Physical Sciences Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Biopolymeric conjugation with synthetic fibers and applications","authors":"T. Biswal","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0183","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Presently, several different kinds of polymer composite materials of varying properties have been developed and these composite materials play a vital role in construction and automotive industries. Polymer composites are normally preferred owing to some of their unique properties such as light weight, low cost, good surface finishes, more durability, and non-corrosiveness. But it is a challenge to environmental sustainability, therefore researchers are emphasizing on development of new modified biodegradable polymer composite materials. The biopolymer matrix reinforced by synthetic fibers is a viable alternative, which exhibits adequate mechanical properties and biodegradability. Although various advanced and improved composite materials are developed by using synthetic fibers, natural fibers, and nanoparticles, the use of synthetic fibers as reinforcing material is cost effective and shows improved performance. Among the various kinds of synthetic fibers, normally glass fibers (GF) in the form of short fiber are the most widely used reinforcing material, which is cost effective, provides good impact resistance, stiffness, strength, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. For requirement of high stiffness of the composite material, carbon fibers (CF) are more suitable than GF. Some other synthetic fibers such as aramid (AF), polypropylene fibers (PP-F), polyacrylonitrile fiber (PAN-F), basalt (BF), and polyethylene terephthalate fiber (PET-F) are some cases used as reinforcing material for synthesis of composites. The composite reinforced with synthetic fibers are used as a highly suitable material for manufacturing of various components in cars, space vehicles and railways. Recently some new hybrid composite materials are developed by using both natural and synthetic fibers as reinforcing material, which exhibits dynamic thermal, mechanical properties and potentially suitable from automobile to construction industry. Recently, numerous new biomaterial composite has been developed by using biopolymer as matrix with reinforcement of various kinds of synthetic fibers, which are used as good implant material for tissue engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"36 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72406059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/psr-2023-frontmatter8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2023-frontmatter8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136260738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Succinic acid: applications and microbial production using organic wastes as low cost substrates","authors":"M. Raj, T.Ramya Devi, Prof Vikas Kumar, P. Mishra, S. Upadhyay, M. Yadav, A. Sharma, N. Sehrawat, Sunil Kumar, Manoj Singh","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Succinic acid is a valuable organic acid with a high commercial value that may be employed in a variety of sectors including food, cosmetics, and chemistry. Through bacterial fermentation, succinic acid can be easily produced. This paper includes a broad body of literature assessment spanning the previous two decades on the evaluation of succinic acid (SA) production procedures in to further drive research toward membrane-based sustainable and affordable production. The best natural method of SA producer is through Actinobacillus succinogenes. The process of microbial fermentation is used to produce bio-succinic acid utilizing agro-industrial waste. There are different methods under metabolic engineering which are being frequently used for bio-based succinic acid production using representative microorganisms, such as Mannheimia succiniciproducens, Pichia kudriavzevii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Actinobacillus succinogenes, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Basfia succiniciproducens, and Escherichia coli. This review summarizes the evolution of microbial production, fermentative methods, various organic substrates and the effects of efforts to recover and refine components for a wide range of applications in the perspective of biologically produced succinic acid for commercialization state.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88754121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial electrotechnology – Intensification of bioprocesses through the combination of electrochemistry and biotechnology","authors":"M. Stöckl, André Gemünde, D. Holtmann","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0108","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Both biotechnological and electrochemical processes have economic and environmental significance. In particular, biotechnological processes are very specific and stable, while electrochemical processes are generally very atom-and energy-efficient. A combination of these processes is therefore a potentially important approach to intensify biotechnological processes. In this paper, the relevant options for process integration are presented, key performance indicators for quantitative evaluation are given, and an evaluation based on performance indicators is carried out using the example of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate and the subsequent biotechnological conversion to the biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81778603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/psr-2023-frontmatter7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2023-frontmatter7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135607787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose","authors":"R. Syafiq, R. A. Ilyas, L. Rajeshkumar, F. Al-Oqla, Y. Nukman, M. Zuhri, A. Atiqah, S. M. K. Thiagamani, S. Bangar, C. Barile, Sapuan S.M.","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The need for flexible food packaging has increased substantially in recent years around the world due to the unprecedented growth in food consumption. Due to low cost and ease of processing, petroleum-based synthetic polymer packaging materials are being predominantly used for food packaging these days. To avoid contributing to environmental problems caused by ecological risks, consumers have been searching for alternatives to plastic food packaging due to the fact that plastics cannot be recycled and are not biodegradable. Therefore, bioplastics made from corn starch, which are biodegradable, can be one solution to these issues. The starch’s amylopectin and amylase composition has a significant impact on the polysaccharide’s characteristics. Corn starch (CS) is utilized as a food source for humans and other animals, but it also has many other applications in industry. Corn starch, on the other hand, has a few issues that need to be addressed through some modifications. Although starch-based packaging is expensive, they create less waste overall, which helps in the reduction amount of plastic pollution. A variety of natural and synthetic polymers – including polysaccharide-based materials like Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed, collagen, alginate, chitosan, zein, cellulose, gelatin, various amino acids and polymeric materials like acrylic acid, polybutylene (PB), polyacrylic acid, polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) – are used as starch modifiers to produce polymers with a starch base that are completely biodegradable. These biopolymers have the potential to replacing petroleum-based polymers in a variety of commercial and industrial settings. Besides, corn starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose have been investigated as a potential eco-friendly packaging material. Consequently, the effects of nanocellulose content on the mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of corn starch-based films will be discussed in this work.