Physics of Fluids最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and simulation studies of flow characteristics of twin-blade vertical kneader with novel solid propellant slurry","authors":"Zhi-Yuan Feng, Xiaolong Fu, Zhiming Guo, Qi‐Long Yan","doi":"10.1063/5.0283236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0283236","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the flow behavior of solid propellant slurries containing core–shell fuel–oxidizer composites during mixing in a twin-blade vertical kneader with two different modes was studied through rheological experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The Herschel–Bulkley model was employed to fit the rheological data, indicating that the presence of Al@CL-20 and AP@Al would reduce the flow behavior index (n) by 0.31 and 0.19, respectively. Experimental kneading pressure was measured to validate the CFD model. Simulation results showed that the integrated composites significantly increased the apparent viscosity of the slurry and led to lower tangential but higher axial velocities during mixing, compared to conventional formulations. Compared to the control group, slurries containing Al@CL-20 have 66.7% and 56.3% higher peak kneading pressure under two mixing modes. The torque of both solid and hollow blades was increased by more than 30%, suggesting a notable rise in energy consumption during processing. A potential mechanism describing the variation of flow field characteristics was proposed.","PeriodicalId":20066,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Fluids","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147901074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactant-nanoparticle hybrids boosted oil in water emulsions: Interface synergistic mechanisms and coal flotation application","authors":"Jincheng Liu, Xibing Ren, Yibo Kong, Deke Zhang, Rui Zhang, Xiahui Gui, Yaowen Xing, Zhe Li","doi":"10.1063/5.0282220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0282220","url":null,"abstract":"The synergistic stabilization mechanisms of surfactant-nanoparticle hybrids in oil-in-water emulsions and their innovative application in enhancing low-rank coal flotation were systematically investigated. Two types of emulsions were initially prepared using a high-shear energy input method: Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-7 (AEO-7) and AEO-7/nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized emulsions. Multiple light scattering analysis was utilized to investigate their spatiotemporal evolution, revealing that emulsion destabilization arises from gravitational aqueous phase separation in the bottom, creaming in the middle layer, and droplet flocculation/coalescence at the top. Comparative analysis of AEO-7 emulsions and AEO-7/NPs emulsions under equivalent concentrations demonstrated that NPs synergize with AEO-7 to hinder spontaneous droplet coalescence, thereby reducing droplet size variation and enhancing emulsion stability. Notably, this synergistic stabilization mechanism exhibited dependence on surfactant concentration, functioning optimally below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.4 wt. %, while excessive concentrations induce competitive adsorption. Further investigation into NPs concentration effects revealed that higher NPs concentrations (up to 4.0 wt. %) corresponded to smaller backscattering fluctuations, lower Turbiscan Stability Index values, and improved dynamic stability. However, the minimum droplet diameter of 7.06 μm was achieved at 0.2 wt. % NPs, beyond which droplet size gradually increased, likely due to the formation of complex oil-in-water emulsion structures. NPs elevated surface tension and interfacial tension through competitive adsorption, but compensated for this by forming rigid barriers that hindered droplet migration and coalescence. The optimum surfactant/NPs formulation (0.2 wt. % AEO-7 + 0.2 wt. % NPs) was applied to low-rank coal flotation, demonstrating enhanced combustible recovery, accelerated flotation kinetics, and improved selectivity. This was attributed to the strengthening of coal-emulsion interactions and coal-bubble attachment through AEO-7/NPs emulsion. These findings advance colloidal science by revealing surfactant-NPs synergisms in emulsion stabilization and provide potential strategies for mineral processing.","PeriodicalId":20066,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Fluids","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147908599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid by gas–liquid sulfonation under annular flow pattern in the cross-shaped microreactor: Mass transfer model and reaction kinetics","authors":"Xin Xu, Na Xu, Qingyuan Kang, Wei Zhang, Mingyuan Wang, Junwen Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0282455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0282455","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid (LABSA) by gaseous SO3-sulfonated linear alkyl benzene (LAB) under annular flow in microreactors is limited by the lack of sufficient mass transfer model and reaction kinetics support, which hinders the understanding of gas–liquid micro-sulfonation process and the enhancement of LABSA yield. Therefore, the mass transfer model with chemical reaction is established to overcome this difficulty. First, the gas–liquid physical mass transfer