{"title":"Our First Three Years - A Message from the Chairman","authors":"M. Fagen","doi":"10.1109/T-PGUE.1956.29221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/T-PGUE.1956.29221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":201999,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Ire Professional Group on Ultrasonic Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134315544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultrasonic Machining of Tungsten Carbide","authors":"D. Goetze","doi":"10.1121/1.1917797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1917797","url":null,"abstract":"An electronically driven and controlled magnetostrictive transducer is used in conjunction with a suspended abrasive to machine hard, brittle materials such as ceramics and the carbide metals. The transducer has been constructed especially to supply high amplitude vibrations at the surface being machined. Data taken indicate that certain compromises must be made relative to cutting speed and tool wear. The effects of other variables such as vibration amplitude and abrasive size have been optimized for machining tungsten carbide, but no conclusions have yet been reached regarding the mechanism of ultrasonic machining.","PeriodicalId":201999,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Ire Professional Group on Ultrasonic Engineering","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122896452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chairman's Report 1953-1954","authors":"A. L. Lane","doi":"10.1109/TPGUE.1954.243527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPGUE.1954.243527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":201999,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Ire Professional Group on Ultrasonic Engineering","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131488790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Ultrasonic Machine Tool","authors":"N. Clark","doi":"10.1121/1.1917796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1917796","url":null,"abstract":"A relatively new machine tool utilizing ultrasonics for the cutting of hard brittle materials such as ceramics and the carbide metals has been developed for commercial use. The equipment uses a magnetostriction transducer capable of high amplitudes with a suspended abrasive to perform intricate operations on the “unmachinable” materials. The transducer is coupled to the load by resonant mechanical transformers in an effort to match more nearly the impedance of cutting load. Power for the transducer is obtained from an electronic control unit. Mounting of the transducer and vibrating members has received special attention since a rigid, controlled positioning mechanism is necessary for use as a machine tool.","PeriodicalId":201999,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Ire Professional Group on Ultrasonic Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132083820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bibliography on ultrasonic delay lines","authors":"M. Fagen","doi":"10.1109/TPGUE.1954.243528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPGUE.1954.243528","url":null,"abstract":"The following bibliography relating to ultrasonic delay lines has been compiled as a useful guide on their theory, design, and applications. One can consider the material in four classifications; first, references of a general nature, descriptive or analytical, dealing with the principles of wave propagation in bounded elastic solids and with the basic elements of ultrasonic delay lines and the eqUivalent circuit; second, material re~ating to the means by which ultrasonic waves are generated, the electromechanical transducer; third, material relating to the transmission medium, principally vitreous silica, aluminum, magnesium, iso-elastic metal alloys, and, to some extent, mercury; and finally; references on applications of ultrasonic delay lines as information storage elements in digital computers and in radar indicators and as time calibration devices.","PeriodicalId":201999,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Ire Professional Group on Ultrasonic Engineering","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130734327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical Impedance Transformers in Relation to Ultrasonic Machining","authors":"L. Balamuth","doi":"10.1121/1.1927946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1927946","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonic machining of hard materials, such as cemented carbides, steel, sapphire, etc., requires the use of an acoustical transmission line. This line generally consists of a specially shaped solid body designed so as to convey the ultrasonic vibrations of the transducer to the tool which operates on the work piece. This paper deals with a general type of mechanical impedance transformer suitable for the above‐stated purposes. The theory has been cast in such form that the design of such lines may be made from universal equations and graphs. Because such equations appear in terms of ratios, one set of curves applies to all materials and to any desired frequency range. Several cases will be treated in detail so as to make the method employed clear. In addition examples will be given of actual transformers with an account of their performance in practical cases. As is the case generally with transformers, the systems described in this paper have applications in many cases where transformation of the ultra...","PeriodicalId":201999,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Ire Professional Group on Ultrasonic Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115517851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metal Cleaning and Its Improvement by the Use of Ultrasonics","authors":"T. J. Kearney","doi":"10.1109/TPGUE.1954.1538195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPGUE.1954.1538195","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonics is one of the newest tools to be applied to metal cleaning. Through the years, abrasives, soaps, compounded alkaline materials, and solvents have been used to remove soils From metals. Trichlorethylene Solvent degreasing has had a wide reception in industry since its introduction in 1930. The DETREX SONICLEAN PROCESS combines sound energy and trichlorethylene solvent degreasing for metal cleaning. This is accomplished by immersing specially treated barium titanate transducers in chlorinated solvents, producing cleaning results previously unobtainable. Crossrod, conveyorized equipment incorporating constant distillation and filtration of the solvent in the ultrasonic chamber and providing a final vapor rinse and drying is now in use in industrial plants producing as many as 8,000 parts per hour.","PeriodicalId":201999,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Ire Professional Group on Ultrasonic Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124739941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Non-Contact Micro-Displacement Meter","authors":"Harold M. Sharaf","doi":"10.1109/TPGUE.1954.1538193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPGUE.1954.1538193","url":null,"abstract":"A method capable of detecting microinch displacements of a transducer surface vibrating in the fractional megacycle range has been developed. The dynamic displacements of a vibrating transducer are detected with the aid of a specialized frequency modulation system. The vibrating transducer face is incorporated into the system in a manner such that the center frequency of an oscillator is varied in accordance with the transducer vibrations. The frequency modulation system transforms the frequency, deviations into a corresponding amplitude varying signal. In this way, accurate measurements of transducer vibrations can readily be obtained. The system is inherently capable of detecting transducer displacements with equal facility in either air or a viscous fluid.","PeriodicalId":201999,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Ire Professional Group on Ultrasonic Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130714532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Acoustic Flowmeter Using Electroric Switching","authors":"H. Kalmus, A. L. Hedrich, D. Pardue","doi":"10.1109/TPGUE.1954.1538197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPGUE.1954.1538197","url":null,"abstract":"The flowmeter described in this paper measures the velocity of a fluid by measuring the difference in times of transmission of an acoustic wave in the upstream and downstream directions. The acoustic wave is propagated in the fluid by pressing a barium titanate transducer against the outside wall of the tubing carrying the fluid. The wave is then picked up by a similar transducer acting as a receiver and mounted on the tubing a short distance away from the first transducer The reversal in direction of propagation is effected by interchanging the functions of the two transducers, i.e., making the transmitter the receiver and vice versa. The time measurement is made in terms of the phase difference between transmitted and received waves. The phase difference measured for propagation in one direction is compared with the phase difference measured for propagation in the reverse direction and the difference between these is an indication of the fluid velocity. This difference is measured with a synchronous rectifier. The transducer functions are switched rapidly enough so that, by means of electrical differencing of the two phase measurements, a continuous velocity indication is obtained. Two methods of switching the transducer functions and performing the synchronous rectification have been employed. The first method utilizes a mechanically driven switch and has been described previously.1 The second method uses an entirely electronic system to perform both functions. It is this electronic system that is described in this paper.","PeriodicalId":201999,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Ire Professional Group on Ultrasonic Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129216149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Temperature-Controlled Ultrasonic Solid Acoustic Delay Line (Abstract)","authors":"E. S. Pennell","doi":"10.1109/TPGUE.1954.1538196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPGUE.1954.1538196","url":null,"abstract":"A temperature-controlled ultrasonic solid acoustic delay line designed for radar calibration purposes is described. It has a delay of 24.73 microseconds. ±0.1 microseconds over an ambient temperature range from -25° C to +60°C. It is designed for use at 60 megacycles and has a bandwidth of at least 8 megacycles and a loss not exceeding 60 db. when used with a 150 ohm termination, It gives at least five reflections with no greater than 74 db. loss. A compact form is accomplished by using a thermostatically controlled oven in the form of a plastic encasement around a hermetically sealed metal enclosed delay line. The delay element, of vitreous silica, is held at 50°C with a deviation of less than ±5°C therefrom over the ambient temperature range up to 55°C. Heater power consumption at 115 volts ac is approximately 20 watts during the heating cycle which constitutes about 25% of the time for a 25°C ambient. Life tests on oven units over approximately two years in the ambient range of 23°C to 28°C show variations in temperature at the delay element well within ±2°C. Details of the construction are discussed and performance data on the oven and delay line are shown.","PeriodicalId":201999,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Ire Professional Group on Ultrasonic Engineering","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127341497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}