Northern European Journal of Language Technology最新文献

{"title":"DANSK: Domain Generalization of Danish Named Entity Recognition","authors":"K. Enevoldsen, Emil Trenckner Jessen, Rebekah Baglini","doi":"10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2024.5249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2024.5249","url":null,"abstract":"Named entity recognition is an important application within Danish NLP, essential within both industry and research. However, Danish NER is inhibited by a lack coverage across domains and entity types. As a consequence, no current models are capable of fine-grained named entity recognition, nor have they been evaluated for potential generalizability issues across datasets and domains. To alleviate these limitations, this paper introduces: 1) DANSK: a named entity dataset providing for high-granularity tagging as well as within-domain evaluation of models across a diverse set of domains; 2) and three generalizable models with fine-grained annotation available in DaCy 2.6.0; and 3) an evaluation of current state-of-the-art models’ ability to generalize across domains. The evaluation of existing and new models revealed notable performance discrepancies across domains, which should be addressed within the field. Shortcomings of the annotation quality of the dataset and its impact on model training and evaluation are also discussed. Despite these limitations, we advocate for the use of the new dataset DANSK alongside further work ongeneralizability within Danish NER.","PeriodicalId":201379,"journal":{"name":"Northern European Journal of Language Technology","volume":"121 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Structured Prediction with Transformer Encoders","authors":"Ali Basirat","doi":"10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2024.4932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2024.4932","url":null,"abstract":"Finetuning is a useful method for adapting Transformer-based text encoders to new tasks but can be computationally expensive for structured prediction tasks that require tuning at the token level. Furthermore, finetuning is inherently inefficient in updating all base model parameters, which prevents parameter sharing across tasks. To address these issues, we propose a method for efficient task adaptation of frozen Transformer encoders based on the local contribution of their intermediate layers to token representations. Our adapter uses a novel attention mechanism to aggregate intermediate layers and tailor the resulting representations to a target task. Experiments on several structured prediction tasks demonstrate that our method outperforms previous approaches, retaining over 99% of the finetuning performance at a fraction of the training cost. Our proposed method offers an efficient solution for adapting frozen Transformer encoders to new tasks, improving performance and enabling parameter sharing across different tasks.","PeriodicalId":201379,"journal":{"name":"Northern European Journal of Language Technology","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QUA-RC: the semi-synthetic dataset of multiple choice questions for assessing reading comprehension in Ukrainian","authors":"M. Zyrianova, Dmytro Kalpakchi","doi":"10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2023.4939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2023.4939","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we present the first dataset of multiple choice questions for assessing reading comprehension in Ukrainian. The dataset is based on the texts from the Ukrainian national tests for reading comprehension, and the MCQs themselves are created semi-automatically in three stages. The first stage was to use GPT-3 to generate the MCQs zero-shot, the second stage was to select MCQs of sufficient quality and revise the ones with minor errors, whereas the final stage was to expand the dataset with the MCQs written manually. The dataset is created by the Ukrainian language native speakers, one of whom is also a language teacher. The resulting corpus has slightly more than 900 MCQs, of which only 43 MCQs could be kept as they were generated by GPT-3.","PeriodicalId":201379,"journal":{"name":"Northern European Journal of Language Technology","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139269189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource papers as registered reports: a proposal","authors":"Emiel van Miltenburg","doi":"10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2023.4884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2023.4884","url":null,"abstract":"This is a proposal for publishing resource papers as registered reports in the Northern European Journal of Language Technology. The idea is that authors write a data collection plan with a full data statement, to the extent that it can be written before data collection starts. Once the proposal is approved, publication of the final resource paper is guaranteed, as long as