Journal for Political and Security Studies最新文献

The relationship of the Ayyubids with the eastern Christian forces 阿尤布王朝与东方基督教势力的关系

Journal for Political and Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.31271/10074

引用次数: 0

Local Administrative Decentralization in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq between Law and Reality (1992-2022) 法律与现实之间的伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区地方行政分权(1992-2022)

Journal for Political and Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.31271/10071

引用次数: 0

The nature of the relationship between media and politics in the United States of America (Donald Trump's treatment of social networking as a model) 美国媒体与政治关系的本质(唐纳德·特朗普以社交网络为榜样)

Journal for Political and Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.31271/10073

{"title":"The nature of the relationship between media and politics in the United States of America (Donald Trump's treatment of social networking as a model)","authors":"","doi":"10.31271/10073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31271/10073","url":null,"abstract":"This study: (The nature of the relationship between media and politics - former US President Donald Trump's dealings with social media as a model) deals with an important topic, which is the interactive nature between the fields of politics and the media, and the aim of this study is to know the nature of this relationship in the United States of America since the inception of this country, and the study focused on the nature of former US President Donald Trump’s dealings with social media.\u0000This relationship and the nature of dealing with the media were explained by political leaders in the United States of America through this study, and the researcher reached several results, including: that both media and politics occupy a large area of the history of the United States of America, And that this pattern of dealing with the space of social media has embarrassed the traditional media such as news agencies, satellite channels and famous newspapers in the United States of America and the world. and this relationship emerged through Donald Trump's use of social networking sites and his controversial handling of the media, the nature of this relationship with social networking sites by Trump has resulted in widespread controversy in political and media circles in the United States of America and the world during the spread of corona disease. Just as the media contribute to raising the profile of a political figure, it may stand against a political figure, as happened with Donald Trump, with the decision of social media companies to close Trump's accounts and fight him in the media, which has never happened with any former president in the United States of America.","PeriodicalId":201792,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Political and Security Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116908598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of women in the conflict between the opposition factions and the Abbasid authority (132-232 AH) 妇女在反对派和阿巴斯政权之间的冲突中所扮演的角色(西历132-232年)

Journal for Political and Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.31271/10075

{"title":"The role of women in the conflict between the opposition factions and the Abbasid authority (132-232 AH)","authors":"","doi":"10.31271/10075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31271/10075","url":null,"abstract":"During the Abbasid reign, compared to the previous eras, women had more freedom and came forward in many fields. As a result of that, they were able to play their roles politically. One of the movements which were in strong conflict with Abbasid authority was the Kharijites movement. On both eastern and western Islamic sides, women carried out their activities publicly and secretly and supported the movement considerably. Due to their easy comings and goings and lack of censuring on them, they had the task of transferring political and military messages. The Alawites, as an opposition movement of the Abbasid authority, since the beginning of the establishment of the state stood against the authority and considered themselves worthy of the Caliphate. In this arena, Alawite women had a remarkable role in politics and in delivering political messages among Alawite leaders, and consequently, they encountered imprisonment and violence. Another opponent group of the Abbasids was the Barmakids. Although they were initially supporters of the Abbasid authority and held high positions, eventually, due to a lot of interference and some wrong steps, for instance; secret marriages with girls in the Abbasid family, their relations deteriorated, and this is known as the disaster of the Barmakids fall. Regarding the Zandiqs, after their leader’smurder, some Zandiqi women were threatened by the Abbasids, and even the sources have talked about how some relatives of Zandiq leaders died as a result of their intimidation. Another prominent role of women in the conflicts between the authorities and the opposition was the action of spying by women. Even during the reign of Caliph Al-Ma'mun, about 1,700 old women were used for being aware of people’s conditions. Despite that, women were sent, in the guise of business people, employers, and doctors, to areas where opposition parties had hegemony to be aware of the movements and activities of the Abbasid opposition movements.","PeriodicalId":201792,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Political and Security Studies","volume":"405 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133539928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Nationalised Oil Industry to the Economic Developments in Iraq: What is learnt from history? 国有化石油工业对伊拉克经济发展的作用:从历史中学到了什么?

Journal for Political and Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.31271/10076

{"title":"The Role of Nationalised Oil Industry to the Economic Developments in Iraq: What is learnt from history?","authors":"","doi":"10.31271/10076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31271/10076","url":null,"abstract":"Oil and gas as the essential primary sources of energy have been critical factors in the lives of states in the past and modern times. Some oil-producing states had left part of their oil companies privatised, while some others nationalised them. Iraq as one of the global crude oil producers had nationalised its oil industry in the early 1970s. The research issue stems from the historical consideration of whether oil industry could support Iraq's economy if it was not nationalized. The research addresses the question why the oil industry was nationalised in Iraq, and what were the advantages and disadvantages of this nationalization to the coutry in general. The research objectives are to examine whether it depended on political or economic reasons, and what is learnt from the nationalisation outcome. The research outline starts with the literature on the historical perspective of why was the oil industry nationalised in Iraq. This will be followed by examining the concept of nationalization and the reasons behind them. The research then addresses the benefits and drawbacks of state ownership, which will be the subject of two separate sections. The research comes to conclusions that the nationalisation of oil industry in Iraq in early 1970s brought advantages to the country and its population, but was not problem free.","PeriodicalId":201792,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Political and Security Studies","volume":"464 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129579426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflection of the 1991 Mass Exodus in South Kurdistan on the Level of Formal and Informal foreign Institutions 1991年南库尔德斯坦大逃亡在正式和非正式外国机构层面的反思

