Plant Pathology Bulletin最新文献

Effect of drip irrigation on richness, abundance and diversity of soil arthropods 滴灌对土壤节肢动物丰富度和多样性的影响

Plant Pathology Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.55627/pbulletin.001.01.0124

Asif Sajjad

{"title":"Effect of drip irrigation on richness, abundance and diversity of soil arthropods","authors":"Asif Sajjad","doi":"10.55627/pbulletin.001.01.0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/pbulletin.001.01.0124","url":null,"abstract":"Arthropods maintain soil ecosystem in variety of ways like breaking down the plant debris and broadcasting the microorganisms. The human induced changes in the agricultural land (i.e., irrigation methods, tillage practices and land use changes) have profound impacts on the richness, diversity and abundance of arthropods. The present study was carried out to assess the effect of drip irrigation on the richness, abundance and diversity of soil arthropods at three different Tehsils of District Bahawalpur i.e. Bahawalpur, Khairpur and Ahmedpur East. At each location, one flood and one drip irrigated guava orchard was selected. Weekly data of soil arthropods was recorded using 10 pitfall traps (at least 50 feet apart) in each orchard during April and May, 2022. The species richness, abundance, dominance and evenness of soil arthropods were slightly higher in flood irrigation orchards. However, Simpson, Shannon-wiener and chao-1 diversity indices did not vary significantly. Rank abundance curves showed that in all the drip and flood irrigated orchards, there was still some possibility of finding new species with the increasing sample size. Only one ant species Camponotus compressus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) constituted the major proportion of arthropods abundance in all the orchards whereas most of the species were very low in abundance. The results suggest that the soil arthropod diversity is not significantly affected with the flood and drip irrigation methods. Therefore, keeping in view the proven economic and water conservation advantages, the drip irrigation system can be adopted without harming soil arthropods diversity.","PeriodicalId":20076,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Bulletin","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78429255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Impact of Salt stress on Morphology and Physiology of Maize Plants 盐胁迫对玉米植株形态生理的影响

Plant Pathology Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.55627/pbulletin.001.01.0127

Zohaib Y Ahmad

{"title":"Impact of Salt stress on Morphology and Physiology of Maize Plants","authors":"Zohaib Y Ahmad","doi":"10.55627/pbulletin.001.01.0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/pbulletin.001.01.0127","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinization negatively influences crop plants worldwide. Stress conditions can defer plant development and improvement, lessen productivity, and in outrageous cases cause plant death. The biomass, morphology, homeostasis, and functioning of the plant are reduced under the influence of salt stress. High rates of the salts inside the plant tissues are toxic metabolically and can lead to a reduction in root and shoot weight, oxidative stress, production of ROS, and inhibition of photosynthesis. Maize is an important fodder crop grown worldwide. Nutritional imbalance, reduced seed germination, vegetative growth, and uptake of the nutrients have been noticed in maize crops as a result of salt accumulation. Seedling vigor, development, and stress resistance ability of the maize crop have been improved by nutritional management and an effective, simple, and receptive way known as seed priming. Soaking of seeds in water before sowing, i.e. hydropriming and use of different chemicals, i.e. osmopriming is being practiced in this regard. These seed priming methods facilitate the treated plants with resistance against salinity, early growth, vigorous plant stand, and uniform germination. So, this review paper investigates the effect of salinity on maize crops and the efficacy of osmo and hydro priming methods against abiotic stresses, especially soil salinization.","PeriodicalId":20076,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Bulletin","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83894931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficacy of Biocontrol Agent (BCA) Trichoderma spp. Against Black Scurf Disease (Rhizoctonia solani) of Potato 生物防治剂木霉对马铃薯黑皮病的防治效果研究

Plant Pathology Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.55627/pbulletin.001.01.0126

Zilli Huma

{"title":"Efficacy of Biocontrol Agent (BCA) Trichoderma spp. Against Black Scurf Disease (Rhizoctonia solani) of Potato","authors":"Zilli Huma","doi":"10.55627/pbulletin.001.01.0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/pbulletin.001.01.0126","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was designed to determine the efficacy of Trichoderma against soil borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani causing Black scurf disease in potato. Five various species of Trichoderma (Trichoderma herzianum, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma hamatum and Trichoderma helicum) were screened in vitro against Rhizoctonia solani via Dual culture technique. Amongst the antagonists Trichoderma herzianum, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma helicum was found to be more potent in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani. The results indicate that Trichoderma helicum and Trichoderma viride showed significant growth in suppressing the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani thus a highest inhibition percentage 71.8% was attained however, the Trichoderma herzianum, Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma hamatum showed mycelial percentage of 71.45%, 68.2% and 64.5% respectively. It is therefore concluded that an insignificant inhibition percentage 64.5% was shown by Trichoderma hamatum and found to be least effective in reducing mycelial growth as well as sclerotia formation of the test pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. However Trichoderma is good biocontrol agent and therefore can be used against Black scurf disease of potato.","PeriodicalId":20076,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Bulletin","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77387890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of different fungicides for the control of Alternaria leaf spot of roses caused by “Alternaria alternata” 不同杀菌剂防治玫瑰锈病的效果评价

Plant Pathology Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.55627/pbulletin.001.01.0121