the data collection plan is followed (modulo reasonable changes due to unforeseen circumstances). This proposal changes the reviewing process from an antagonistic to a collaborative enterprise, and hopefully encourages NLP resources to develop and publish more high-quality datasets. The key advantage of this proposal is that it helps to promote responsible resource development (through constructive peer review) and to avoid research waste.","PeriodicalId":201379,"journal":{"name":"Northern European Journal of Language Technology","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121223386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NL-Augmenter: A Framework for Task-Sensitive Natural Language Augmentation","authors":"Kaustubh D. Dhole, Varun Gangal, Sebastian Gehrmann, Aadesh Gupta, Zhenhao Li, Saad Mahamood, Abinaya Mahadiran, Simon Mille, Ashish Shrivastava, Samson Tan, Tongshang Wu, Jascha Narain Sohl-Dickstein, Jinho Choi, Eduard Hovy, Ondřej Dušek, Sebastian Ruder, Sajant Anand, Nagender Aneja, Rabin Banjade, Lisa Barthe, Hanna Behnke, Ian Berlot-Attwell, Connor Boyle, Caroline Brun, Marco Antonio Sobrevilla Cabezudo, Samuel Cahyawijaya, E. Chapuis, Wanxiang Che, Mukund Choudhary, Christian Clauss, Pierre Colombo, Filip Cornell, Gautier Dagan, Mayukh Das, Tanay Dixit, Thomas Dopierre, Paul-Alexis Dray, Suchitra Dubey, Tatiana Ekeinhor, Marco Di Giovanni, Tanya Goyal, Rishabh Gupta, Louanes Hamla, Sanghyun Han, Fabrice Harel-Canada, Antoine Honoré, Ishan Jindal, Przemyslaw K. Joniak, D. Kleyko, Venelin Kovatchev, Kalpesh Krishna, Ashutosh Kumar, Stefan Langer, Seungjae Ryan Lee, Corey J. Levinson, Hualou Liang, Kaizhao Liang, Zhexiong Liu, Andrey Lukyanenko, V. Marivate, Gerard De Melo, Simon Meoni, Maxine Meyer, ","doi":"10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2023.4725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2023.4725","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Data augmentation is an important method for evaluating the robustness of and enhancing the diversity of training data for natural language processing (NLP) models. In this paper, we present NL-Augmenter, a new participatory Python-based natural language (NL) augmentation framework which supports the creation of transformations (modifications to the data) and filters (data splits according to specific features). We describe the framework and an initial set of 117 transformations and 23 filters for a variety of NL tasks annotated with noisy descriptive tags. The transformations incorporate noise, intentional and accidental human mistakes, socio-linguistic variation, semantically-valid style, syntax changes, as well as artificial constructs that are unambiguous to humans. We demonstrate the efficacy of NL-Augmenter by using its transformations to analyze the robustness of popular language models. We find different models to be differently challenged on different tasks, with quasi-systematic score decreases. The infrastructure, datacards, and robustness evaluation results are publicly available on GitHub for the benefit of researchers working on paraphrase generation, robustness analysis, and low-resource NLP.\u0000El aumento de datos es un método importante para evaluar la solidez y mejorar la diversidad del entrenamiento datos para modelos de procesamiento de lenguaje natural (NLP). इस लेख में, हम एनएल-ऑगमेंटर का प्रस्ताव करते हैं - एक नया भागी- दारी पूर्वक, पायथन में बनाया गया, लैंग्वेज (एनएल) ऑग्मेंटेशन फ्रेमवर्क जो ट्रांसफॉर्मेशन (डेटा में बदलाव करना) और फीलटर (फीचर्स के अनुसार डेटा का भाग करना) के नीरमान का समर्थन करता है।. 我们描述了NL-Augmenter框架及其初步包含的117种转换和23个过滤器，并 大致标注分类了一系列可适配的自然语言任务. این دگرگونی ها شامل نویز، اشتباهات عمدی و تصادفی انسانی، تنوع اجتماعی-زبانی، سبک معنایی معتبر، تغییرات نحوی و همچنین ساختارهای مصنوعی است که برای انسان ها مبهم است. NL-Augmenterpa allin kaynintam qawachiyku, tikrakuyninku- nata servichikuspayku, chaywanmi qawariyku modelos de lenguaje popular nisqapa allin takyasqa kayninta. Kami menemukan model yang berbeda ditantang secara berbeda pada tugas yang berbeda, dengan penurunan skor kuasi-sistematis. Infrastruktur, kartu data, dan hasil evaluasi ketahanan dipublikasikan tersedia secara gratis di GitHub untuk kepentingan para peneliti yang mengerjakan pembuatan parafrase, analisis ketahanan, dan NLP sumber daya rendah.\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":201379,"journal":{"name":"Northern European Journal of Language Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122294696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmark for Evaluation of Danish Clinical Word Embeddings","authors":"M. Laursen, J. Pedersen, P. Vinholt, R. Hansen, T. Savarimuthu","doi":"10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2023.4132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2023.4132","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000In natural language processing, benchmarks are used to track progress and identify useful models. Currently, no benchmark for Danish clinical word embeddings exists. This paper describes the development of a Danish benchmark for clinical word embeddings. The clinical benchmark consists of ten datasets: eight intrinsic and two extrinsic. Moreover, we evaluate word embeddings trained on text from the clinical domain, general practitioner domain and general domain on the established benchmark. All the intrinsic tasks of the benchmark are publicly available.