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90307985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulations for food packaging materials","authors":"Nur Amalina Amirullah, Mohd Hafif Samsudin, Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, Norizan Mohd Nurazzi, Mohd Azwan Jenol, Husain Siti Nor Hawanis, A. A. N. Gunny","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Food safety and quality are essential concerns for consumers worldwide. One way to ensure that the food we consume meets these standards is through proper food regulation. While there are various aspects of food regulation, one critical aspect is the regulations for food packaging materials. As such, this book chapter has been written to provide an in-depth overview of the regulations for food packaging materials in different continents, namely Asia, Europe, and America. The chapter delves into several countries in each continent, such as Malaysia, Japan, Australia, China, the United States, and South Africa, and discusses their specific food packaging regulations. This chapter also emphasizes the importance of considering the composition, migration properties, and potential for contamination of food packaging materials. It highlights the need for regulations to ensure that food packaging materials do not adversely affect the safety and quality of food products. In light of the evolving food packaging industry, the chapter further underscores the need for continuous evaluation and improvement of food packaging regulations. This is crucial to keep up with emerging risks and new technologies that may arise and impact the safety and quality of food.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135860168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Random and block architectures of N-arylitaconimide monomers with methyl methacrylate","authors":"Chetana Deoghare","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0327","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract “Itaconimide” is the members of imide (–CO–NH–CO–) family with reactive exocyclic double bond and it is easily obtained from the renewable resource i.e. D-glucose. The polymerization of various N-arylitaconimide (NAI) monomers with methyl methacrylate (MMA) have been reported to improve the glass transition temperature (T g) and thermal stability of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). In literature, these studies have been done mostly using conventional free radical polymerization methods, which restricts the architecture of copolymers to “random” only. The block copolymers of NAI and MMA are an important due to the combination of glassy PMMA and thermally stable poly(NAI), which offers its applications for higher temperature service. The architectural control of polymers in provisions of its topology, composition, and various functionalities is possibly obtained using reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs). In RDRPs, the concentration of free radical is controlled in such a way that the termination reactions are minimized (normally in range of 1–10 mol%), and not allowed to obstruct with the desired architecture. However, this is possible by achieving (or by establishing) a rapid dynamic equilibrium between propagating radical and dormant species (i.e. R–X). Among all RDRPs, the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is very popular and adaptable method for the synthesis of polymers with specifically controlled architecture. Two different architectures of NAI and MMA copolymers are reported using ATRP process. The effect of various pedant groups on the rate constants of propagation (k p) and thermal properties NAI and MMA copolymers is studied. The poly(NAI-ran-MMA)-b-poly(MMA) are stable up to 200 °C and degraded in three steps. Whereas, the poly(NAI-ran-MMA)-b-poly(NAI) are stable up to 330 °C and degraded in two steps. The density functional theory methods are used for calculation of equilibrium constants (K ATRP) for the ATRP process for the series of laboratory synthesized alkyl halides. A good agreement was observed between the experimentally determined and theoretically calculated K ATRP values. The mechanistic studies are carried for poly(NAI-ran-MMA) copolymer system using statistical model discrimination method along with 1H decoupled 13C NMR spectroscopy. For studying the mechanism of copolymerization of NAI and MMA via ATRP methods, “trimer model or penultimate model” will be more accurate than “dimer model or terminal model”.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72714992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystalline materials in art and conservation: verdigris pigments – what we know and what we still don’t know","authors":"S. Bette, G. Eggert, R. Dinnebier","doi":"10.1515/psr-2018-0154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2018-0154","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Verdigris is a collective term for synthetic copper based green and blue pigments that have been used by mankind since the antiquity. As the term is only loosely defined it covers a great variety of chemical compounds. All of them contain copper but also acetate, formate, hydroxide, water and sometimes also chloride, carbonate and sulphate. This article focusses on the verdigris phases related to the ternary system Cu(CH3COO)2–Cu(OH)2–H2O, which are commonly denoted according to their chemical composition as x–y–z phases. Besides neutral verdigris (1–0–0 and 1–0–1 phase), several basic verdigris phases (2–1–5, 1–1–5, 1–2–0, 1–3–0, 1–3–2, 1–4–3, 7–1–4) have been reported. These compounds can be obtained either by intentional corrosion of copper metal by direct contact with acetic acid and its vapours, which represents the historic pigment manufacturing or by incomplete precipitation from copper(II) acetate solutions. Due to their slow crystallisation behaviour the synthesis of verdigris pigments usually leads to multiphase and polycrystalline samples, which impedes the phase characterisation, in particular of the basic verdigris samples. Hence, most crystal structures that have been published were solved ab-initio from X-ray powder diffraction data by applying global optimisation methods like simulated annealing or charge flipping. Up to now the crystal structures of the 1–0–0, 1–0–1, 1–3–2, 1–2–0 and 2–1–5 phases were determined, the spectral and physical properties of these compounds completely characterise and therefore their existence and their chemical composition unambiguously proven. Investigations on historic verdigris samples and systematic synthesis approaches, however, show that there are at least four additional, hitherto unknown pigment phases. Information on the thermodynamical stability and the solubility of the verdigris phases are also lacking.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72805190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/psr-2023-frontmatter6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2023-frontmatter6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"4 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136136996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}