Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172502

Shams ur Rehman, Liang Qiao, Tao Shen, Lei Hua, Hongna Li, Zishan Ahmad, Shisheng Chen

{"title":"Exploring the Frontier of Wheat Rust Resistance: Latest Approaches, Mechanisms, and Novel Insights","authors":"Shams ur Rehman, Liang Qiao, Tao Shen, Lei Hua, Hongna Li, Zishan Ahmad, Shisheng Chen","doi":"10.3390/plants13172502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172502","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat rusts, including leaf, stripe, and stem rust, have been a threat to global food security due to their devastating impact on wheat yields. In recent years, significant strides have been made in understanding wheat rusts, focusing on disease spread mechanisms, the discovery of new host resistance genes, and the molecular basis of rust pathogenesis. This review summarizes the latest approaches and studies in wheat rust research that provide a comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms and new insights into control strategies. Recent advances in genetic resistance using modern genomics techniques, as well as molecular mechanisms of rust pathogenesis and host resistance, are discussed. In addition, innovative management strategies, including the use of fungicides and biological control agents, are reviewed, highlighting their role in combating wheat rust. This review also emphasizes the impact of climate change on rust epidemiology and underscores the importance of developing resistant wheat varieties along with adaptive management practices. Finally, gaps in knowledge are identified and suggestions for future research are made. This review aims to inform researchers, agronomists, and policy makers, and to contribute to the development of more effective and sustainable wheat rust control strategies.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling Iso- and Aniso-Hydric Disparities in Grapevine—A Reanalysis by Transcriptome Portrayal Machine Learning 通过转录组描绘机器学习重新分析揭示葡萄的异质性和异质性差异

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172501

Tomas Konecny, Armine Asatryan, Maria Nikoghosyan, Hans Binder

{"title":"Unveiling Iso- and Aniso-Hydric Disparities in Grapevine—A Reanalysis by Transcriptome Portrayal Machine Learning","authors":"Tomas Konecny, Armine Asatryan, Maria Nikoghosyan, Hans Binder","doi":"10.3390/plants13172501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172501","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanisms underlying grapevine responses to water(-deficient) stress (WS) are crucial for viticulture amid escalating climate change challenges. Reanalysis of previous transcriptome data uncovered disparities among isohydric and anisohydric grapevine cultivars in managing water scarcity. By using a self-organizing map (SOM) transcriptome portrayal, we elucidate specific gene expression trajectories, shedding light on the dynamic interplay of transcriptional programs as stress duration progresses. Functional annotation reveals key pathways involved in drought response, pinpointing potential targets for enhancing drought resilience in grapevine cultivation. Our results indicate distinct gene expression responses, with the isohydric cultivar favoring plant growth and possibly stilbenoid synthesis, while the anisohydric cultivar engages more in stress response and water management mechanisms. Notably, prolonged WS leads to converging stress responses in both cultivars, particularly through the activation of chaperones for stress mitigation. These findings underscore the importance of understanding cultivar-specific WS responses to develop sustainable viticultural strategies in the face of changing climate.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Micronutrients on the Growth and Phytochemical Composition of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in the Field and Greenhouse (Hydroponics and Soil Culture) 微量营养元素对田间和温室（水培和土培）罗勒（Ocimum basilicum L.）生长和植物化学成分的影响

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172498

Hamid Aghamirzaei, Hasan Mumivand, Abdollah Ehtesham Nia, Mohamad Reza Raji, Alfred Maroyi, Filippo Maggi

