Pharmaceuticals最新文献

{"title":"Interventions for Neglected Diseases Caused by Kinetoplastid Parasites: A One Health Approach to Drug Discovery, Development, and Deployment.","authors":"Godwin U Ebiloma, Amani Alhejeli, Harry P de Koning","doi":"10.3390/ph18091415","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18091415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kinetoplastids are protozoa that possess a unique organelle called a kinetoplast. These include the parasites <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, <i>T. brucei</i> and related <i>African trypanosomes</i>, and <i>Leishmania</i> spp. These parasites cause a variety of neglected tropical diseases in humans and livestock, with devastating consequences. In the absence of any vaccine, pharmaceutical interventions are the mainstay of control, but these have historically been underfunded, fragmented, and inadequately aligned with the complex zoonotic and ecological realities of the parasites' transmission dynamics. In this review, the landscape of current and emerging drugs for treating leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and African trypanosomiasis is critically evaluated across both veterinary and human contexts. It examines the challenges of legacy compounds, the pharmacological shortcomings in multi-host, multi-tropic and multi-stage disease systems, and the gaps in veterinary therapeutics, specifically for African animal trypanosomiasis and canine leishmaniasis but also the animal reservoir of <i>T. cruzi</i>. Emphasis is placed on pharmacokinetic divergence between species, the accompanying risks with the use of off-label human drugs in animals, and the ecological effects of environmental drug exposure. We propose a far-reaching One Health framework for pharmaceutical research and development, promoting dual-indication co-development, ecological pharmacology, regulatory harmonisation, and integrated delivery systems. In this context, we argue that the drug development pipeline must be rationalised as a transdisciplinary and ecologically embedded process, able to interrupt parasite transmission to human, animal, and vector interfaces. Our findings reveal that we can bridge age-old therapeutic gaps, advance towards sustainable control, and eventually eliminate the neglected diseases caused by kinetoplastid protozoan parasites by aligning pharmaceutical innovation with One Health principles. This article aims to promote future research and development of innovative drugs that are sustainable under the One Health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Food-Derived Rutin Phytosome Nanoparticles: Anti-Tumor, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma.","authors":"M Alfawaz, Ekramy M Elmorsy, Alaa Samy, Ahmed S Shams, Mai A Salem, Aly A M Shaalan, Manal S Fawzy, Nora Hosny","doi":"10.3390/ph18091410","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18091410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Rutin (RT), a promising bioflavonoid, faces clinical limitations due to its poor solubility and bioavailability. In this study, we formulated RT-loaded phytosome nanoparticles (RT-PNPs) via thin-layer hydration and characterized their morphology, size distribution, and zeta potential. <b>Methods:</b> We established a mouse model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), randomly allocating ninety female Swiss albino mice into six groups: untreated controls, RT-treated, RT-PNP-treated, EAC, EAC + RT, and EAC + RT-PNPs. Tumor induction and treatment protocols were controlled, with the oral administration of 25 mg/kg/day of RT or RT-PNPs for 20 days. We comprehensively assessed survival, body weight, ascitic fluid/tumor volume, and cell viability and performed detailed hematological, serum biochemical, and tumor marker analyses. Multiorgan (liver and kidney) function and redox homeostasis were evaluated through enzymatic assays for SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GSH, as well as lipid peroxidation assessment. Proinflammatory cytokines and tumor markers (AFP, CEA, CA19-9, CA125, and CA15-3) were quantified via ELISA. <b>Results:</b> Gene expression profiling (<i>TP53</i>, <i>Bax</i>, and <i>Bcl-2</i>) and flow cytometry (p53 and Ki-67) elucidated the modulation of apoptosis. Histopathological scoring documented organ protection, while advanced multivariate (heatmap and principal component) analyses revealed distinct treatment clusterings. The RT-PNPs demonstrated potent anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptosis-inducing effects, outperforming free RT in restoring physiological markers and tissue integrity. <b>Conclusions:</b> The current results underscore the potential of RT-PNPs as a multifaceted therapeutic approach to EAC, leveraging nanoparticle technology to optimize efficacy and systemic protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising Norlabdane-Heterocyclic Hybrids: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation.","authors":"Lidia Lungu, Alexandru Ciocarlan, Ionel I Mangalagiu, Aculina Aricu","doi":"10.3390/ph18091411","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18091411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The