mechanism is proposed in the cross-shaped microreactor based on the stretching deformation of liquid elements at the phase interface and small-scale eddies, and the gas–liquid physical mass transfer model is obtained by computational fluid dynamics. Then, the macroscopic reaction kinetics model of gas–liquid micro-sulfonation process is established, and the kinetic parameters are obtained combined with the experimental results. Finally, the chemical mass transfer model is constructed by integrating the physical mass transfer model with the reaction kinetic parameters. Studies show that SO3 absorption rate can reach 97% at 602.4–1168.5 mm of the microreactor. This study can guide SO3 concentration distribution in the microreactor and provide a theoretical basis for the length design of microreactors and the optimization of gas–liquid velocity conditions.","PeriodicalId":20066,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Fluids","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147910309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-analytical solutions of passive scalar transport in generalized Newtonian fluid flow.","authors":"Christopher A Bowers, Cass T Miller","doi":"10.1063/5.0281479","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0281479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transport during flow of generalized Newtonian fluids (GNFs) appears often in systems that can be treated in a simplified form as either cylindrical tubes or slit openings between parallel plates. Based on the pioneering work of Taylor, analytical solutions for transport in these simplified systems were derived generally. This includes analytical solutions for advection dominated transport, as well as a computation of the enhanced molecular diffusion coefficient in low Peclet number systems. These generally derived solutions were developed without assuming any specific fluid rheology and can predict transport when only a steady velocity field is known. The newly derived general solutions for species transport were applied to Cross and Carreau model fluids using a semi-analytical solution for velocity of these fluids. The semi-analytical solutions derived herein were compared to microscale simulations and showed agreement with the numerical error of those simulations. Because of the general nature of the transport solutions derived herein, these solutions can be applied to other non-Newtonian fluids, such as viscoelastic or viscoplastic fluids, as a straightforward extension of this work.</p>","PeriodicalId":20066,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Fluids","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of Reynolds Number Consistency in Non-Newtonian Hemodynamic Simulations: Insights from Fontan Circulation.","authors":"Coskun Bilgi, Heng Wei, Andrew L Cheng, Niema M Pahlevan","doi":"10.1063/5.0285662","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0285662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The non-Newtonian properties of blood flow have been widely debated in hemodynamic research, particularly for congenital heart defects. Many studies comparing Newtonian and non-Newtonian models have overlooked dimensional group consistency, resulting in comparisons influenced by inconsistent Reynolds numbers rather than viscosity effects. In this study, we address this issue by applying a generalized Reynolds number formulation to ensure consistent dimensionless group comparisons. We compare flow structures and hemodynamic metrics in 20 pediatric Fontan circulations using the non-Newtonian Casson model against both conventional and generalized Reynolds number-corrected Newtonian models. Our results show that the conventional Newtonian model significantly overestimates flow rotation and underestimates stagnation regions, potentially misrepresenting thrombosis risk. The generalized Reynolds number method, however, predicts flow structures, wall shear stress, and energy-based metrics more in line with the non-Newtonian model. Percentage of power loss estimates from the generalized method (17.7 [10.1, 22.7]; <math><mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></math> ) align more closely with the non-Newtonian model (12.9 [7.0, 17.1]) than with the conventional approach (8.5 [4.3, 10.2]; <math><mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.001</mn></math> ), offering a more clinically relevant prediction. Additionally, indexed viscous dissipation from the generalized method (2.14 [1.17, 3.69] n.d.) is statistically indistinguishable (p=0.97) from the non-Newtonian model (2.42 [1.07, 3.60] n.d.; <math><mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></math> ). Our analysis highlights that while the generalized Reynolds number method cannot fully replicate local shear-thinning effects, it substantially improves upon the conventional Newtonian approach by correcting for viscosity mismatch. We emphasize the importance of dimensionless group consistency before drawing conclusions in hemodynamic studies and advocate for broader adoption of non-Newtonian models to obtain critical clinical insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":20066,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Fluids","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12777659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomechanical behaviors of nanoparticles