Spring 2021最新文献

{"title":"Lizards of the World: Natural History and Taxon Accounts","authors":"R. Avery","doi":"10.33256/HB155.5051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/HB155.5051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":201345,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2021","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126840780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of kyphosis in adult male Cyren’s rock lizard\u0000Iberolacerta cyreni","authors":"Gergely Horváth, José Martín, G. Herczeg","doi":"10.33256/HB155.4042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/HB155.4042","url":null,"abstract":"Vertebral malformations have been reported previously from a wide range of reptile taxa. Kyphosis refers to an abnormally excessive convex curvature of the spine in the thoracic and sacral regions, while if the deviation affects the lateral plane of the spinal column, the condition is known as scoliosis. In some cases, these two types of malformation can be combined in the same animal, known as kyphoscoliosis (Garín-Barrio et al., 2011). It appears that kyphosis mainly affects species adapted to aquatic environments (e.g. turtles and crocodiles; Tucker, 1997; Boede & Sogbe, 2000; Tucker et al., 2007), while scoliosis is more common in terrestrial species (snakes and lizards; Grogan, 1976; Simbotwe, 1983; Frutos et al., 2006). Reports of kyphosis (and kyphoscoliosis) from wild lizard populations have increased lately (e.g. Liolaemus koslowskyi (Iguandiae) Avila et al. (2013); Sceloporus torquatus (Phrynosomatidae) Pérez-Delgadillo et al. (2015); Norops sericeus (Dactyloidae) Domínguez-De la Riva and Carbajal-Márquez (2016); Sceloporus vandenburgianus (Phrynosomatidae) Valdez-Villavicencio et al., (2016); Stenocercus guentheri (Tropiduridae) Ramírez-Jaramillo, (2018); Marisora brachypoda (Scinidae) Arrivillaga","PeriodicalId":201345,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2021","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127759407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggressive interactions between a sand lizard Lacerta agilis\u0000and a common wall lizard Podarcis muralis in England","authors":"R. Hamilton","doi":"10.33256/HB155.2829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/HB155.2829","url":null,"abstract":"I Germany, the native sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) and the invasive alien wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) have been observed to have strongly overlapping local distributions with a very high rate of overlap in substrate selection, especially between the males of the two species (Heym et al., 2013). However, interspecific interactions were apparently rare (mainly basking at a distance). Nevertheless, in England the native L. agilis has been observed to respond to the scent of P. muralis with direct aggression while in another native lizard species, Zootoca vivipara, the response was only avoidance (Williams et al., 2020). In Poole, Dorset (England) in one of the few areas where both L. agilis and the alien P. muralis can be observed in close proximity, I made further observations that confirm the aggressive responses between the two species. At around 13:00 h on 29th April 2019, I observed an adult, male wall lizard. It was basking on a low, sandy bank backed by cliffs adjacent to a busy footpath close to the sea, on a sandy area between the vegetation, facing slightly up the gradient and away from the footpath. An adult, male sand lizard in breeding condition then approached the area from higher up the slope and slowly crawled alongside the wall lizard, close enough for the back legs of the two lizards to be in contact, the sand lizard facing down the slope towards the footpath (Fig. 1A). Almost at once the wall lizard began to move away, taking a couple of paces up the slope before stopping and turning its head to look in the direction of the new arrival. At this time the wall lizard was standing on the tail of the sand lizard. The sand lizard then turned towards the departing lizard which then moved off again a few centimetres up the slope (Fig. 1B). The sand lizard then followed after the wall lizard which was moving away slowly. The larger sand lizard then grasped the tail of the other lizard in its jaws, about 3 cm from the tail tip. The wall lizard continued on for another couple of paces and appeared to be dragging the sand lizard along behind it before turning back down the slope to face towards its attacker (Figs. 2A & B). The Herpetological Bulletin 155, 2021: 28-29","PeriodicalId":201345,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2021","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126627038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Range extension of the Munchique rufous lancehead\u0000Bothrocophias colombianus in Colombia","authors":"J. RIVERA-GÓMEZ, Luis Enrique Vera-Pérez, Juan C. Mantilla-Castaño","doi":"10.33256/HB155.4647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/HB155.4647","url":null,"abstract":"T South American pitvipers of the genus Bothrocophias are corpulent, moderate-sized snakes with non-prehensile tails, mainly terrestrial and active at night and twilight. They are associated with primary forests, mature secondary forests and are frequently found in riparian forests. They feed mainly on rodents, although lizards, caecilians, frogs and even other snakes are also included in their diet (Wüster et al., 2002; Campbell & Lamar, 2004; Cisneros-Heredia et al., 2006; Rojas-Rivera et al., 2013). The highest species richness of Bothrocophias is found in Colombia, where 5 of the 7 currently recognised species occur (Uetz et al., 2020), of which Bothrocophias myersi and Bothrocophias colombianus (Rendahl & Vestergren, 1940) are endemic and only known from a few localities in the Colombian Pacific region. These are thus the most geographically restricted species within the genus (Campbell & Lamar, 2004; Castro et al., 2005). The Munchique rufous lancehead B. colombianus is distributed along the western slopes of Cordillera Occidental in Colombia between 800-2300 m, in the municipality of El Tambo, department of Cauca, inside the protected area and buffer zones of Parque Nacional Natural Munchique and in surrounding areas, such as Reserva Natural Tambito (Rendahl & Vestergren, 1941; Castro et al., 2005; Ayerbe-González et al., 2007; Folleco-Fernández, 2010). In that area, the species has been reported as common and relatively abundant (VeraPérez et al., 2018). Here we add a new locality of the species in the Colombian Pacific region (Fig. 1), which represents a significant expansion of its geographical range.","PeriodicalId":201345,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2021","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130770764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male combat in the striped kukri snake Oligodon teniatus","authors":"Russell J. Gray, Troup W. Dresser","doi":"10.33256/HB155.3031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/HB155.3031","url":null,"abstract":"T striped kukri snake Oligodon teniatus (Günther, 1861), is a relatively small (~450 mm), opisthoglyphous (rear-fanged) snake species which occurs in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and southern Vietnam (Uetz, 2020), and one of several within the genus distributed throughout Asia. Although poorly documented in the literature, open-source observations of the species indicate similar natural history and habitat preferences to that of many other Oligodon species, whereby they have high tolerance for human disturbed