{"title":"Effects of Micronutrients on the Growth and Phytochemical Composition of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in the Field and Greenhouse (Hydroponics and Soil Culture)","authors":"Hamid Aghamirzaei, Hasan Mumivand, Abdollah Ehtesham Nia, Mohamad Reza Raji, Alfred Maroyi, Filippo Maggi","doi":"10.3390/plants13172498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172498","url":null,"abstract":"The current research was conducted to compare the growth, yield, and phytochemical composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum) in the open field and the soil and hydroponic cultivation in a greenhouse. Furthermore, the effect of foliar spraying of micronutrients on this crop was also evaluated. In each of the cultivation systems, foliar spraying of one micronutrient, either iron sulfate (Fe), zinc sulfate (Zn), copper sulfate (Cu), manganese sulfate (Mn), or boric acid (B), at a concentration of 0.1% was applied in a randomized complete block design. Plants grown in the hydroponic system had higher yield and biomass. The concentration of the elements K, Ca, Mg, N, P, Mn, Fe, B, and Zn in the leaves of hydroponic plants was higher. Contrarily, plants cultivated in the field showed higher stem dry weight, essential oil content, phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. The level of methyl chavicol was higher in the hydroponic culture, but the level of 1,8-cineole was much lower in this cropping system. Foliar spraying of Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, or B significantly increased leaf dry weight and anthocyanin content. In field conditions, the highest levels of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity were observed with Zn or Mn application. In the hydroponic system, foliar spraying of Zn or B led to the highest antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Overall, the basil plants cultivated in the field showed higher bioactive ingredients. However, the essential oil of plants cultivated in the hydroponic system had a higher economic value due to its higher percentage of methyl chavicol.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Different Straw Return Modes on Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Semiarid Maize Field 不同秸秆还田模式对半干旱玉米田土壤碳、氮和温室气体排放的影响

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172503

Lu Hua, Zhenxing Yang, Wenqian Li, Yidong Zhao, Jie Xia, Wenyi Dong, Baoqing Chen

{"title":"Effects of Different Straw Return Modes on Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Semiarid Maize Field","authors":"Lu Hua, Zhenxing Yang, Wenqian Li, Yidong Zhao, Jie Xia, Wenyi Dong, Baoqing Chen","doi":"10.3390/plants13172503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172503","url":null,"abstract":"Returning straw to the field is a crucial practice for enhancing soil quality and increasing efficient use of secondary crop products. However, maize straw has a higher carbon-to-nitrogen ratio compared to other crops. This can result in crop nitrogen loss when the straw is returned to the field. Therefore, it is crucial to explore how different methods of straw return affect maize (Zea mays L.) farmland. In this study, a field experiment was performed with three treatments (I, no straw returned, CK; II, direct straw return, SR; and III, straw returned in deep furrows, ISR) to explore the effects of the different straw return modes on soil carbon and nitrogen content and greenhouse gas emissions. The results indicated that the SR and ISR treatments increased the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in the topsoil (0–15 cm). Additionally, the ISR treatment boosted the contents of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and DOC in the subsurface soil (15–30 cm) compared with CK. When it comes to greenhouse gas emissions, the ISR treatment led to an increase in CO2 emissions. However, SR and ISR reduced N2O emissions, with ISR showing a more pronounced reduction. The ISR treatment significantly increased leaf and grain biomass compared to CK and SR. The correlation analyses showed that the yield was positively correlated with soil DOC, and soil greenhouse gas emission was correlated with soil NO3−-N. The ISR technology has great potential in sequestering soil organic matter, improving soil fertility, and realizing sustainable agricultural development.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Hole Truth: Why Do Bumble Bees Rob Flowers More Than Once? 洞穴真相：为什么大黄蜂会多次抢花？

