Kasandra R Dassoulas, Idorenyin Ndem, Michael Holland, Jesse Chou, Anneke T Schroen, Chris A Campbell
{"title":"Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction Prompts Revisiting the Anatomical Boundaries of the Breast: A Radiographic and Cadaveric Study.","authors":"Kasandra R Dassoulas, Idorenyin Ndem, Michael Holland, Jesse Chou, Anneke T Schroen, Chris A Campbell","doi":"10.1097/PRS.0000000000011550","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PRS.0000000000011550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to determine the location of superficial fascial system condensations in relation to classic anatomical breast boundaries. Cadaveric studies have provided some understanding, but knowledge about the precise location of these condensations remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted to assess the fascial condensations defining the breast footprint relative to landmarks such as the latissimus, clavicle, sternal border, and inframammary fold. Concurrently, cadaveric mastectomies were performed to measure the breast borders in relation to these landmarks for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 290 breasts underwent preoperative MRI. Eight cadaveric breast dissections were completed. Radiographically, the lateral breast fascial condensation was 3.9 cm medial to the latissimus dorsi, whereas cadaveric measurements were 4.5 cm. The medial condensation was 2.1 cm lateral to the sternal border radiographically and 4.8 cm to the midline in cadavers. The superior fascial condensation was 2.3 cm inferior to the clavicle radiographically and 5.5 cm by dissection. The inferior condensation was above the inframammary fold in 82.7% of breasts by MRI and 100% of cadaveric breasts. MRI and cadaveric investigation showed similar patterns of breast tissue fascial condensations relative to standard breast boundaries. Breast skin flap thickness was greater peripherally (MRI, 11.5 mm; cadaver, 11.1 mm) than centrally (MRI, 6.6 mm; cadaver, 5.5 mm).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MRI and cadaveric analysis demonstrated a close correlation between the superficial fascial system and standard breast boundaries, although variations existed between subjects. Collaborating with breast oncologists and using preoperative imaging to identify individual fascial condensations may enhance the camouflage of prepectoral implants after mastectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20128,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1e-8e"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion: Skin Color Match in Autologous Breast Reconstruction: Which Donor Site Gives the Best Result?","authors":"Max L Silverstein, Arash Momeni","doi":"10.1097/PRS.0000000000011627","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PRS.0000000000011627","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20128,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery","volume":"155 1","pages":"19-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francis D Graziano, Ethan L Plotsker, Uchechukwu O Amakiri, Ronnie L Shammas, Perri S Vingan, Babak J Mehrara, Carrie S Stern, Jonas A Nelson, Evan Matros, Robert J Allen
{"title":"Moving Towards the Outpatient DIEP Flap: Factors Influencing Early Discharge.","authors":"Francis D Graziano, Ethan L Plotsker, Uchechukwu O Amakiri, Ronnie L Shammas, Perri S Vingan, Babak J Mehrara, Carrie S Stern, Jonas A Nelson, Evan Matros, Robert J Allen","doi":"10.1097/PRS.0000000000011951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000011951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols can reduce the length of stay (LOS) for surgical patients, including those undergoing unilateral deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction, allowing most patients to be discharged by postoperative day 2. However, some patients require a prolonged inpatient stay due to difficulty completing postoperative milestones. This study aims to identify factors associated with increased LOS after DIEP flap breast reconstruction and assess safety of earlier discharge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent unilateral DIEP reconstruction between January 2021 and December 2022 at Memorial Sloan Kettering. We assessed patient characteristics, comorbidities, and complications to identify correlations with LOS and milestone completion after implementation of an ERAS protocol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 278 patients were included; the median LOS was 2.25 days (interquartile range: 2.19,2.33). Factors associated with delayed discharge included increased age, increased operative time, history of diabetes, and history of immunologic disease. Increased operative time was the only variable associated with prolonged milestone completion. A sub-analysis of the safety of an earlier discharge goal of postoperative day 1 when compared to a goal of postoperative day 2 demonstrated no significant differences in complication rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Discharge timing and milestone completion after unilateral DIEP flap reconstruction is variable and dependent on patient and operative characteristics. These insights can aid in patient optimization and may suggest ERAS protocol adjustments to enable earlier discharge for more patients. Furthermore, earlier discharge goals appear safe for appropriate patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20128,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeong Yeop Ryu, Tae Hwan Park, Joon Seok Lee, Kang Young Choi, Jung Dug Yang, Ho Yun Chung