terpeno-heterocyclic molecular hybrids are a new and promising class of modern organic and medicinal chemistry, because their molecules exhibit high and selective biological activity, natural origins, and good biocompatibility, and, usually, they are less toxic. The reported norlabdane-heterocyclic hybrids were synthesized by classical and new, original, and environmentally friendly methods, which include coupling reactions of norlabdane derivatives (such as carboxylic acids, acyl chlorides, or bromides) with individual heterocyclic compounds, as well as heterocyclization reactions of certain norlabdane intermediates like hydrazides, thiosemicarbazones, or hydrazinecarbothioamides. The aforementioned norlabdanes were derived from (+)-sclareolide <b>2</b>, which is readily obtained from (-)-sclareol <b>1</b>, a labdane-type diterpenoid extracted from the waste biomass of Clary sage (<i>Salvia sclarea</i> L.) that remains after essential oil extraction. All synthesized compounds were tested against various fungal strains and bacterial species, with many exhibiting significant antifungal and antibacterial activity. These findings support the potential application of the synthesized compounds in the treatment of diseases caused by fungi and bacteria. Additionally, the use of plant-based waste materials as starting resources highlights the economic and ecological value of this approach. This review summarizes experimental data on the synthesis and biological activity of norlabdane: diazine, 1,2,4-triazole and carbazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,3-thiazole, 1,3-benzothiazole and 1,3-benzimidazole hybrids performed by our research group covering the period from 2013 to the present.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Combination Therapy with Probiotic Bulgarian Goat Yoghurt Enriched with <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> Fruit Juice in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Complication of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Petya Goycheva, Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska, Ekaterina Georgieva, Nikolina Zheleva, Mariya Lazarova, Yanka Karamalakova, Galina Nikolova","doi":"10.3390/ph18091409","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18091409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Goat milk and its fermented products exhibit unique nutritional and therapeutic characteristics corresponding to the management of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Due to its rich content of bioactive compounds and superior digestibility compared to cow's milk, goat milk enhances nutrient assimilation and exhibits notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The primary aim of this investigation was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of goat milk-based nutritional interventions as an integral component of a multifaceted therapeutic approach aimed at attenuating oxidative stress (OS), restoring metabolic homeostasis, and mitigating the progression of long-term complications in patients with diabetes mellitus and concurrent renal dysfunction. <b>Methods</b>: Participants diagnosed with T2DM were stratified into three subgroups based on the severity of renal dysfunction. The results were analyzed in comparison with those of healthy control subjects. <b>Results</b>: Following a dietary regimen that included goat milk enriched with <i>Aronia</i> (<i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>) fruit juice patients-particularly those with DN-exhibited marked reductions in free radical concentrations, decreased cytokine production, and diminished levels of lipid and protein oxidation byproducts. Moreover, a significant improvement was observed in nitric oxide (NO) levels, along with partial restoration of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system and an upregulation of endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05) relative to pre-intervention measurements. <b>Conclusions</b>: These outcomes suggest that the dietary intervention not only attenuated OS but also contributed to improved renal function in affected individuals. The results support the therapeutic potential of functional dairy-based diets-specifically those incorporating bioactive ingredients such as <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> fruit juice and goat milk-in mitigating oxidative damage and enhancing metabolic and renal health in patients with T2DM and DN.