Journal of African Real Estate Research最新文献

Factors Influencing Access to Urban Land for Private Housing Development in Minna, Nigeria 影响尼日利亚米纳私人住房开发获得城市土地的因素

Journal of African Real Estate Research Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.15641/jarer.v7i2.1205

N. Udoekanem, Umar Nagya

{"title":"Factors Influencing Access to Urban Land for Private Housing Development in Minna, Nigeria","authors":"N. Udoekanem, Umar Nagya","doi":"10.15641/jarer.v7i2.1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v7i2.1205","url":null,"abstract":"Land is a major factor of production and a vital asset in the socio-economic development of any country or society. Due to the continuous increase in urban population, resulting in rapid urbanisation, access to urban land has become a challenge in Minna. This paper examines the factors that influence access to urban land for private housing development in the city. The study adopted descriptive and causal research designs. Data for the study were obtained from field survey through structured questionnaire administered to private housing developers in the study area using simple random sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyse the data. The study found that titling and locational factors, socio-economic factors, procedural bottlenecks, land condition and accessibility are the significant factors that drive access to land for private housing development in the city. It recommends that stakeholders in land administration and management in the city should consider these factors in the land administration system to facilitate private developers’ access to land for private housing development in the city.","PeriodicalId":201649,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Real Estate Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130403078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Acquired Body of Knowledge: a Core Valuation Influencing Factor in Inter-valuer Variance 获得性知识体系:评估者间差异的核心评估影响因素

Journal of African Real Estate Research Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1115

T. Ashaolu, M. Bello

{"title":"Acquired Body of Knowledge: a Core Valuation Influencing Factor in Inter-valuer Variance","authors":"T. Ashaolu, M. Bello","doi":"10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1115","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns over valuation accuracy and variance cannot be over-flogged, given the somewhat fluid nature of these concepts. It is however, more apt to dig into their fundamental causative factors. This paper realizes that specialist valuer or appraiser has a chain of sequential tasks anchored on his distinguishing competencies. At the heart of this is sufficient knowledge of the attributes of his subject of valuation. Twenty-two (22) Nigerian valuers based within Lagos Metropolis were made to carry out valuation assessment of selected landed and non-landed property assets and were also examined on their perception of the adequacy of their acquired Body of Knowledge (BOK) relevant to each asset category. The variation/dispersion in their valuations is revealed by the Standard Deviation of the distribution, for Landed Property, being 7.77 while that of Non-Landed Property is 32.24; By employing the 10% maximum variation rule of Glover (1985), 9% of the valuers fall outside the limit in respect of Landed Property whereas, the figure rose to 64% for Non-Landed Property assets. This is indicative of remarkably higher internal inconsistencies among respondent valuers on Non-Landed Property Assets. Multiple regression analysis of the results indicated that all the adaptive knowledge variables exert positive influence on valuer’s competence in valuation of both Landed Property and Non-Landed Property Assets. In view of these findings, there is urgent need to review and expand underlying curriculum for training prospective valuers towards aligning theory with practice and enhance their competence across property types.","PeriodicalId":201649,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Real Estate Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127841392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Between Official Orthodoxy and Received Wisdom: Explaining Urban House Vacancies in Nigeria 在官方的正统观念和公认的智慧之间:解释尼日利亚的城市住房空缺

Journal of African Real Estate Research Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1128