{"title":"Risk and Mortality of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Dupuytren's Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Jeong Yeop Ryu, Tae Hwan Park, Joon Seok Lee, Kang Young Choi, Jung Dug Yang, Ho Yun Chung","doi":"10.1097/PRS.0000000000011944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000011944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dupuytren's disease (DD) is a type of fibroproliferative disease that involves the palmar aspect of the hand. Although many benign fibroproliferative diseases have been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, the relationship between DD and myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke has not been fully elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 35,909 patients with DD and a control cohort with 1,077,270 age- and sex-matched participants from the Korean National Health Insurance database were included. The incidence of MI, stroke, and survival after cardiovascular events, were compared between participants with DD and the control cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control cohort, the incidence rate ratio for cardiovascular diseases in DD was 1.51 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.44-1.58) for MI, 2.01 (CI 1.94-2.09) for ischemic stroke (IS), and 1.49 (CI 1.36-1.63) for hemorrhagic stroke (HS). After adjusting for other cardiovascular disease risk factors, DD was associated with an increased risk of IS. Based on the age-, sex-, and BMI-stratified analyses, an increased risk of MI was identified in the younger age group (<50 years) and thin subjects (BMI<18.5 kg/m2). Adjusted hazard ratios for mortality in subjects with DD who developed cardiovascular diseases were 0.51 (CI 0.43-0.60), 0.56 (CI 0.50-0.62), and 1.08 (CI 0.86-1.36), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DD is associated with an increased risk of IS, independent of cardiovascular risk factors. DD is also associated with an increased risk of MI in individuals younger than 50 years of age. DD did not significantly aggravate mortality secondary to cardiovascular events.</p>","PeriodicalId":20128,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel Rohrich, Tal Brown, Stav Brown, John Burns, Sameer Jejurikar, Ricardo Meade, Rod J Rohrich
{"title":"Three Decades of Outpatient Plastic Surgery Safety: A Review of 42,720 Consecutive Cases.","authors":"Rachel Rohrich, Tal Brown, Stav Brown, John Burns, Sameer Jejurikar, Ricardo Meade, Rod J Rohrich","doi":"10.1097/PRS.0000000000011942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000011942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Outpatient plastic surgery offers cost-effective solutions and enhanced privacy but demands careful patient assessment for suitability and vigilant anticipation of adverse events. This study provides recommendations to enhance patient safety in outpatient settings by analyzing over 40,000 consecutive cases spanning across three decades.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive cases completed by board-certified plastic surgeons at an accredited outpatient surgical center between 1995-2023. Patient demographics, operative details, and postoperative complications were recorded to determine risk factors for complications and inpatient admissions. A subgroup-analysis for procedures of the face, breast and body was also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>42,720 consecutive cases were performed with an overall complication rate of 0.74 percent (n=318). Patients who experienced a VTE or an inpatient transfer, had a higher BMI (p<0.05), longer operative duration (p<0.05) and were more likely to have undergone combined procedures (p<0.05) compared to those who did not. Undergoing a combined procedure was the strongest predictive factor for VTE and inpatient admissions (OR=12.65, OR=3.73; p<0.05), followed by longer operative time (OR=1.45, OR=1.32; p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the largest long-term private practice plastic surgery study in accredited outpatient settings spanning almost 30 years, further confirming that outpatient plastic surgery can be done in a consistent and safe manner with proper preoperative evaluation and patient optimization. Postoperative monitoring should be considered for high-risk patients, particularly those with a BMI exceeding 26 kg/m², operative times surpassing 3 hours, lipoaspirate volumes greater than 3 liters, and patients undergoing combined procedures - particularly in cases involving abdominoplasty.</p>","PeriodicalId":20128,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel George, Chane Kulenkampff, Tahseen Chaudhry, Liron S Duraku, Dominic M Power