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172507

Judith L. Bronstein, Goggy Davidowitz, Elinor M. Lichtenberg, Rebecca E. Irwin

{"title":"The Hole Truth: Why Do Bumble Bees Rob Flowers More Than Once?","authors":"Judith L. Bronstein, Goggy Davidowitz, Elinor M. Lichtenberg, Rebecca E. Irwin","doi":"10.3390/plants13172507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172507","url":null,"abstract":"Primary nectar-robbers feed through holes they make in flowers, often bypassing the plant’s reproductive organs in the process. In many robbed plants, multiple holes are made in a single flower. Why a flower should be robbed repeatedly is difficult to understand: a hole signals that a nectar forager has already fed, which would seem likely to predict low rewards. We tested three explanations for this pattern in Corydalis caseana (Fumariaceae), a bumble bee pollinated and robbed plant: (1) multiple holes appear only after all flowers have been robbed once; (2) individual foragers make multiple holes during single visits; and (3) it is more profitable for bees to rob older flowers, even if they have already been robbed. We tested these hypotheses from 2014 to 2016 in a Colorado, USA population using data on robbing rates over time, floral longevity, nectar accumulation in visited and unvisited flowers, and the accumulation of robbing holes across the life of flowers. Multiple holes were already appearing when two-thirds of flowers still lacked a single hole, allowing us to reject the first hypothesis. The second hypothesis cannot offer a full explanation for multiple robbing holes because 35% of additional holes appeared in flowers one or more days after the first hole was made. Repeated sampling of bagged and exposed inflorescences revealed that flowers filled at a constant rate and refilled completely after being drained. Consequently, young flowers are of consistently low value to foragers compared to older flowers even if they had previously been robbed, consistent with the third hypothesis. While further studies are needed, these results offer a simple explanation for the paradoxical clustering of nectar-robbing damage in this and possibly other plant species.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolism of Malus halliana Roots Provides Insights into Iron Deficiency Tolerance Mechanisms Malus halliana 根的新陈代谢为了解缺铁耐受机制提供了启示

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172500

You-ting Chen, Xia-yi Zhang, De Zhang, Zhong-xing Zhang, Yan-xiu Wang

{"title":"Metabolism of Malus halliana Roots Provides Insights into Iron Deficiency Tolerance Mechanisms","authors":"You-ting Chen, Xia-yi Zhang, De Zhang, Zhong-xing Zhang, Yan-xiu Wang","doi":"10.3390/plants13172500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172500","url":null,"abstract":"Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient imbalances limiting plant growth globally, especially in arid and saline alkali regions due to the decreased availability of Fe in alkaline soils. Malus halliana grows well in arid regions and is tolerant of Fe deficiency. Here, a physiological and metabolomic approach was used to analyze the short-term molecular response of M. halliana roots to Fe deficiency. On the one hand, physiological data show that the root activity first increased and then decreased with the prolongation of the stress time, but the change trend of root pH was just the opposite. The total Fe content decreased gradually, while the effective Fe decreased at 12 h and increased at 3 d. The activity of iron reductase (FCR) increased with the prolongation of stress. On the other hand, a total of 61, 73, and 45 metabolites were identified by GC–MS in three pairs: R12h (Fe deficiency 12 h) vs. R0h (Fe deficiency 0 h), R3d (Fe deficiency 3 d) vs. R0h, and R3d vs. R12h, respectively. Sucrose, as a source of energy, produces monosaccharides such as glucose by hydrolysis, while glucose accumulates significantly at the first (R12h vs. R0h) and third time points (R3d vs. R0h). Carbohydrates (digalacturonate, L-xylitol, ribitol, D-xylulose, glucose, and glycerol) are degraded into pyruvate through glycolysis and pentose phosphate, which participate in the TCA. Glutathione metabolism and the TCA cycle coordinate with each other, actively respond to Fe deficiency stress, and synthesize secondary metabolites at the same time. This study thoroughly examines the metabolite response to plant iron deficiency, highlighting the crucial roles of sugar metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle regulation, and glutathione metabolism in the short-term iron deficiency response of apples. It also lays the groundwork for future research on analyzing iron deficiency tolerance.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":"295 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Efficacy of Cyanobacterial Strains as Oryza sativa Growth Biostimulants in Saline Environments 评估蓝藻菌株作为盐碱环境中黑麦草生长生物刺激剂的功效

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172504

Meruyert O. Bauenova, Fariza K. Sarsekeyeva, Assemgul K. Sadvakasova, Bekzhan D. Kossalbayev, Ramazan Mammadov, Aziza I. Token, Huma Balouch, Pavel Pashkovskiy, Yoong Kit Leong, Jo-Shu Chang, Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev

{"title":"Assessing the Efficacy of Cyanobacterial Strains as Oryza sativa Growth Biostimulants in Saline Environments","authors":"Meruyert O. Bauenova, Fariza K. Sarsekeyeva, Assemgul K. Sadvakasova, Bekzhan D. Kossalbayev, Ramazan Mammadov, Aziza I. Token, Huma Balouch, Pavel Pashkovskiy, Yoong Kit Leong, Jo-Shu Chang, Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev","doi":"10.3390/plants13172504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172504","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity, which affects plant photosynthesis mechanisms, significantly limits plant productivity. Soil microorganisms, including cyanobacteria, can synthesize various exometabolites that contribute to plant growth and development in several ways. These microorganisms can increase plant tolerance to salt stress by secreting various phytoprotectants; therefore, it is highly relevant to study soil microorganisms adapted to high salinity and investigate their potential to increase plant resistance to salt stress. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity of four cyanobacterial strains: Spirulina platensis Calu-532, Nostoc sp. J-14, Trichormus variabilis K-31, and Oscillatoria brevis SH-12. Among these, Nostoc sp. J-14 presented the highest antioxidant activity. Their growth-stimulating effects under saline conditions were also assessed under laboratory conditions. These results indicate that Nostoc sp. J-14 and T. variabilis K-31 show significant promise in mitigating the harmful effects of salinity on plant size and weight. Both strains notably enhanced the growth of Oryza sativa plants under saline conditions, suggesting their potential as biostimulants to improve crop productivity in saline environments. This research underscores the importance of understanding the mechanisms by which cyanobacteria increase plant tolerance to salt stress, paving the way for sustainable agricultural practices in saline areas.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbial Biocontrol Agents and Natural Products Act as Salt Stress Mitigators in Lactuca sativa L. 微生物生物控制剂和天然产品在 Lactuca sativa L.中作为盐胁迫缓解剂的作用

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172505

Claudio Caprari, Antonio Bucci, Anastasia C. Ciotola, Carmine Del Grosso, Ida Dell’Edera, Sabrina Di Bartolomeo, Danilo Di Pilla, Fabio Divino, Paola Fortini, Pamela Monaco, Davide Palmieri, Michele Petraroia, Luca Quaranta, Giuseppe Lima, Giancarlo Ranalli

{"title":"Microbial Biocontrol Agents and Natural Products Act as Salt Stress Mitigators in Lactuca sativa L.","authors":"Claudio Caprari, Antonio Bucci, Anastasia C. Ciotola, Carmine Del Grosso, Ida Dell’Edera, Sabrina Di Bartolomeo, Danilo Di Pilla, Fabio Divino, Paola Fortini, Pamela Monaco, Davide Palmieri, Michele Petraroia, Luca Quaranta, Giuseppe Lima, Giancarlo Ranalli","doi":"10.3390/plants13172505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172505","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major problems related to climate change is the increase in land area affected by higher salt concentrations and desertification. Finding economically and environmentally friendly sustainable solutions that effectively mitigate salt stress damage to plants is of great importance. In our work, some natural products and microbial biocontrol agents were evaluated for their long-term effectiveness in reducing salt stress in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. romana) plants. Fourteen different treatments applied to soil pots, with and without salt stress, were analyzed using biometric (leaf and root length and width), physiological (chlorophyll and proline content), and morphological (microscopic preparations) techniques and NGS to study the microbial communities in the soil of plants subjected to different treatments. Under our long-term experimental conditions (90 days), the results showed that salt stress negatively affected plant growth. The statistical analysis showed a high variability in the responses of the different biostimulant treatments. Notably, the biocontrol agents Papiliotrema terrestris (strain PT22AV), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (strain B07), and Rahnella aquatilis (strain 36) can act as salt stress mitigators in L. sativa. These findings suggest that both microbial biocontrol agents and certain natural products hold promise for reducing the adverse effects of salt stress on plants.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Histone Modification Gene (HM) Family and Expression Investigation during Anther Development in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 水稻（Oryza sativa L.）花药发育过程中组蛋白修饰基因（HM）家族的全基因组分析与表达研究