N. Onwuanyi

{"title":"Between Official Orthodoxy and Received Wisdom: Explaining Urban House Vacancies in Nigeria","authors":"N. Onwuanyi","doi":"10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1128","url":null,"abstract":"Housing policies demonstrate the importance of shelter in the hierarchy of human needs. Therefore, Nigeria has a history of initiatives, handled by a ministry of housing, to stimulate housing production. However, recently expressed views by the housing minister suggest a new official thinking which, if officially embraced, could have undesirable implications for the sector. The views dispute the much mentioned 20 million-unit housing shortfall; deny the existence of any shortfall because of observed urban vacancies; suggest that all vacant houses are available for use and can be utilised for existent urban needs; and attribute rising urban housing demand exclusively to rural-urban migration. In this paper, these views are examined, particularly because Nigeria has ordinarily not been associated with housing sufficiency; Nigeria’s characteristic situation of rapidly rising rents suggest a supply insufficiency; every vacant house may not be available for occupation; and urban migration can also come from non-rural sources. Data for the study comes from the archives, received wisdom on the operations of the housing industry and empirical findings in housing economics. The findings reveal that a lack of data evidence is enough justification for the minster’s dismissal of the much mentioned 20 million-unit shortfall, but not the complete absence of a shortfall. The assertion that vacancies imply an oversupply is equally unsubstantiated by data and unsupported by received wisdom. Also the view that all vacancies imply availability is misplaced; and the claim that urban migration is entirely of rural origin disregards urban-urban migration. The conclusion is that the claims of an oversupply and absence of a housing shortfall are unfounded, particularly in the absence of data evidence, the same grounds for official dismissal of the 20 million-unit shortfall. The study recommends that the ministry should have a “rethink and understand the problem”, particularly how the housing market works.","PeriodicalId":201649,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Real Estate Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115557950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forestalling Conflict in Compensation of Compulsorily Acquired Customary Land: The Intergenerational Payment Option 强制征用习惯地补偿中的预防冲突:代际支付选择

Journal of African Real Estate Research Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1116

D. Olapade, Olawale Ojikutu, B. Aluko

{"title":"Forestalling Conflict in Compensation of Compulsorily Acquired Customary Land: The Intergenerational Payment Option","authors":"D. Olapade, Olawale Ojikutu, B. Aluko","doi":"10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1116","url":null,"abstract":"Land in the traditional African society is owned in collectivism and does not belong to individuals but the entire family which comprises the living, the reverend souls of the ancestors and the generations yet unborn. Meanwhile, when a family land is acquired compulsorily by the government or through the market by private firms, only a few family members of the family enjoy the compensation proceeds. The under-aged family members and the yet unborn generations are usually left out from the compensation proceeds from the family heritage (land). This has resulted in encroachment of land and land conflict to reclaim lost heritage by the then under-aged family members and the “yet unborn” generation when they come of age. It has also resulted in violent land conflicts and delay in projects planned for the acquired land. This paper examines the prospect of using intergenerational compensation (IGC) which will extend payment beyond a generation as a strategy for compensation in the customary land acquisition process. Utilising a qualitative approach, the paper examines the views of representatives of 23 selected indigenous landholding families (ILFs) and key informants in government offices providing land administrative services (GOPLAS) in Lagos State on the concept of intergenerational compensation. The findings reveal the willingness of the ILFs to accept the IGC payment strategy but the GOPLAS were unwilling to support the strategy. It also provides information on reasons for the support and opposition to the strategy and how it can be implemented.","PeriodicalId":201649,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Real Estate Research","volume":"35 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114114928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing a Contextual Framework for Land Value Capture in Lagos, Nigeria 在尼日利亚拉各斯制定土地价值获取的背景框架

Journal of African Real Estate Research Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1152

F. Famuyiwa

{"title":"Developing a Contextual Framework for Land Value Capture in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"F. Famuyiwa","doi":"10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1152","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at developing a framework to guide the use of Land Value Capture (LVC) as a financing mechanism for infrastructure development in Lagos State, Nigeria. This is geared towards facilitating sustainable economic development in the region. Being a desk research, the methodology adopted was a literature survey. This was in order to identify baseline conditions necessary for the efficient application of LVC. The conditions identified, were then analyzed in terms of their workability within the context of the study area. Data was drawn from research articles, case studies, policy papers, and publications from relevant intergovernmental organizations. In addition to developing a framework, which guides the use of LVC in the study area, the study found that there is potential for the application of LVC in Lagos. Areas requiring minimal intervention include the existence of a vibrant property market and lead implementing institution. The state’s current inability to fully capitalize on LVC, are in the areas of having a strategic national vision, a clear policy framework, sound structure for institutional development finance, and an effective land title documentation system. This is the first study that develops a framework for the use of LVC specifically for Lagos. Further, the paper contextualizes the baseline conditions for LVC in Lagos, Nigeria, presenting an alternate finance mechanism for infrastructure development revenue in the region.","PeriodicalId":201649,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Real Estate Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116108845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Education and Training of Valuation Surveyors in Uganda 乌干达估价测量师的教育和培训评价