Journal for Political and Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.31271/10072

引用次数: 0

The Economic and Constitutional Considerations in Allocating Spending Responsibilities in Federal Countries 联邦国家支出责任分配中的经济和宪法考虑

Journal for Political and Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.31271/10070

{"title":"The Economic and Constitutional Considerations in Allocating Spending Responsibilities in Federal Countries","authors":"","doi":"10.31271/10070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31271/10070","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses the assignment of spending responsibilities in federal countries, taking into account both economic and constitutional considerations. According to the theory of fiscal federalism, the economic functions of governments contain resource allocation, stabilization, and redistribution. However, it is also important to consider constitutional considerations, as federal systems are based on constitutions and the distribution of power between government levels is influenced by political and historical variables. While economic considerations are vital for achieving efficiency and equity, constitutional considerations are crucial for determining functions and responsibilities and safeguarding the distribution of power consistent with federalism principles. Therefore, this study begins by questioning the best allocation of spending responsibilities in light of economic and constitutional considerations, and what methods can be used to solve conflicts that arise in government financial relationships. We assume that economic considerations alone are not enough to design the financial system, especially in federal countries. While they theoretically explain what needs to be done to achieve economic equity and efficiency, constitutional considerations explain the types of constitutions in terms of details of power distribution in general, including financial matters and functional responsibilities for both central and regional governments. We concluded that there is no one-size-fits-all approach for all federal countries to distribute powers, as federal states operate in different political and historical settings, and the nature of intergovernmental fiscal relations are constantly changing.","PeriodicalId":201792,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Political and Security Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122050689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of the Political Thought of the Kharijites and Shia on the Kurds: The Islamic Middle Ages 2-5 AH / 8-11 AD 哈里发派和什叶派政治思想对库尔德人的影响:伊斯兰教中世纪(伊斯兰历2-5 /公元8-11

Journal for Political and Security Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31271/jopss.10068

ياسين محمد, صلاح إسماعيل

{"title":"The Impact of the Political Thought of the Kharijites and Shia on the Kurds: The Islamic Middle Ages 2-5 AH / 8-11 AD","authors":"ياسين محمد, صلاح إسماعيل","doi":"10.31271/jopss.10068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31271/jopss.10068","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to identify the political thought of two main ideological groups in Islamic history, namely; Kharijites and Shiites that share the near timing of the emergence. The research attempts, in the light of the historical and cultural research method, to investigate the reasons, how and the date of the arrival of the two sects to the Kurdish areas, and the relationship of the people of these areas with them. The disclosure of these questions constitutes the main axes of the research, especially in issues related to the imamate and the caliphate that are included in the investigations of the political thought of the two sects. The study presents the beginnings of Kurdish acquaintance with foreign and Shiite ideas and the motives for the participation of the Kurdish regions in the activities and ideological theses of both groups between the 2st-5th centuries AH / 8th-11th centuries AD. This period coincides with the Abbasid Caliphate's control of the reins of affairs and the intellectual development of Kurdish societies and their influence on the currents emanating from the center of government.","PeriodicalId":201792,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Political and Security Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130340237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of electronic newspapers on spreading the concept of genocide among the Aezidis 电子报纸在阿兹迪人中传播种族灭绝概念的影响

Journal for Political and Security Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31271/jopss.10064

شيماء صادق, علي جهاد رمضان

{"title":"The effect of electronic newspapers on spreading the concept of genocide among the Aezidis","authors":"شيماء صادق, علي جهاد رمضان","doi":"10.31271/jopss.10064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31271/jopss.10064","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of electronic newspapers has emerged as an inevitable, realistic and indispensable necessity in various fields. electronic newspapers are distinguished by their ability to influence and interact quickly as a new method in the field of media and communication and play an important and prominent role in the transfer of news and information in various fields and follow-up on what is broadcast on these sites, in monitoring what is happening in the internal and external environment, satisfying the psychological need and social. Our research topic talks about the role of social networking sites in spreading the concept of genocide among the Aezidis. This study aims to identify the role of social networking sites in spreading the concept of genocide among the Aezidis. The current study relied on the survey method through the questionnaire and statistical methods and test correlations. The main conclusions of the study were summarized as follows: 1. A large proportion of the respondents trust electronic newspapers to obtain information and news about the concept of genocide, and we conclude that the use of social media has become a daily necessity for different segments of society, especially the Aezidis. 2. The study proved the validity of the alternative hypothesis. There is a correlation of statistical significance between the demographic variables of the Aezidis and their use and their confidence in what social networking sites publish. 3. The study proved a significant direct correlation between the use and trust of the Aezidis on news and published materials to increase their knowledge ambition about the events and their utilitarian motives as a result of this trust and use.","PeriodicalId":201792,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Political and Security Studies","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114376943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adoption of Members of the Kurdistan Region Parliament on the News at the Kurdish Televisions in the Fight against Financial Corruption 库尔德斯坦地区议会成员通过库尔德电视台新闻打击金融腐败

Journal for Political and Security Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31271/jopss.10067

کاروخ رەزا, ئیبراهیم فەتحوڵا

引用次数: 0