at oil/water/rock interfaces and their roles in macroscopic interfacial regulation","authors":"D.X. Li, Bin Yuan, Wei Zhang, Wendong Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0282466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0282466","url":null,"abstract":"Nanofluid has emerged as an effective enhanced oil recovery method through its capacity to regulate interfacial properties among rock and pore fluids. Microscopic interactions between nanoparticles and the ambient environment determine the adsorption behavior of nanoparticles, which, in turn, influences their ability to regulate rock wettability and oil–water interfacial tension (IFT). This study uses atomic force microscopy (AFM) to quantify nanomechanical forces between SiO2 nanoparticles and quartz substrates, and optical tweezers (mmi CellManipulator, MM1) are employed to probe interparticle forces at oil–water interfaces. AFM data are fitted using a mathematical model integrating steric repulsion, hydrophobic attraction, and Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory. The results show that as NaCl concentration increases from 0.01 to 1.0 mol L−1, the electrostatic repulsion decreases from 24.3 to 13.1 nN, and its range shrinks from 40 nm to approximately 10 nm. Consistent with this reduction in repulsion, increasing salinity shifts SiO2-quartz interactions toward stronger attraction, with a log –log linear correlation linking nanoparticle adhesion energy to contact angle changes. For oil–water interfaces, a mathematical model innovatively considering asymmetric electrical double-layer and dipole–dipole interactions is proposed to describe the contribution of different microscopic forces on the variation of interfacial properties. The model demonstrates that dipole–dipole forces generate stronger and longer-range repulsion (up to 200 nm) than classical double-layer effects (&amp;lt;15 nm). A log –log linear relationship is also observed between nanoparticle coverage and IFT changes. These results elucidate the microscopic mechanisms governing nanoparticle behaviors at multiphase interfaces, providing theoretical guidance for tailoring nanofluid formulations to specific reservoir conditions.","PeriodicalId":20066,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Fluids","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147904142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic dynamics research in the process of cell encapsulation with microfluidic chips","authors":"Ganggang Ni, Yingying Yang, Junyi Wu, Junyao Zhang, Haining Zhang, Shuo Ji, Mengting Wang, Penghui Wang, Bo Chi, Zihao Li, Yanzhen Zhang, Dege Li, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0285732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0285732","url":null,"abstract":"Cell encapsulation is of vital importance in biomedical applications, but mechanical damage during microfluidic processes compromises cell integrity and reduces encapsulation efficiency. This study constructs a dual layer spring network model, multiphase simulations, combined with experimental verification, to analyze transient microscale mechanics of L929 cells during injection and encapsulation in a microchannel. This work identifies two critical risk stages: (i) during injection, cells undergo varying degrees of compression and shear under different dispersed phase conditions; (ii) during encapsulation, cells at different neck positions are subjected to varying shear forces, leading to different encapsulation outcomes. Higher injection velocity increases cellular pressure. Both excessively high and low dispersed phase viscosities lead to elevated shear stress, whereas moderate viscosity and low injection velocity reduce shear and membrane strain, helping preserve cell integrity and enhancing encapsulation efficiency. During encapsulation, successful encapsulation largely depends on the position the cell reaches as it moves into the droplet neck. Rear neck cells face stronger shear and a higher risk of damage, while front neck cells are more easily encapsulated. Additionally, increasing the continuous phase velocity intensifies local pressure fluctuations, further raising the risk of membrane damage. Experimental results demonstrate that a flow rate ratio of 7–8 yields approximately 75% encapsulation efficiency, while ensuring stable and uniform droplet formation. This work quantifies how cell damage risk varies with encapsulation position, continuous phase velocity, and dispersed phase viscosity and flow rate. These findings offer guidance in optimizing mechanical conditions to improve cell viability and encapsulation performance.","PeriodicalId":20066,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Fluids","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147892638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and thickening mechanism of polymer nanospheres' inclusion synergistic enhancement system based on supramolecular interactions","authors":"Hongbin Yang, Haocong Li, Junbo Yao, Jian Zhao, Haizhuang Jiang, Ruichao Wang, Yubin Zhang, Luyao Xing, Wanli Kang, Бауыржан Сарсенбекулы","doi":"10.1063/5.0287741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0287741","url":null,"abstract":"CO2 flooding effectively enhances oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs while enabling CO2 geological storage. However, natural fractures and