Bareerah Khalid

引用次数: 0

Lipopeptides; Powerful antifungal weapons produced by Bacillus species Lipopeptides;由芽孢杆菌产生的强大的抗真菌武器

Plant Pathology Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.55627/pbulletin.001.01.0143

T. Mahmood

引用次数: 0

Histopathology and Bacterial Populations of Atypical Symptoms-Inducing Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri Strains in Leaves of Grapefruit and Mexican Lime 引起非典型症状的轴足黄单胞菌的组织病理学和细菌种群。柚子和墨西哥酸橙叶片中的柑橘菌株

Plant Pathology Bulletin Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.6649/PPB.200909_18(3).0001

Hsin-Cheng Lin, S. Hsu, K. Tzeng

{"title":"Histopathology and Bacterial Populations of Atypical Symptoms-Inducing Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri Strains in Leaves of Grapefruit and Mexican Lime","authors":"Hsin-Cheng Lin, S. Hsu, K. Tzeng","doi":"10.6649/PPB.200909_18(3).0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200909_18(3).0001","url":null,"abstract":"Histopathology of atypical symptoms-inducing Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) strains XW47 (type Xac-A') and XW121 (type Xac-A') in citrus leaves was examined with light and electron microscopy, and compared with that of a typical Asiatic citrus canker strain XW19 (type Xac-A). Strain XW47 induces typical canker lesions on leaves of Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia) but causes flat necrotic lesions with water soaked margin on leaves of grapefruit (C. paradisi): whereas strain XW121 induces restricted and raised corky lesions without watersoaked margin on both citrus leaves. Light microscopic examinations showed that XW47 induced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mesophyll cells and ruptures of the epidermis as those observed in Mexican lime leaves induced by XW19. However, neither hypertrophic cells nor eruption of the epidermis were observed in the brownish necrotic and hyperplastic mesophyll tissues induced by XW47 on grapefruit leaves. A distinct layer of lignified tissues around the brownish disintegrated erumpent tissues in which masses of fibrillar matrix agglutinated with bacterial cells was observed in the sections of a restricted and raised corky lesion induced by strain XW121. Bacterial populations of strain XW121 in mesophyll tissues were approximately 10^3 folds lower than those of XW19 and XW47 under a lower inoculum concentration, but increased to those of XW19 and XW47 under a higher inoculum concentration. Although XW19 and XW47 induced distinct symptoms on grapefruit leaves, no significant difference of bacterial growth was observed.","PeriodicalId":20076,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Bulletin","volume":"25 1","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73801265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of the Coat Protein Genes of Two Isolates of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus from Central Taiwan 台湾中部两株甘薯羽毛斑驳病毒外壳蛋白基因的核苷酸序列分析

Plant Pathology Bulletin Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.6649/PPB.200712_16(4).0004

Li-yuan Wang, Kuan-Chun Chen, Tsung-Chi Chen, S. Yeh

{"title":"Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of the Coat Protein Genes of Two Isolates of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus from Central Taiwan","authors":"Li-yuan Wang, Kuan-Chun Chen, Tsung-Chi Chen, S. Yeh","doi":"10.6649/PPB.200712_16(4).0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200712_16(4).0004","url":null,"abstract":"Two potyvirus-like isolates, CY1 and CY2, were collected from sweet potato displaying leaf symptoms of mosaic or vein mottling at Chia-Yi area. Taiwan, by single-lesion isolation on Chenpodium quinoa plants. Using the degenerate primers for potyviruses, a 1.2 kb and a 1.3 kb DNA fragments were amplified from CY1-and CY2-infected tissues of C. quinoa, respectively, by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After clotting and sequencing, the two cDNA fragments were found to be of 1205 and 1351 bp. and corresponding to a part of the 3' end of nuclear inclusion (NIb) region and the 5' end of the coat protein (CP) region of potyviruses. For amplification of the region corresponding to the 3' end of CP region, the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR), and the poly A tail, RT-PCR was conducted with the oligo (dT) primer and the specific Primers designed from the known sequence. The assembled cDNA sequences of 1249 and 1383 bp, respectively, from CY1 and CY2 were elucidated to reflect the 3'-terminal region of nuclear inclusion b (NIb) protein gene [85 nt (28 aa) / 213 nt (71 aa)], the complete CP gene [939 nts (313 aa) /945 nts (315 aa)], and 3'-uTR (both 225 nt) and a poly (A) tail. Sequence analysis indicated that the two viruses were isolates of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV). The two isolates showed 80.6% nucleotide identity and 86.3% amino acid identity in their CP genes. A putative proteolytic cleavage site Q/S was predicted between NIb protein and CP. A DAG triplet for aphid transmissibility of potyviruses was found at the 9-11 residues from the N-terminus of both CP genes. Phylogenetic analysis of CP sequences revealed that SPFMV-CY1 belonged to the group C and is as closely related to the isolates 115/1S, 5, Arua 10a, O and TZ4. The sequence relationships between the two isolates and potyviruses revealed that SPFMV-CY1, SPFMV-CY2 were closely to the sweet potato infecting potyviruses, SPVY, SPVG and SPLV, reflecting a more recent evolutionary relationship.","PeriodicalId":20076,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Bulletin","volume":"22 1","pages":"203-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81000517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2