{"title":"The versatility of the Supinator to Posterior Interosseus Nerve (SPIN) transfer: Indications and outcomes, a Case Series.","authors":"Samuel George, Chane Kulenkampff, Tahseen Chaudhry, Liron S Duraku, Dominic M Power","doi":"10.1097/PRS.0000000000011946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000011946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transfer of the supinator motor branches to the posterior interosseous nerve (SPIN) was first described as a reliable method of restoration of digit extension in cases of paralysis when there is retained function in the 5th and 6th cervical nerve roots with loss of function in the 8th cervical nerve root.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective review of all the SPIN transfers that were performed in our unit which included 16 limbs in 14 patients over a 6-year period. The median age was 49 years (range 22-74). The average follow-up period was 15 months (range 6-24 m). Aetiology included spinal cord injury (SCI) in 5, plexus root avulsion in 3, degenerate spondyloradiculopathy in 3 and the final three patients had paralysis from oncological resection, inflammatory and compressive neuropathy respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Functional digit extension (MRC grade 3 and above) was achieved in 12/16 limbs. Patients with degenerative spine lesions had the worst outcome with a median of MRC grade 2 with a median time to surgery of 20 months (average age of 67), compared to 13 months in the SCI group (average age 32.8) and four months in the BPI group (average age 34.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SPIN transfer may be safely performed in a wide spectrum of pathologies including brachial plexus injuries, spinal cord injuries and neuritis. However, in degenerative spondyloradiculopathy we report inferior outcomes, which may be due to late referral, chronic denervation, possible involvement of the donor nerve and an older age group and potentially diminished rehabilitation and neural plasticity potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":20128,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma K Rowley, Zachary H Zamore, William Padovano, Zohra V Aslami, Chenhu Qiu, Esperanza Mantilla-Rivas, Aidan S Weitzner, Rachana Suresh, Erica B Lee, Sami H Tuffaha
{"title":"Autologous Fascia Nerve Wrap in a Rodent Primary Epineurial Repair Model and Preliminary Case Series.","authors":"Emma K Rowley, Zachary H Zamore, William Padovano, Zohra V Aslami, Chenhu Qiu, Esperanza Mantilla-Rivas, Aidan S Weitzner, Rachana Suresh, Erica B Lee, Sami H Tuffaha","doi":"10.1097/PRS.0000000000011945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000011945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nerve wraps composed of various autologous and bioengineered materials have been used to bolster nerve repair sites. In this study, we describe the novel use of autologous fascia nerve wraps (AFNW) as an adjunct to epineurial repair and evaluate their effect on inflammatory cytokine expression, intraneural collagen deposition and end-organ reinnervation in rats and use of AFNW in a patient case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lewis rats received sciatic transection with repair either with or without AFNW, sciatic-to-common peroneal nerve transfer with or without AFNW, or sham surgery (n=14/group). AFNW (1 cm2) were obtained from gluteal muscle fascia. Cytokine expression was assessed at both the coaptation site and L3-L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at 4 weeks following repair using ELISA. Intraneural scarring and end-organ reinnervation were evaluated at 12 weeks. We also demonstrate the clinical application of AFNW for various potential indications in 28 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AFNW-treated animals demonstrated a significant (p<0.001) decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10) within the L3-L5 DRGs and at the coaptation site. AFNW also resulted in reduced intraneural collagen content and an increased mean number of retrograde labeled sensory neurons (p<0.01). Patients receiving AFNW demonstrated favorable motor and sensory functional outcomes and no significant reports of neuropathic pain or other complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AFNW serve as a valuable adjunct to epineurial coaptation that reduces intraneural inflammation and collagen deposition in both size-matched and size-mismatched nerve coaptations in a rodent model. Initial clinical experience with AFNW demonstrates feasibility for various indications.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Our early clinical experience with AFNW demonstrates safety, practicality, technical feasibility, and cost-effectiveness and serves to identify a set of potential indications for nerve wrapping that warrant further consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":20128,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juyoung Bae, Goo-Hyun Mun, Kyeong-Tae Lee, Jai Kyong Pyon