Journal of African Real Estate Research Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1141

Racheal Wesonga, Ronald Kaweesi, Pamela O. Acheng, N. Kibwami, M. Manga

{"title":"Evaluation of the Education and Training of Valuation Surveyors in Uganda","authors":"Racheal Wesonga, Ronald Kaweesi, Pamela O. Acheng, N. Kibwami, M. Manga","doi":"10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1141","url":null,"abstract":"In the developing world, matching the education and training of Valuation Surveyors with the needs of the industry is increasingly becoming challenging. This is largely due to globalisation, commercialisation, and advancements in information and communications technology, among others. In Uganda, while curricula are reviewed at least every after five years, the technologies and the market requirements continue to evolve, affecting the skills and knowledge passed on to graduates at universities and other tertiary institutions. This paper evaluates the education and training of Valuation Surveyors in Uganda, through a stakeholder survey, to determine the gaps in training and suggest ways on how to fill the gaps and consequently improve the valuation surveying curriculum. A questionnaire designed to capture both quantitative and qualitative data was administered to valuation practitioners and students. Over 49% of the respondents suggested the need for constant review of curriculum and adoption of a more practical approach to learning, as one of the major ways of bridging the gap between the education system and the changing industry. The findings of the study can be used by stakeholders in the education sector, to identify and prioritise the training needs of valuation students in different institutions for quality improvement purposes.","PeriodicalId":201649,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Real Estate Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116064661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotional Intelligence and its Application to Real Estate Service Quality: A Knowledge Gap Analysis 情商及其在房地产服务质量中的应用:知识差距分析

Journal of African Real Estate Research Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1020

D. Akinwamide, J. Hahn

{"title":"Emotional Intelligence and its Application to Real Estate Service Quality: A Knowledge Gap Analysis","authors":"D. Akinwamide, J. Hahn","doi":"10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1020","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for quality of service among practicing firms of real estate to achieving customers’ satisfaction has become the major concern of real estate professional bodies. However, customers’ satisfaction is influenced by their emotional needs in decision making. Therefore, this study develops a conceptualized model for measuring service quality among practicing firms of real estate with the application of emotional intelligence. To assess customers’ satisfaction level, the knowledge gap between perception of real estate firms on expectation of customers and the actual customers’ expected service in the Lagos property market in Nigeria were analyzed. A random selection of 100 members of Nigerian Estate Surveyors and Valuers with a total of 400 real estate customers was purposively selected and administered with a structured questionnaire, However, only 85 retrieved questionnaires from real estate firms and a total of 362 real estate customers responded and utilized for analyzing the data. Knowledge gap analysis model with weighted mean score was employed for data analysis. Findings depicted that real estate firms have a basic knowledge barrier on the adoption of emotional intelligence (with more emphasis on self-awareness and social skills determinants) as an instrument of real estate service quality to satisfy customers’ emotional needs in delivery of service among the practitioners. Therefore, practitioners in the real estate firms need to improve on their knowledge of emotional intelligence as an instrument of real estate service quality to enhance customers’ satisfaction on emotional needs.","PeriodicalId":201649,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Real Estate Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124002463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender, Socio-Economic and Socio-Cultural Correlates of Entrepreneurial Intentions of Real Estate Students: An Empirical Analysis 性别、社会经济和社会文化对房地产专业学生创业意向的影响:实证分析

Journal of African Real Estate Research Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.15641/jarer.v6i2.965