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":201379,"journal":{"name":"Northern European Journal of Language Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114840685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and enabling factors for error analysis in NLG research","authors":"Emiel van Miltenburg, Miruna Clinciu, Ondrej Dusek, Dimitra Gkatzia, Stephanie Inglis, Leo Leppänen, Saad Mahamood, S. Schoch, Craig Thomson, Luou Wen","doi":"10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2023.4529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2023.4529","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier research has shown that few studies in Natural Language Generation (NLG) evaluate their system outputs using an error analysis, despite known limitations of automatic evaluation metrics and human ratings. This position paper takes the stance that error analyses should be encouraged, and discusses several ways to do so. This paper is not just based on our shared experience as authors, but we also distributed a survey as a means of public consultation. We provide an overview of existing barriers to carry out error analyses, and proposes changes to improve error reporting in the NLG literature.","PeriodicalId":201379,"journal":{"name":"Northern European Journal of Language Technology","volume":"100 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128012759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PARSEME Meets Universal Dependencies: Getting on the Same Page in Representing Multiword Expressions","authors":"Agata Savary, Sara Stymne, Verginica Barbu Mititelu, Nathan Schneider, Carlos Ramisch, Joakim Nivre","doi":"10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2023.4453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2023.4453","url":null,"abstract":"Multiword expressions (MWEs) are challenging and pervasive phenomena whose idiosyncratic properties show notably at the levels of lexicon, morphology, and syntax. Thus, they should best be annotated jointly with morphosyntax. We discuss two multilingual initiatives, Universal Dependencies and PARSEME, addressing these annotation layers in cross-lingually unified ways. We compare the annotation principles of these initiatives with respect to MWEs, and we put forward a roadmap towards their gradual unification. The expected outcomes are more consistent treebanking and higher universality in modeling idiosyncrasy.","PeriodicalId":201379,"journal":{"name":"Northern European Journal of Language Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127353296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreword to NEJLT Volume 8, 2022","authors":"Leon Derczynski","doi":"10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2022.4617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2022.4617","url":null,"abstract":"An introduction to the Northern European Journal of Language Technology in 2022","PeriodicalId":201379,"journal":{"name":"Northern European Journal of Language Technology","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124789549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Part-of-Speech and Morphological Tagging of Algerian Judeo-Arabic","authors":"Ofra Tirosh-Becker, Michal Kessler, Oren M. Becker, Yonatan Belinkov","doi":"10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2022.4315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.2022.4315","url":null,"abstract":"Most linguistic studies of Judeo-Arabic, the ensemble of dialects spoken and written by Jews in Arab lands, are qualitative in nature and rely on laborious manual annotation work, and are therefore limited in scale. In this work, we develop automatic methods for morpho-syntactic tagging of Algerian Judeo-Arabic texts published by Algerian Jews in the 19th–20th centuries, based on a linguistically tagged corpus. First, we describe our semi-automatic approach for preprocessing these texts. Then, we experiment with both an off-the-shelf morphological tagger and several specially designed neural network taggers. Finally, we perform a real-world evaluation of new texts that were never tagged before in comparison with human expert annotators. Our experimental results demonstrate that these methods can dramatically speed up and improve the linguistic research pipeline, enabling linguists to study these dialects on a much greater scale.","PeriodicalId":201379,"journal":{"name":"Northern European Journal of Language Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131311674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}