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity-Related Cancers in Relation to Use of Statins and Testosterone Replacement Therapy Among Older Women: SEER-Medicare 2007-2015.","authors":"Maryam R Hussain, Shannon Wu, Diane Saab, Biai Digbeu, Omer Abdelgadir, Jesus Gibran Hernandez-Perez, Luisa E Torres-Sanchez, Tammy Leonard, Miguel Cano, Yong-Fang Kuo, Alejandro Villasante-Tezanos, David S Lopez","doi":"10.3390/ph18091413","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18091413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The associations of statins and testosterone replacement therapy (TTh) with the risk of obesity-related cancers (ORC, breast [BrCa], colorectal [CRC], ovarian, and endometrial cancers) in older women remain poorly understood. This study examined the associations between the use of statins and TTh with risk of ORC and its cancer-specific sites in women aged 65 years and older. <b>Methods</b>: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using 2007-2015 SEER-Medicare data, including 142,772 women aged ≥ 65 years. We identified 52,086 women with incident ORC (BrCa [n = 32,707], CRC [n = 11,070], ovarian [n = 2601], and endometrial [n = 5708] cancers). The primary exposures were use of statins and TTh. Weighted multivariable time-dependent Cox proportional hazards and models were conducted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of incident ORC. <b>Results</b>: We found an inverse association of statins with incident [HR, 0.76; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.78], high-grade [HR, 0.75; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.78], and advanced-stage [HR, 0.91; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.95] ORC. Concurrent use of statins and TTh was associated with a reduced incidence of ORC and high-grade ORC. Similar associations were observed with BrCa. Statins were inversely associated with high-grade ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer (incident, high-grade, and advanced-stage). <b>Conclusions</b>: Use of statins was inversely associated with ORC, BrCa, and endometrial cancer (high-grade and advanced-stage) and high-grade ovarian cancer in older women. Concurrent use of statins and TTh was inversely associated with ORC and BrCa and their high-grade disease. Future prospective studies are needed to substantiate these findings, especially with a focus to examine time- and dose-response associations and to identify underlying biological mechanisms through which statins and TTh influence incidence of ORC.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Sulfonamide Complexes with Metals: Their Pharmacological Potential as Anticancer Drugs.","authors":"Przemysław Rozbicki, Danuta Branowska","doi":"10.3390/ph18091414","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18091414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulfonamides represent a versatile class of biologically active compounds, best known for their antibacterial activity, but increasingly investigated for their potential in oncology. Free sulfonamides themselves display cytotoxic properties; however, coordination with metal ions often enhances both selectivity and potency, while also introducing new mechanisms of action. Although numerous studies have reported sulfonamide-metal complexes with anticancer activity, a systematic overview linking biological properties to the central metal atom has been lacking. This review summarizes current research on sulfonamide complexes with transition metals and selected main-group elements, focusing on their pharmacological potential as anticancer agents. The compounds discussed include complexes of titanium, chromium, manganese, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, iron, cobalt, nickel, uranium, calcium, magnesium and bismuth. For each group, representative structures are presented along with cytotoxicity data against cancer cell lines, comparisons with reference drugs such as for example cisplatin, and where relevant, studies on carbonic anhydrase inhibition. The survey of available data demonstrates that many sulfonamide-metal complexes show cytotoxic activity comparable to or greater than existing chemotherapeutic agents, while in some cases exhibiting reduced toxicity toward non-cancerous cells. These findings highlight the promise of sulfonamide-metal complexes as a fertile area for anticancer drug development and provide a framework for future design strategies. This review covers the research on anti-cancer activity of sulfonamide complexes during the years 2007-2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammation-Driven Genomic Instability: A Pathway to Cancer Development and Therapy Resistance.","authors":"Nina Rembiałkowska, Zofia Kocik, Amelia Kłosińska, Maja Kübler, Agata Pałkiewicz, Weronika Rozmus, Mikołaj Sędzik, Helena Wojciechowska, Agnieszka Gajewska-Naryniecka","doi":"10.3390/ph18091406","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18091406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic inflammation, while originally a protective physiological response, is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to carcinogenesis. Prolonged inflammatory signaling leads to the sustained production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), resulting in direct and indirect DNA damage, including base modifications, strand breaks, and DNA cross-linking. Simultaneously, pro-inflammatory mediators such as NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α can interfere with DNA repair mechanisms, altering the efficiency of key pathways such as base excision and mismatch repair. Immune cells infiltrating chronically inflamed tissues, including macrophages and neutrophils, further exacerbate genomic instability through ROS/RNS release and cytokine production, creating a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Additionally, chronic inflammation has been implicated in