T. Ayodele, A. Agboola, Benjamin Gbolahan Ekomode, Olutayo Isaac Ayorinde

{"title":"Gender, Socio-Economic and Socio-Cultural Correlates of Entrepreneurial Intentions of Real Estate Students: An Empirical Analysis","authors":"T. Ayodele, A. Agboola, Benjamin Gbolahan Ekomode, Olutayo Isaac Ayorinde","doi":"10.15641/jarer.v6i2.965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v6i2.965","url":null,"abstract":"Extant studies have documented cases of male domination and gender discrimination against women in real estate and construction businesses. It is not clear whether or not the sociocultural barriers to women’s rights to land and even real estate business opportunities have any influence on the entrepreneurial motivations and aspirations of real estate students in emerging Africa markets, and if there are gendered differences to this. Primary data were collected using closed-ended questionnaires administered on final year real estate students from three major universities in Nigeria. The study employed descriptive and inferential techniques, mainly independent sample t-test, factor analysis, correlation analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The study revealed that the influential motivators of entrepreneurial intentions amongst real estate students were financial freedom/flexibility, personal preference/fulfilment, economic interest and prestige/status. However, an examination of the barriers revealed some gendered differences. While “sociocultural barriers to starting a real estate business” was rated 12th by male respondents rated with a mean value of 3.13, it was rated as the third most influential barrier with a mean of 3.59 by the female respondents. This study provides evidence on the entrepreneurial intentions of real estate students in the context of a real estate business environment in an emerging African market; that is particularly characterized by male domination and socio-cultural and bureaucratic discrimination against women, and how such foundations may shape their aspirations and inclinations towards particular aspect of real estate business practice in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":201649,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Real Estate Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116527582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Enhanced Indoor Environmental Quality and the Link to Individual Productivity and Organisational Performance: A Scoping Review 改善室内环境质素及其与个人生产力和组织表现的关系:范围检讨

Journal of African Real Estate Research Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.15641/jarer.v6i2.1062

Saul Nurick, A. Thatcher

{"title":"Enhanced Indoor Environmental Quality and the Link to Individual Productivity and Organisational Performance: A Scoping Review","authors":"Saul Nurick, A. Thatcher","doi":"10.15641/jarer.v6i2.1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v6i2.1062","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a scoping literature review of research methods that seek to measure individual productivity and organisational performance in office buildings containing enhanced green building features and initiatives that focus on Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ). The paper follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) framework and includes thirty-nine academic papers for the period 2000 to 2020. Different research instruments are discussed, including post-occupancy evaluations (POE), longitudinal surveys, and interviews. Furthermore, a narrative focuses on specific measures, including location, amenities, comfort, engagement, individual productivity, and organisational performance. This provides insight into common research approaches and highlights where lesser used research approaches could be applied in the field of green building features and initiatives (GBFIs), including the assessment of individual productivity and organisational performance. Key findings highlight that individual productivity was measured via self-assessment in previous research. At the same time, there has been no research that has successfully measured organisational performance within the context of GBFIs. Gaps have been identified in the literature concerning the relationship between knowledge-based building occupants and measuring/monetising the implementation of GBFIs. Implications of this research indicate that there are common approaches that highlight both strengths and, more importantly, weaknesses concerning linking GBFIs to individual productivity and organisational performance. Addressing weaknesses that predominantly encompass measuring organisational performance creates the opportunity for future research in this field.","PeriodicalId":201649,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Real Estate Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129712737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Resource Utilization of Tertiary Education Trust Fund Intervention Projects in Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria 尼日利亚卡杜纳州扎里亚努胡巴马利理工学院高等教育信托基金干预项目的资源利用情况

Journal of African Real Estate Research Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.15641/jarer.v6i2.1003

I. Abdullahi, H. Muhammad

{"title":"Resource Utilization of Tertiary Education Trust Fund Intervention Projects in Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"I. Abdullahi, H. Muhammad","doi":"10.15641/jarer.v6i2.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v6i2.1003","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) intervention projects and space utilisation in Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic (NUBAPOLY) Zaria of Kaduna state, Nigeria. The study relates to the funding and utilisation of physical projects in NUBAPOLY. The study population consisted of all the twenty-one (21) staff of the physical planning department of Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria. The respondents were selected based on a convenience sampling technique. A total of 21 copies of the questionnaire were administered and retrieved from the respondents. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings from the study revealed that the construction of new buildings (52.4%) and the provision of laboratory equipment and furniture (33.7%) had the highest allocation of funds, respectively. The overall space utilisation for NUBAPOLY is 43.60%. In comparison, renovation of buildings had the least (1.0%). Based on these findings, it was recommended that TETFund should ensure adequate utilisation of its intervention projects through supervision and inspection. The management of Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic should make optimum utilisation of TETFund intervention projects, especially on the Main and Annex campuses, to improve the quality of education.","PeriodicalId":201649,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Real Estate Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127221228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0