International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Environmental Quality: An Empirical Analysis for South Asian Economies","authors":"Zubaria Andlib, Adnan Khan","doi":"10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.591","url":null,"abstract":": Present study is an attempt to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between ICT, financialdevelopment, governance effectiveness, and COE nexus in selected South Asian countries. The data were acquiredfrom WDI and applied FMOLS, DOLS, FEOLS methods of estimation for the period 1995-2019. It is observed thatICT has negative while financial development has a positive impact on COE in the case of four South Asianeconomies. Concerning the impact of governance on COE, it is observed that governance effectiveness is negativelyassociated with COE. It is evident from the empirical analysis that COE can be mitigated with effective governancepolicies.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126456647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention and Mitigation Management of Tunnel Collapse and Failure during ConstructionA ReviewPrevention and Mitigation Management of Tunnel Collapse and Failure during ConstructionA Review","authors":"Z. Rehman, S. Hussain, Muhammad Tahir, Noor Muhammad, S. Sherin, N. Dasti","doi":"10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.590","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical and numerical methods of design play a vital role in assessing rock mass behaviour quantitativelyand qualitatively for the design of underground structures and support systems. The purpose of this research is to reviewthe techniques used for the management and prevention of failures that occur in rock mass for safe, stable, efficient, andeconomical design of support system for underground structures especially tunnels in diverse rock mass conditions.Failure of tunnels in rocks can occur during construction as well as during service; however, the former is very common.The most challenging task in tunnel construction is the rehabilitation and remedial process of the failed tunnel section.Unfortunately, due to differences in nature, shape, and type of failure, each case needs to be treated discretely andindependently. The risk of failure can be minimized by implementing prior preventive measures, while the success ofrehabilitation is based on better management of rehabilitation work. However, both prevention and rehabilitation needample investigative knowledge that can be learned from case histories. The current work is related to the prevention andmitigation methods of tunnel failure and collapses that occur during the early stages of tunnel designing.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114723890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Marine Coastal Water Pollution from Karachi Harbour Pakistan","authors":"Yasmin Nergis, J. A. Butt, M. Sharif","doi":"10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.583","url":null,"abstract":": In Pakistan, marine pollution is a major problem that is caused by the waste from industrial, municipal,agronomy, and oil leak sources. The pollutant loads along with the coastline areas near Karachi is received fromterrestrial contaminants including discharges from Karachi Harbour located on the estuary of the Lyari river. Karachigenerates 472 Million Gallon per Day (MGD) of wastewater out of which only 55 MGD is treated and the rest isdischarged in the sea. The prevailing sewage treatment plants are functioning at reduced capacity due to the insufficienttransmission capacity of interceptors. Water sampling was carried out from the Lyari River and five different selectedcoastal point around Karachi harbour for physicochemical parameters and selected heavy metals. Results show that theKarachi Harbour area is noticeably polluted, whereas; the coastal environment in the vicinity of Karachi is also underthe stress of pollution. High COD and BOD5 values were noticed at the Lyari river samples and the sampling locationsclose to the Lyari river outfall area. The Pb, Cd, Ni, and Hg heavy metals that pollute marine water are found. Thissituation is due to the discharge of mixed effluents of industrial and domestic wastes as well as dredging, cargohandling, dumping of ship waste and other coastal activities. The highest value of pollution observed at KarachiHarbour which is near Lyari river mouth, where the domestic and industrial effluents with organic and inorganic wasteshave a greater influence on the water quality and the marine environment. At present, there is no effective controllingmechanism for industries to treat their waste, nor has any investigation to assess increasing marine pollution beencarried out. As a result, there is an adverse impact on fish habitat and mangroves, corrosion of cargo ships, navalvessels and the residents living in the coastal area. Therefore, the government agencies and industrial sectors shouldwork together to avert marine pollution and attain total environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124326930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote Sensing Study of Neotectonics of Katwaz Region in Balochistan-Pakistan","authors":"S. Batool, Areeba Amer, Syed Amer Mehmood, M. Shahzad, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar, Asad Waseem, M. Shafiq","doi":"10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.579","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation deals with the delineation of neotectonics and its connection to the regional surfacedeformation in the Katwaz region (KR) located in the north of Quetta along the Pakistan-Afghan border. It consists ofrocks dominated by silicates and carbonates, were uplifted due to regional tectonics. In this study, SRTM DEM (90mspatial resolution) based Surface Dynamics (SDMs) of KR is analyzed to investigate the Isobase level (IBL), Relativerelief (RR), Topographic surface