the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy by modulating DNA damage response pathways. Understanding the interplay between inflammation, genomic instability, and therapy resistance provides a framework for novel treatment strategies. Targeting chronic inflammation with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, or biological agents such as monoclonal antibodies offers promising avenues for cancer prevention and treatment. Targeting inflammation with NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and monoclonal antibodies shows promise in cancer prevention and therapy, particularly in lung and pancreatic cancer. These agents act by blocking key inflammatory pathways like COX-2, NF-κB, and cytokine signaling. However, potential adverse effects require further clinical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Proliferative Activity of Hawaiian Plants on PC-12 and Neuro-2a Cells and Their Effect on the TPH and TH Genes.","authors":"Pornphimon Meesakul, Tyler Shea, Xiaohua Wu, Yutaka Kuroki, Aya Wada, Shugeng Cao","doi":"10.3390/ph18091403","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18091403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin are critical regulators of mood, cognition, and neuronal homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate the neuropharmacological potential of Hawaiian plants by investigating their ability to modulate the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), key enzymes in neurotransmitter biosynthesis. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 108 aqueous and methanolic extracts of Hawaiian plants were screened for cytotoxicity against PC-12 and Neuro-2A cells using the MTT assay. Fifty-six non-toxic extracts were selected and further analyzed for TH and TPH expression via quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). <b>Results</b>: Several extracts significantly upregulated TH and TPH expression without inducing cytotoxicity. Extracts derived from <i>Morinda citrifolia</i>, <i>Pipturus albidus</i>, and <i>Hedychium coronarium</i> showed the most notable activity, suggesting their potential to enhance dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings highlight the promise of native Hawaiian flora as sources of neuroactive compounds that may support neuroprotection and regeneration. These results provide a foundation for in vivo studies and further exploration of novel neurotherapeutic agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTED: Naamneh et al. Structure-Activity Relationship of Synthetic Linear KTS-Peptides Containing Meta-Aminobenzoic Acid as Antagonists of α1β1 Integrin with Anti-Angiogenic and Melanoma Anti-Tumor Activities. <i>Pharmaceuticals</i> 2024, <i>17</i>, 549.","authors":"Majdi Saleem Naamneh, Tatjana Momic, Michal Klazas, Julius Grosche, Johannes A Eble, Cezary Marcinkiewicz, Netaly Khazanov, Hanoch Senderowitz, Amnon Hoffman, Chaim Gilon, Jehoshua Katzhendler, Philip Lazarovici","doi":"10.3390/ph18091400","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18091400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The journal retracts the article titled \"Structure-Activity Relationship of Synthetic Linear KTS-Peptides Containing Meta-Aminobenzoic Acid as Antagonists of α1β1 Integrin with Anti-Angiogenic and Melanoma Anti-Tumor Activities\" [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12459660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal Muscle Aging: Enhancing Skeletal Muscle Integrity and Function as a Potential Pharmacological Approach.","authors":"Sibhghatulla Shaikh, Khurshid Ahmad, Jeong Ho Lim, Syed Sayeed Ahmad, Eun Ju Lee, Inho Choi","doi":"10.3390/ph18091407","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18091407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the increase in global life expectancy, preserving skeletal muscle (SM) health is essential for the overall well-being of older adults. Gradual decline in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance significantly contributes to frailty, reduced mobility, and heightened vulnerability to chronic diseases. These challenges underscore the need to formulate innovative strategies for safeguarding muscle health in aging demographics. This review analyzes the major biological and lifestyle factors influencing age-related changes, establishing a framework for understanding SM deterioration. The review focuses on structural and functional alterations of SM extracellular matrix components to identify potential intervention points for muscle waste mitigation. Additionally, we discuss novel interventions designed to preserve muscle mass and functionality. In older individuals, emerging pharmacological strategies, including innovative peptides and natural compounds, may mitigate catabolic processes, enhance muscle regeneration, and increase resilience. Concurrent lifestyle interventions, including specialized exercise regimens, nutritional enhancement, and stress reduction, augment these pharmacological approaches. This review provides a thorough resource for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals focused on functional capacity enhancement in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}