habitats, roads, and agricultural areas, where they are typically found and recorded by citizen scientists (personal observation). There have only been two published records of intraspecific combat for an Oligodon sp. This was among Taiwanese kukri snakes (Oligodon formosus) where both males and females were defending their resources (sea turtle nests) (Huang et al., 2011 and male combat in Oligodon fasciolatus in Thailand (Ward, et al., 2021). Here we describe an observation of the first recorded instance of combat between males in Oligodon teniatus, where the individuals are tightly wrapped in an attempt to subdue the other by keeping its head and weight on top (Fig. 1). Combat behaviours in snakes differ from mating behaviours, which have been described by the inclusion of hemipene insertion as well as “chin rubbing, body jerks or caudocephalic waves, cephalocaudal waves, tail searching, pushing, nudging, biting, and tail raising” (Carpenter, 1977). The individuals in Figure 1 are assumed to be males due to the tail length, which have been shown to be longer in males than in females of other Oligodon species (Vassilieva, 2015) and the visibility of the ventral scales which exhibit no protruding of, or insertion of, hemipenes. The individuals were photographed at approximately 10:00 h in a village area of Sanam Chai Ket district, Chachoengsao, Thailand (approx. 13° 68’32.7’ N, 101° 67’07.7’ E), elevation ~83 m, April 2003, in the back yard of a domestic residence. Male-male combat in colubrid snakes has been shown to be an indicator that males are typically larger than females in a population, given that the larger of the two participants is usually considered the victor and best-fit mate (Shine, 1978; Shine et al., 1981). Intrasexual combat rituals support an evolutionary hypothesis of divergent traits in major snake families (Senter et al., 2014), and further information strengthens these hypotheses. There are really very few natural history observations for the majority of south-east Asian snake species and only a single previous record of intraspecific combat in an Oligodon species. This documentation contributes to filling gaps in the scarce knowledge of this data deficient species, and also to the growing body of data which supports the understanding and theory of evolution of courtship and combat in snakes","PeriodicalId":201345,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2021","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132256722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations on the year-round communal use of an artificial\u0000structure by Northern Pacific rattlesnakes\u0000Crotalus oreganus oreganus in coastal Central California","authors":"Yucheol Shin, Joe L. Miller, Jennifer M. Duggan","doi":"10.33256/HB155.2527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/HB155.2527","url":null,"abstract":"C gatherings of snakes have been recorded in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and species documented in such congregations include several species of Crotalus (Fitch, 1949; Hirth, 1966; Brown & Parker, 1976; Prior & Weatherhead, 1996). These congregations are typically observed in and around communal hibernacula, usually in high altitude or high latitude environments (Hamilton & Nowak, 2009). In these locations, seasonal climatic conditions are unfavourable for year-round snake activity so that hibernation is essential for some months of the year. Suitable hibernation sites are limited and as a consequence high densities of snakes may be observed in small areas (Drda, 1968; Klauber, 1997; Gienger & Beck, 2011). Such congregations dissipate during the active season as individuals disperse into different habitats to forage and reproduce (Fitch, 1949; Gannon & Secoy, 1985; Putman et al., 2013). While congregations during the active season are known for several species of snakes, these have been of gravid females in communal breeding sites (Graves & Duvall, 1995). Evidence of year-round communal living in snakes appears to be lacking. Here, we report observations of a small group of Northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus oreganus) living communally throughout the year in an artificial pit in Central California. Our observations were made on the University of California Fort Ord Natural Reserve (FONR), located in Monterey County, California. The FONR is a protected research reserve built around the former Fort Ord Army Base and it harbours remnants of artificial structures related to past military activities. These wood and concrete structures are now broken down and covered in vegetation; they provide shelter for small animals. While conducting herpetological surveys on the FONR on 8th April 2018, we observed two adult C. o. oreganus basking around the edges of a degraded concrete pit (36.6856° N, 121.7755° W; WGS 84). The entrance of the pit was covered by poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum). Subsequent observations in the following weeks found several individuals using the pit communally. From May, we conducted visual encounter surveys (VES) around the pit on a daily basis between 11:00 h and 14:00 h. We considered marking individuals using a method such as painting of rattle segments (Putman et al., 2013) to document the number of rattlesnakes using the structure, but to avoid unnecessary handling we instead photographed the dorsum of all individuals encountered around the pit. By slowly approaching basking individuals from behind with a camera, we were able to photograph rattlesnakes from a safe distance. Photographs of dorsal patterns were sufficient to recognise individuals, as dorsal patterns of rattlesnakes have unique combinations of blotches varying in size and shape. We also recorded approximate snout-to-vent length (approx. SVL) for all identified individuals. In July, we installed a trail camera (Bushnell Corpo","PeriodicalId":201345,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2021","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122159430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tips for a rock-solid geoscience post-doc","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2021-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2021-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":201345,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2021","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127427018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some barriers are invisible","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2021-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2021-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":201345,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2021","volume":"65 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122750771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decolonising Geoscience","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2021-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2021-005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":201345,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2021","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129977539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where are the black geoscientists?","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2021-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2021-004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":201345,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2021","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117022473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}