top of that, these regions harbor population centers that are the most vulnerable to climate change. Hence, a green revolution will need to focus on working to mitigate the effects of climate change on agriculture \u0000 Figure 1. \u0000An image of a field of wheat with the sky in the background \u0000Biotechnology \u0000Biotechnology is perhaps our biggest weapon against climate change. It equips us with the tools and techniques to edit gene configurations within organisms. This knowledge will come in handy when producing strains of crops that are drought-resistant, or on the flip side, flood-resistant, to fight the uncertain weather patterns ahead of us. \u0000Microbiology \u0000The pandemic has taught us that a virus has the potential to wreak havoc on a global scale. Similarly, plants are also living organisms that are prone to microbial attacks, and a viral attack right at the world’s supply can have drastic consequences. \u0000Crops do not have genetic variation. Their seeds are produced in such a way that prevents them from reproducing sexually; hence every generation of crops is genetically identical. This increases the likelihood of plants attaining an infection by a vector","PeriodicalId":202097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128451023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study and optimization of Diels-Alder reaction of piperine in aqueous ionic solutions using Gn.HCl as a catalyst","authors":"R. Vidadala","doi":"10.55124/jgce.v1i1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jgce.v1i1.18","url":null,"abstract":"V. Rama Subbaraoa* \u0000aNatural Products Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, India. \u0000Study and optimization of Diels-Alder reaction of piperine in aqueous ionic solutions using Gn.HCl as a catalyst. The semi-synthesis of these products using intermolecular [4+2] cycloaddition reaction has been described. Obtained products were characterized using IR, HNMR, CNMR and Mass Spectroscopy. \u0000Introduction \u0000An outsized number of phenomena concern to and are conducted in liquid phase involving ionic species (Millions of years ago, Mother Nature discovered the secrets of water molecule) in different biological and other natural processes. Salt present in the oceans, a striking example from Nature, is a multi component salt solution reflecting the distant marine origin of life on earth together with the composition of physiological fluids. In general the ionic solutions play roles in several industrial and geological processes in addition to their deep impact on the biological molecules. This enormous power of ionic solutions is based on the interactions of ion with solvent. In this work, we present some interesting results with comprehensive implications on the application of ion-solvent (i-s) interactions on organic reactions. \u0000Ion-Solvent interactions \u0000Cohesion among molecules in the liquid phase results from intermolecular forces. These forces include hydrogen-bonding, dipole-dipole, multi polar, dispersion interactions and also interactions emerging from the repulsion between two molecules. The cohesion due to intermolecular forces gives rise to a 'pressure' which is experienced by the solvent molecules. A liquid undergoing a small, isothermal volume expansion does work against the cohesive forces which causes a change in the internal energy, U. The function (∂U/∂V)T, is called as internal pressure (Pi) of a liquid and is supported by the equation of state. Internal pressure increases upon the addition of some solutes like NaCl, KCI, etc. and decreases by salts like of guanidinium salts. \u0000Diels-Alder Reaction in aqueous medium \u0000For long time water was not a popular solvent for the Diels-Alder reaction. Before 1980 its use had been reported only incidentally. Diels and Alder themselves performed the reaction between furan and maleic acid in an aqueous medium in 1931,27 an experiment which was repeated by Woodward and Baer in 1948. 28 They noticed a change in endo-exo selectivity when comparing the reaction in water with ether. The extreme influence of water can exert on the Diels-Alder reaction was rediscovered by Breslow in 1980, much by coincidence 29,30 while studying the effect of β-cyclodextrin on the rate of a Diels-Alder reaction in water, accidentally. \u0000 \u0000Schem 1. \u0000Alternatively, Grieco et al., have repeatedly invoked the internal pressure of water as an explanation of the rate enhancement of Diels-Alder reactions in these solvents. 31 They probably inspired by the well know","PeriodicalId":202097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128922759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of β-keto-sulfones using alkyl/aryl sulphinates in ionic liquids [bmim-BF4] as an efficient and reusable reaction medium","authors":"Suryakiran Navath","doi":"10.55124/jgce.v1i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jgce.v1i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of b-keto-sulfones using alkyl/aryl sulphinates in ionic liquids as en efficient and reusable medium is described. Reaction of α-haloketones with sodium alkyl/aryl sulphinates in ionic liquid afforded the corresponding sulfones in excellent yields. Obtained products were characterized using IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass Spectroscopy. \u0000Introduction \u0000b-keto-sulfones are of great importance in organic synthesis. The presence of sulfone group, in an organic compound adds variety to its chemical architecture1 and also enhances the biological activity of the compound. The methylene and methyl sulfones are very good a-carbanion-stabilizing substituents because strong –IE by the sulfone, but they do not involves conjugation with α-protons. However, the presence of keto group at 3rd position to the sulfone group, adds variety to its functionalities, known as b-keto-sulfones, which are very important group of intermediates as they are used in Michael and Knoevenagel reactions,­2,3 in the preparation of acetylenes, allenes, chalcones,4-9 vinylsulfones10 and polyfunctionalized 4H-pyrans.11 In addition, they are useful for the synthesis of optically active b-hydroxysulfones13 and α-halo methylsulfones.14 This has led to development of novel synthetic methodologies for these compounds. Although several methods of synthesis of ketosulfones have been reported in literature, which includes alkylation of metallic arene sulphinates with either α-haloketone15 or α-tosyloxy ketones,16 acylation of alkyl sulfones,17 reactions of diazo sulfones with aldehydes catalyzed by SnCl2,18 reaction of an acid ester with α-sulfonyl carbanions,19 reaction of an acid anhydride with α-sulfonyl carbanions, addition of aldehydes to α-sulfonyl carbanions followed by oxidation of the resulting b-hydroxysulfones,20 oxidation of b-ketosulphides,21 oxidation of b-ketosulfoxides.22 The direct and straightforward method is the treatment of metallic arene sulphinates with α-haloketone.15 However, the low solubility of metal sulphinate salts in organic solvents is the inadequacy. \u0000In recent years, the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as green solvents in organic synthetic processes has gained considerable importance due to their solvating ability, negligible vapor pressure, easy recyclability and reusability.23 Recently, we have reported the direct synthesis of α-iodo b-ketosulfones and their base-induced cleavage to afford α-iodo methyl sulfones.24 In continuation of our work, although not novel, we envisaged the synthesis of ketosulfones using sodium alkyl/aryl sulphinates in bmim-BF4 as a ionic liquid, as efficient and reusable reaction medium \u0000Scheme 1. \u0000In this report (Scheme 1) we describe an efficient method for the synthesis of sulfones using sodium alkyl/aryl sulphinate in bmim-BF4. This method does not need expensive reagents or special care to exclude the moisture from the reaction medium. We chose bmim-BF4, which are inexpensive and readily available for the preparation of ionic ","PeriodicalId":202097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134338254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}