{"title":"Nomogram-based Approach for Predicting Complication Risks Following Prepectoral Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction.","authors":"Juyoung Bae, Goo-Hyun Mun, Kyeong-Tae Lee, Jai Kyong Pyon","doi":"10.1097/PRS.0000000000011937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000011937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the recent steep rise in the use of prepectoral direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction, concerns remain regarding the potentially risk of complications, resulting in the selective application of the technique; however, the selection process was empirically based on the operator's decision. Using patient and operation-related factors, this study aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting postoperative complications following prepectoral DTI reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between August 2019 and March 2023, immediate prepectoral DTI was performed for all patients deemed suitable for one-stage implant-based reconstruction. A retrospective analysis of the complications was conducted for this cohort. The cohort was randomly divided into the training and validation datasets. A nomogram was developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression and Firth's bias-reduced logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 433 breasts (362 patients). Complications developed in 131 patients (33.5%), including early complications within 90 days postoperatively (26.1%), infection (1.8%), wound revision (9.7%), and reconstructive failure (3.5%). Increased age and body mass index (BMI), therapeutic mastectomy, reduction pattern mastectomy, implant size, and projection, and radiotherapy history were associated with early complications. For infection and reconstructive failure, increased age and BMI, heavier mastectomy specimen weight, implant projection, previous and adjuvant radiotherapy showed association. The internal validation of each model demonstrated areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 68.9%, 68.0%, 84.9%, and 79.0% for early complications, delayed wound healing, infection, and reconstructive failure, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A nomogram-based approach for predicting complications in prepectoral DTI reconstruction may enhance clinical decision-making, leading to optimized outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20128,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas Larsen, Blaine G Fritz, Tim K Weltz, John V Q Tran, Erik E F Bak, Mathilde N Hemmingsen, Mathias Ørholt, Peter Vester-Glowinski, Anders Woetmann, Thomas Litman, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Mikkel Herly
{"title":"Transcriptome of capsular contracture around breast implants mimics allograft rejection: a matched case-control study.","authors":"Andreas Larsen, Blaine G Fritz, Tim K Weltz, John V Q Tran, Erik E F Bak, Mathilde N Hemmingsen, Mathias Ørholt, Peter Vester-Glowinski, Anders Woetmann, Thomas Litman, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Mikkel Herly","doi":"10.1097/PRS.0000000000011938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000011938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Capsular contracture is a frequent and severe complication following breast implant surgery. Although several theories on the pathophysiology exist, the exact molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the specific genes, signaling pathways, and immune cells associated with capsular contracture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Breast implant capsule biopsies were collected from women undergoing implant replacement after breast augmentation. Patients with capsular contracture (Baker III/IV) and healthy controls (Baker I) were included in equal numbers and matched based on implant brand, surface, plane, and rupture status. Whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing was used for gene expression profiling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed biopsies from 51 breasts of 50 women, revealing 1,500 differentially expressed genes based on capsular contracture status. Our findings revealed that capsular contracture signaling pathways mimic allograft rejection with activation of both the innate immune system (e.g., IL1A/B, CXCl9, TREML4, CR1) and the adaptive immune system (e.g., CD80 and IFN-γ). Capsular contracture was associated with increased expression of macrophages, CD4+ T cells, B cells, and plasma cells with upregulation of several immunoglobulin genes (e.g., IGHD/IGHE). Moreover, several fibrosis-related genes were significantly upregulated (e.g., MMP1, MMP1, MMP12) and downregulated (TIMP4) in breasts with capsular contracture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate that B cells play a more crucial role in the development of capsular contracture than previously assumed. The disease mechanism resembles allograft rejection, indicating that capsular contracture is a form of immunological rejection of the breast implant.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance statement: </strong>This study identified key genes associated with capsular contracture, suggesting new drug candidates e.g., MMP1 inhibitors to improve breast implant surgery outcomes. Synergizing research on allograft rejection and capsular contracture could also lead to new treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20128,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}