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172496

Yongxiang Huang, Jiawei Liu, Long Cheng, Duo Xu, Sijia Liu, Hanqiao Hu, Yu Ling, Rongchao Yang, Yueqin Zhang

{"title":"Genome-Wide Analysis of the Histone Modification Gene (HM) Family and Expression Investigation during Anther Development in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Yongxiang Huang, Jiawei Liu, Long Cheng, Duo Xu, Sijia Liu, Hanqiao Hu, Yu Ling, Rongchao Yang, Yueqin Zhang","doi":"10.3390/plants13172496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172496","url":null,"abstract":"Histone modification plays a crucial role in chromatin remodeling and regulating gene expression, and participates in various biological processes, including plant development and responses to stress. Several gene families related to histone modification have been reported in various plant species. However, the identification of members and their functions in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) histone modification gene family (OsHM) at the whole-genome level remains unclear. In this study, a total of 130 OsHMs were identified through a genome-wide analysis. The OsHM gene family can be classified into 11 subfamilies based on a phylogenetic analysis. An analysis of the genes structures and conserved motifs indicates that members of each subfamily share specific conserved protein structures, suggesting their potential conserved functions. Molecular evolutionary analysis reveals that a significant number of OsHMs proteins originated from gene duplication events, particularly segmental duplications. Additionally, transcriptome analysis demonstrates that OsHMs are widely expressed in various tissues of rice and are responsive to multiple abiotic stresses. Fourteen OsHMs exhibit high expression in rice anthers and peaked at different pollen developmental stages. RT-qPCR results further elucidate the expression patterns of these 14 OsHMs during different developmental stages of anthers, highlighting their high expression during the meiosis and tetrad stages, as well as in the late stage of pollen development. Remarkably, OsSDG713 and OsSDG727 were further identified to be nucleus-localized. This study provides a fundamental framework for further exploring the gene functions of HMs in plants, particularly for researching their functions and potential applications in rice anthers’ development and male sterility.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Composition Characterization of Crossostephium chinense Leaf Essential Oil and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity Mechanisms 千层塔叶精油的成分特征及其抗炎活性机制

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172506

Chia-Hsin Lin, Yu-Ting Chiang, Li-Yin Lin, Nai-Wen Tsao, Chung-Hsuan Wang, Shih-Chang Chien, Ying-Hsuan Sun, Sheng-Yang Wang

{"title":"Composition Characterization of Crossostephium chinense Leaf Essential Oil and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity Mechanisms","authors":"Chia-Hsin Lin, Yu-Ting Chiang, Li-Yin Lin, Nai-Wen Tsao, Chung-Hsuan Wang, Shih-Chang Chien, Ying-Hsuan Sun, Sheng-Yang Wang","doi":"10.3390/plants13172506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172506","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the composition characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity mechanisms of the essential oil from the leaves of Crossostephium chinense. C. chinense is a perennial herb commonly found in East Asia, traditionally used to treat various ailments. The essential oil extracted through water distillation, primarily contains 1,8-cineole (13.73%), santolina triene (13.53%), and germacrene D (10.67%). Three compounds were identified from the essential oil, namely 1-acetoxy-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-methylhex-3,5-diene, 1-acetoxy-isopyliden-hex-5-en-4-one, and chrysanthemyl acetate, with the first two being newly discovered compounds. Then, the essential oil of C. chinense exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages, effectively inhibiting the production of NO and ROS, with the IC50 value of 10.3 μg/mL. Furthermore, the essential oil reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Mechanistic studies indicate that the essential oil affects the inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of iNOS but has no significant impact on COX-2. Further analysis suggests that the essential oil may regulate the inflammatory response through the ERK protein in the MAPK pathway and IκBα in the NF-κB pathway, while also promoting the activity of the NRF2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway, enhancing the cell’s antioxidant capacity, thereby achieving an effect of inhibiting the inflammatory response. These results highlight the potential application value of C. chinense leaf essential oil in the medical and healthcare fields.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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