roughness (TSR) and topographic Slope (TS) map to constrain the active surfacedeformation due to regional neotectonics. It gives complete information regarding the lithology based erosional marginsand demarcation of neotectonic scarps and established the relationship between Strahler order streams and neotectonicsettings in an actively deformed KR. This study aims to delineate margins for geomorphological variations and to findthe effects of neotectonics. Another purpose is to examine the geomorphic parameters and to map active tectonicsdevelopment due to transform sinistral movement of the Chaman Fault system (CFS) in the context of the ongoingcollision of India-Eurasia. The resultant and generated surface dynamic maps (SDMs) were due to neotectonicdevelopments, progressions and orientations along with CFS and Suleman fold, and thrust belts (SFTBs). The resultsobtained revealed that IBL values are higher in the NNE, SSW, and central parts along with the CFS, and partially in theNW corner of the KR due to uplifted SFTBs. The active tectonic nature of SFTBs and TSR values are lower in the centraland northern parts of KR. The TSR values are higher along SFTBs and CFS due to greater vertical dissection betweenthese two active faults system. The DEM based SDMs are time-efficient and cost-effective for easy identification anddelineation of neo-tectonically active zones using remote sensing and GIS techniques.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131837926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Assessment of Drinking Water in Vehari District of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Nagina Riaz, F. Rehman, S. Hussain, Sheikh Asrar Ahmad","doi":"10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.582","url":null,"abstract":"The current study is performed to assess the physio-chemical characteristics and drinking water quality inthree Tehsils (Mailsi, Burewala and Vehari) of District Vehari, Punjab (Pakistan). The water samples of investigatedregions were subjected to physicochemical characterization (pH, EC, TDS, HCO3 -, CO3 -2 , Cl- , NO3 - , PO4 -3 , SO4 -3, Na+,K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Fe+2, Cu+2, Zn+2 and Mn+2). It was demonstrated that certain parameters were exceeding WHO standard limits. The water of Lalazar colony, college town, Y-Block and Sharqi colony was found unfit for drinking purposes soit may cause serious health concerns in the citizens of the investigated areas.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131928526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies On the Role of Fungal Strains in Bioremediation of Dyes Isolated from Textile Effluents","authors":"M. Nawaz, M. Afzaal, Zainab Shahid, Muhammad Ibrahim, Salhuddin Ahmed, Huma Nawaz","doi":"10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.584","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal strains are widely used for the cleaning of soil, sediments, groundwater, surface water, and theecosystem. The presence of extracellular enzymes in fungi facilitates the process of bioremediation of textile dyes. Thisstudy was conducted to observe the quality of water being released from textile dyes industries and also the capabilityof some fungal strains which can remediate these dyes by showing the tendency of their resistance. Samples of waterwere collected from the polluted area surrounding the textile dyeing industries in Lahore. In the process of isolation,Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium was used to verify the fungal growth. Fungal strains were purified, and themorphological characterization of fungal strains was carried out at 10X and 100X by using a magnification microscope.The fungal strains, such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillusoryzae, and Aspergillusflavus were identified. The stress offour types of dyes was given to each fungal strain. The results showed that Aspergillusoryzae was one of the moststable, non-toxic, and resistant fungal species against the high stress of dyes as compared to other species.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122406150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Floods and Suitability Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting Potential Areas in Lahore City, Pakistan","authors":"S. Zia, S. A. Shirazi, M. N. Minallah, M. Batool","doi":"10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.581","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing threat of urban flooding, particularly in Pakistan that needs attention and requireseffective management strategies. The chief trigger for urban flooding is the rapid and unplanned urbanization in areaswhere impermeable surface inhibits rainwater diffusion and changes the natural water flow. In many developedcountries, a technique of rainwater harvesting is implemented as a sustainable strategy to manage urban stormwater.Most studies and projects chiefly focused on the potential use of the Rainwater harvesting technique for waterconservation in arid and semi-arid climates. In the present work, GIS and remote sensing methodologies are utilized forthe suitability of rainwater harvesting structures. This study was conducted in Lahore, the second most populated cityof Pakistan and the capital of Punjab. Generally, the water harvesting technique depends on topographical areas withwater accumulation, where there is an availability of open spaces in the form of green areas and barren lands, rainfall,drainage network density, and rainfall distribution, particularly in the urban environment. The SRTM DEM data wereused for finding high water accumulated areas, and the Landsat OLI image is used to retrieve land use information i.e.vacant land and open green spaces, existing drainage network density, and rainfall distribution. All these layers wereintegrated through AHP to detect the potentially suitable sites for the construction of rainwater harvesting structures.Results concluded 94 suitable sites with categorization from highly to critically suitable for the construction ofrainwater harvesting structures in which 6 were highly suitable areas in Data Gunj Bakhsh Town and Ravi Town.Besides, residential areas are having a maximum site suitability percentage, followed by roads, agricultural and openspaces in the area under consideration. Considering the suitable sites, further rainwater harvesting methods can beidentified in the study area to alleviate urban flooding and improve the urban environment.