Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science最新文献_第4页

Ocean Governance: A tertiary educational perspective in the Mauritian context 海洋治理:毛里求斯背景下的高等教育视角

Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.si2022.1.10

V. Uppiah, C. Appadoo

引用次数: 0

Every account counts for sustainable development: lessons from the African CoP to implement ocean accounts in the Western Indian Ocean region 每一个账户都事关可持续发展:从非洲缔约方会议吸取的教训，在西印度洋区域实施海洋账户

Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.si2022.1.11

Tainã G. Loureiro, Jordan Gacutan, Ben M. Milligan, Teerapong Praphotjanaporn, K. Findlay

{"title":"Every account counts for sustainable development: lessons from the African CoP to implement ocean accounts in the Western Indian Ocean region","authors":"Tainã G. Loureiro, Jordan Gacutan, Ben M. Milligan, Teerapong Praphotjanaporn, K. Findlay","doi":"10.4314/wiojms.si2022.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.si2022.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The Western Indian Ocean (WIO) is critical in supporting the social and economic development of the nations it borders. To safeguard the various opportunities it provides, it is essential to adopt sustainable ocean development models that balance ocean wealth and ocean health. Such models depend on evidence-based and adaptative ocean governance underpinned by holistic social, environmental and economic indicators. The ocean accounts framework provides a standard accounting structure to integrate social, economic and environmental information in alignment with relevant international statistical standards such as the System of National Accounts and the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting. Applying such a framework produces integrated indicators against which changes can be assessed and measured. These indicators also inform decision-making and support the prioritisation of areas requiring further attention by highlighting data deficiencies, ocean governance gaps and under-explored research areas. The framework encompasses and links several systems of accounting that can be used based on specific priorities. However, three initiation points have been identified that can be further expanded and concatenated into other accounts encompassed by the framework. This publication provides practical guidelines to start implementing national, regional or local ocean accounts, following the Global Ocean Accounts Partnership Technical Guidance on Ocean Accounting. It is further complemented by amendments proposed by the African Community of Practice based on lessons learned during the implementation of ocean accounts pilots across the WIO region. Compiling ocean accounts is an adaptative and iterative process and should be constantly ameliorated and adjusted to local contexts and priorities. However, efforts should be made to maintain coherence with the framework and international standards.","PeriodicalId":200681,"journal":{"name":"Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115375697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of land-based pollution problems in Kenyan marine environments to facilitate adaptive management of coral reef systems 评估肯尼亚海洋环境的陆基污染问题，以促进珊瑚礁系统的适应性管理

Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.si2022.1.6

Cornelius Okello, N. Oduor, G. Owato, J. Mutiso, M. Owuor, A. Tuda

{"title":"Assessment of land-based pollution problems in Kenyan marine environments to facilitate adaptive management of coral reef systems","authors":"Cornelius Okello, N. Oduor, G. Owato, J. Mutiso, M. Owuor, A. Tuda","doi":"10.4314/wiojms.si2022.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.si2022.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Coral reefs are sensitive to environmental perturbations, and an unprecedented decline in corals has been reported globally as a result of increasing global and local stressors including excessive input of anthropogenic nutrients. This study investigated the effect of land-based sources of nutrients (N and P) associated with sewage, on ocean water quality and the health of corals in Mombasa Marine National Park and Reserve in Kenya to inform integrated coastal zone management and ocean governance. A year-long study was conducted to determine water quality according to protocols described in Grasshoff et al. (2007). Coral health status was also monitored using Underwater Visual Census (UVC) to record coral reef ecological parameters. The study area’s temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen were within the recommended standards for healthy coral reefs. The study indicated that land-based nutrients, Chlorophyll-a (Chl a) and total suspended solids (TSS), are the key factors affecting corals and could be the reason for the observed coral health, which ranged from fairly healthy to unhealthy. On average, nutrient concentrations were higher than recommended to maintain at least 50% coral coverage. Ammonia was the dominant form of nitrogen ranging from 0.105 to 0.4130 mg/l, while nitrate concentrations were 0.0348-0.0468 mg/l, indicating the possibility of blooming algal species in the area. Total suspended solids were above the recommended values, ranging between 33.5 and 79.3mg/l and Chl a 0.7114 and 1.58 μg/l. The study concluded that land-based nutrient load influenced coral reef health during the study period. It recommends that land-based pollution needs to be addressed as part of a holistic, integrated coastal zone management approach supporting practical, sustainable and legal management of nutrient discharge into the marine environment to preserve the water quality of Mombasa Marine National Park and Reserve.","PeriodicalId":200681,"journal":{"name":"Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science","volume":"434 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133466825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abundance, spatial distribution and threats to Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in an Important Marine Mammal Area in Tanzania 坦桑尼亚重要海洋哺乳动物区印度-太平洋宽吻海豚(Tursiops aduncus)的丰度、空间分布和威胁

Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.1

Magreth Kasuga, M. D. Varisanga, T. Davenport, N. Jiddawi, G. Braulik

{"title":"Abundance, spatial distribution and threats to Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in an Important Marine Mammal Area in Tanzania","authors":"Magreth Kasuga, M. D. Varisanga, T. Davenport, N. Jiddawi, G. Braulik","doi":"10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abundance estimates of cetaceans in the western Indian Ocean are rare, but important, as many cetacean populations are under threat, especially those in coastal habitats. This study aimed to generate first estimates of abundance for Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), assessed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List, in an area identified by the Marine Mammal Protected Area Task Force as an ‘Important Marine Mammal Area’. Two study sites were surveyed along the east and west coastlines of the Pemba Channel, Tanzania. In west Pemba, between 2014 and 2016 four boat-based visual surveys conducted a total of 2467 km of survey effort sighting a total of 16 groups of T. aduncus. Abundance was estimated using mark-recapture models of photo-identified individuals as 83 animals (CV 7.8%, 95% CI 72-97) in the 1084km2 study area. In the Tanga study area in 2016 two boat-based visual surveys covered 1254 km of effort during which 15 groups of T. aduncus were sighted, resulting in a photo-ID based mark-recapture abundance estimate of 196 (CV 8.9%, 95% CI 165-233) individuals in the 1562 km2 study site. Group encounter rate for this species in Tanga was double that recorded in the Pemba study site. A total of 23% of identified dolphins bore the scars of interactions with fishing gear.","PeriodicalId":200681,"journal":{"name":"Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130493001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Use of physicochemical parameters and metal concentrations in assessing anthropogenic influences on coastal rivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 利用物化参数和金属浓度评估坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆沿海河流的人为影响

Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.2

Z. Mhande, M. Mihale, H. Hellar-Kihampa

{"title":"Use of physicochemical parameters and metal concentrations in assessing anthropogenic influences on coastal rivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","authors":"Z. Mhande, M. Mihale, H. Hellar-Kihampa","doi":"10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Spatio-temporal variations in water quality of three rivers along the Indian Ocean coast in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, were investigated based on physicochemical parameters and metal concentrations. A compliance analysis was performed based on the Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) and World Health Organization (WHO) limits to examine the suitability of water for domestic use. The dataset was subjected to statistical analysis to determine differences and similarities amongst the rivers. Levels of pH (6.83-11.41), total dissolved solids (203–34,333 mg/L), electrical conductivity (9,408-68,014 μS/cm), turbidity (10.0-45.0 NTU), chloride (108-14,248 mg/L), sulphate (35-766 mg/L) and ammonium (40-5,468 μg/L) complied with neither TBS nor WHO limits. Dissolved oxygen (1.4-6.6 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (91-1,863 mg/L), total suspended solids (11.9-50.7 mg/L), alkalinity (200-2,658 mg/L), total hardness (362-12,1312 mg/L), salinity (0.19-29.35 ppt) and phosphate (<method detection limit-3.01 μg/L) indicated polluted water in parts of the rivers. Pb (0.7-24.0 μg/L) exceeded both the TBS and WHO limits, whereas Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn and Cd were below limits. Water quality was poorer during the wet season. The results indicate that water from the rivers is unsafe for human consumption and the poor water quality probably also affects the ecology of the rivers. Strategic measures to protect the rivers from further contamination are suggested.","PeriodicalId":200681,"journal":{"name":"Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125717853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Additions to the marine decapod (Crustacea: Decapoda) fauna of South Africa 南非海洋十足动物(甲壳纲:十足动物)动物群的增补

Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.5

J. Landschoff, C. Griffiths, L. Atkinson, K. Sink, Thomas P. A. Botha

引用次数: 0

Assessment of vertical and horizontal distribution of meiobenthos along a salinity gradient in the Tana and Sabaki Estuaries, north coast Kenya 肯尼亚北部海岸塔纳和萨巴基河口沿盐度梯度的小底栖动物垂直和水平分布评价

Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.6

J. Amisi, Cosmas Munga, N. Wambiji, Edward Kimani

{"title":"Assessment of vertical and horizontal distribution of meiobenthos along a salinity gradient in the Tana and Sabaki Estuaries, north coast Kenya","authors":"J. Amisi, Cosmas Munga, N. Wambiji, Edward Kimani","doi":"10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Meiobenthos respond to variability in salinity gradients in estuarine habitats and are thus suitable organisms for ecological studies. The vertical and horizontal distribution of the meiofauna community structure of two major estuaries (Sabaki and Tana) on the north coast of Kenya were compared. The aim was to draw a meiofaunal dataset inventory of the two estuaries and to examine how salinity gradient, seasonality and sediment characteristics influence their structure. Replicate samples were collected from three sampling stations along the salinity gradient of each river estuary. A total of 3,556 individuals belonging to 26 taxa were recorded. Based on seasons and across stations, the upper surface (0-5 cm) layer recorded the highest meiobenthic density (90 ± 42 ind.10 cm-2), followed by 46 ± 23 ind.10 cm-2 (5-10 cm) and 30 ± 8 ind.10 cm-2 in the deepest sediment layer (10-15 cm) studied. The southeast monsoon season recorded the highest mean density (160 ± 22 ind.10 cm-2) compared to the northeast monsoon season (22 ± 12 ind.10 cm-2) for both estuaries. Results of the non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling technique revealed distinct seasonal composition in meiobenthos but not between the estuaries. Results of the 2-way ANOSIM test confirmed no significant differences in meiobenthic composition between the estuaries (p = 0.712). However, seasonal difference was significant (p = 0.001) with higher densities for nematoda (166 ± 99 ind.10 cm-2 and 56 ± 29 ind.10 cm-2) recorded in Tana and Sabaki, respectively during the southeast monsoon season. At least 7 taxa out of a total of 26 were present in both estuaries. Salinity gradient, season and sediment depth were found to influence the meiobenthic densities and taxa composition.","PeriodicalId":200681,"journal":{"name":"Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129345552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patterns of fish community structure in protected and non-protected marine areas of mainland Tanzania 坦桑尼亚大陆受保护和非受保护海域鱼类群落结构格局

Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.7

Fausta G. Salema, N. Mbije, E. Mwakalapa, A. A. Rija

{"title":"Patterns of fish community structure in protected and non-protected marine areas of mainland Tanzania","authors":"Fausta G. Salema, N. Mbije, E. Mwakalapa, A. A. Rija","doi":"10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Information on the benefits of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) for the condition of fish stocks is not well documented in Tanzania. Fish landing sites located in Tanga and Mtwara regions were surveyed to assess patterns of fish community structure; particularly fish abundance, species diversity, growth patterns, and maturity stages, based on catches landed at sites with different protection status. Fish abundance in the catch from protected areas was significantly lower than in non-protected areas (p=0.002). Species diversity was relatively higher in catches from non-protected (H=2.742) compared to protected areas (H=2.232). A high percentage of species (63.24 %) exhibiting negative allometric growth was observed in catches from non-protected areas. Further, a large number of mature fish was observed in catches from protected areas compared to non-protected areas (p<0.01). These indices are useful indicators of the performance of MPAs. The observed negative allometric growth and reduced number of mature fishes in the non-protected areas suggest that extractive pressure and disturbances from fishing gears have negative impacts on the fish stock. Continued high extraction may induce a decline in general fish size due to the constant selection for large-trait fish specimens, potentially causing evolutionally change in morphological traits. In contrast, the lower abundance and species diversity from the protected areas reflected low catch effort as a result of regulated fishing pressure in MPAs, rather than indicating the actual diversity in the fish stocks in these protected waters. Based on these findings it is recommended that more regulatory strategies are implemented in non-protected waters to allow more time for fish to attain appropriate harvest sizes and to ensure the effective protection of marine resources.","PeriodicalId":200681,"journal":{"name":"Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117208854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of household human and social capitals on participation in agricultural development initiatives in the coastal region of Kenya 家庭人力和社会资本对参与肯尼亚沿海地区农业发展倡议的影响

Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.8

A. H. Ong'ayo, Farida A. Hassan

{"title":"The influence of household human and social capitals on participation in agricultural development initiatives in the coastal region of Kenya","authors":"A. H. Ong'ayo, Farida A. Hassan","doi":"10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The present study sought to establish the human and social capital that determines rural households’ participation in agricultural projects and programmes implemented by the Kenyan government and development partners. The research was carried out among rural households in the three counties of the coastal region of Kenya. Multi-stage sampling techniques (purposive, proportionate random and simple random sampling) were used to select the study area and the study sample. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion and observation schedules. The data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and regression analysis with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 22. The findings revealed that individuals with human capital; namely age (-0.15), primary education (-0.16), secondary education (-0.14), vocational training (0.35), and on the of job training (0.25), have a higher likelihood of participating in agricultural development initiatives. Households with the social capital of membership to groups (0.51), engaged in economic activities (0.53) and have linkages with development agencies (0.44) have a higher likelihood of participating in development initiatives. Key policy recommendations for county government and development partners include: encourage the community members to enrol in adult education; provide support for vocational and technical training; register as members in existing groups or form groups based on common interest, and engage in economic activities. The county governments should enhance advisory services to ensure close contact with professionals who will facilitate training, meetings and interactions with groups leading to the empowerment of members.","PeriodicalId":200681,"journal":{"name":"Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131691698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceived benefits and barriers to community participation in development projects – The case of Hazina ya Maendeleo ya Pwani on the Kenya coast 社区参与发展项目的利益和障碍——以肯尼亚海岸Hazina ya Maendeleo ya Pwani为例

Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.3

M. Osore, Farida A. Hassan, G. Morara

{"title":"Perceived benefits and barriers to community participation in development projects – The case of Hazina ya Maendeleo ya Pwani on the Kenya coast","authors":"M. Osore, Farida A. Hassan, G. Morara","doi":"10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Benefits and barriers to participating in community development projects as perceived by participants were studied in coastal counties of Kenya through a World Bank-funded initiative known as Hazina ya Maendeleo ya Pwani (HMP). Primary data were collected from 326 randomly selected HMP beneficiaries using questionnaires. Data analysis using SPSS prioritized perceived benefits of participation as: acquisition of additional financial support (94 %); development of new skill (90.8 %); enhanced ability to meet own individual needs (90.8 %); development of valuable professional relationships (90.8 %); acquisition of useful knowledge (84.2 %); increased utilization of own expertise (77.9 %) heightened public profile (77.2 %); ability to contribute to community (71.9 %); ability to have greater impact (68.8 %); and enhanced ability to effect public policy (49.1 %). Perceived barriers were prioritized as: feeling unwelcome (89.4 %); lack of information or not knowing (87.9 %); feeling unable to make a difference (87.9 %); demanding work schedule at home or office (69.7 %); inadequate transportation (50.8 %); and concern for safety (43.2 %). The study concluded that while the perceived benefits still strengthen the argument for active involvement of communities, development practitioners need to incorporate “what’s in it for me?” as an incentive for participation in future. They should also develop context-specific strategies to overcome participation barriers.","PeriodicalId":200681,"journal":{"name":"Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129941863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0