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125724462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Reservoir Porosity Using Seismic Post-Stack Inversion in Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan","authors":"S. Jalal, H. Rehman, S. Alam, A. Wahid","doi":"10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.588","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic post-stack inversion is one of the best techniques for effective reservoir characterization. This studyintends to articulate the application of Model-Based Inversion (MBI) and Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN) for theidentification of reservoir properties i.e. porosity estimation. MBI technique is applied to observe the low impedancezone at the porous reservoir formation. PNN is a geostatistical technique that transforms the impedance volume intoporosity volume. Inverted porosity is estimated to observe the spatial distribution of porosity in the Lower Goru sandreservoir beyond the well data control. The result of inverted porosity is compared with that of well-computed porosity.The estimated inverted porosity ranges from 13-13.5% which shows a correlation of 99.63% with the computed porosityof the Rehmat-02 well. The observed low impedance and high porosity cube at the targeted horizon suggest that it couldbe a probable potential sand channel. Furthermore, the results of seismic post-stack inversion and geostatistical analysisindicate a very good agreement with each other. Hence, the seismic post-stack inversion technique can effectively beapplied to estimate the reservoir properties for further prospective zones identification, volumetric estimation and futureexploration.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130793229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Network and Regression Methods for Estimation of the Average Daily Temperature of Hyderabad for the Years 2018-2020","authors":"A. Tahir, Mamnoon Akhtar, Z. Din, M. Sarim","doi":"10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.592","url":null,"abstract":"A qualitative study on temperature distribution has been executed in Hyderabad by several researchers. Thisstudy, however, is the first attempt to study temperature distribution quantitatively. Two different methods, i.e.,Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Regression Analysis (RA), have been used to determine the average dailytemperature distribution for Hyderabad, a city in Pakistan. Both the methods are used to predict the average dailytemperature of the years; 2018, 2019, and 2020. In Neural Network (NN) analysis, the network was trained andvalidated for three years with temperature recorded from 2015-2017. With the help of training and validationparameters of the hidden layer, the average d aily temperature was predicted for 2018-2020. Based on input parameters(dew point, relative humidity, and wind speed), a multiple regression model was developed, and average dailytemperature for the years 2018-2020 was predicted again. For validation of the model statistical errors, Root MeanSquare Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MABE), Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE), and coefficient ofdetermination are calculated. The statistical errors show that multiple regression models and neural network modelsprovide a good prediction of temperature distribution. However, the results of the neural network are better than theregression model.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131374516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault Control on Groundwater Flow in An Alluvial Aquifer, Chaman and Khojak Basins, Balochistan, Pakistan","authors":"Noor Ullah, N. Kakar, D. M. Kakar","doi":"10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/IJEEG.VOL12.ISS2.2021.586","url":null,"abstract":"Geological structures such as faults play a critical role in the flow of fluids in a reservoir by affecting itspermeability. This study explores the role of the Chaman Fault in the distribution of hydrological division, groundwaterseparation of the aquifer systems of Khojak and Chaman basins. The Chaman Fault is a left-lateral strike-slip transformplate boundary located at the border city of Chaman, District Killa Abdullah, Balochistan. The Chaman fault plays animportant role in the division of groundwater in the subsurface, accommodating the structural compartment of theaquifer system. The studies showed that the strike-slip movement of the fault made the aquifer impervious along thefault line. This assertion may also be confirmed by the drastic change in the water table across the fault. Sharp changesin the groundwater table and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were observed during the study. The Karazes which are anindigenous method of irrigation is present in the eastern foothills of Khojak mountains called Khojak basin. Here thewater table is as shallow as ≈ 6 meters in comparison to the western side of the fault, where the water table drops to≈274 meters towards the valley of Chaman basin. The average TDS level on the eastern side of the fault line is 773mg/L and 1361 mg/L on the western side. Therefore, the Chaman fault is acting as a groundwater barrier which isfeeding the Karezes for centuries.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123861067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}