high-permeability channels in such reservoirs are prone to cause CO2 channeling, significantly reducing displacement efficiency. To address this challenge, this study innovatively developed a nanospheres inclusion synergistic enhancement system (ISES) based on cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDAM, host) and acid-resistant hydrophobic polymer nanospheres (PARC, guest). This system achieves shear-responsive intelligent viscosity modulation via a supramolecular self-assembly mechanism. The optimal preparation method for ISES was determined using apparent viscosity as the evaluation criterion. Furthermore, the correlation mechanism between the microstructure and rheological properties of ISES was elucidated using pyrene fluorescence probing, atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and rheological analysis. Experimental results demonstrate that under conditions of 85 °C and 1000 mg/l NaCl salinity, the viscosity of ISES reached 24.6 mPa s, representing a 92.24% increase compared to the viscosity of β-CDAM. The cavities of cyclodextrin present on the β-CDAM chain enable inclusion complexation with the surface hydrophobic chains of PARC. This interaction constructs a denser three-dimensional network structure, resulting in a significant increase in system viscosity. The system exhibits low viscosity under high-shear injection rates to improve injectivity. Upon entering the reservoir under low-shear conditions, it achieves in situ viscosity recovery through supramolecular self-assembly, thus effectively plugging gas channeling pathways and enabling deep conformance control. This study provides novel insights for preventing and controlling CO2 channeling, holding significant implications for the successful implementation of CO2 flooding.","PeriodicalId":20066,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Fluids","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147886740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-salinity water flooding in Middle East offshore carbonate reservoirs: Adaptation to reservoir characteristics and dynamic recovery mechanisms","authors":"Yuting He, Yuetian Liu, Bo Zhang, Jingpeng Li, Pingtian Fan, Rukuan Chai, Liang Xue","doi":"10.1063/5.0268080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0268080","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses nuclear magnetic resonance and microscopic seepage experiments to investigate dynamic changes in oil–water interface properties during low-salinity water flooding at the pore and core scales. Unlike static measurements, dynamic experiments capture continuous changes in key parameters, such as the increasing contact angle, interfacial curvature, and decreasing capillary force during low-salinity flooding. This study quantitatively analyzes the dynamic coupling mechanisms between oil–water interface properties and the mobilization of residual oil. The experiments demonstrate that low-salinity water has a more significant impact on enhancing the recovery of crude oil with high polar component content. In the dynamic flooding process, the increase in wettability angle and curvature shows that low-salinity water reduces the resistance to crude oil migration. The water flow, in combination with crude oil, forms oil–water micro-dispersions that promote the migration of residual oil in small pores, where high-polarity crude oil exhibits greater sensitivity to wettability alterations. The increase in injection rate enhances the shear detachment effect, further improving oil recovery, with low polar component crude oil being more sensitive to this effect. The contribution of dynamic wettability changes to the recovery factor in low salinity waterflooding is an order of magnitude greater than the interfacial tension effect, making it the primary influencing factor for improving recovery. Although this study is constrained by laboratory conditions, the results provide valuable theoretical support and experimental evidence for optimizing low-salinity waterflooding strategies and evaluating crude oil type adaptability in offshore carbonate reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":20066,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Fluids","volume":"37 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147918871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cascaded microfluidic system by integrating deterministic lateral displacement with cyclic tangential flow filtration for efficient sorting of exosomes from whole blood samples","authors":"Bingyan Jiang, L.X. Li, Mingyong Zhou, Yuan Li, Kai Luo, Xueheng Yang, Dan Chen","doi":"10.1063/5.0278510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0278510","url":null,"abstract":"Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle ranging from 30 to 150 nm in diameter that contain constituents of the cells that secrete them. The initial challenge in utilizing exosomes lies in their effective sorting from body fluids. However, traditional methods for exosome sorting are often time-consuming and costly. In this work, a cascaded microfluidic system was proposed for sorting exosomes from whole blood samples by integrating a deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) module with a circulation tangential flow filtration (CTFF) module. The DLD module, featuring multiple critical diameters, served as the first stage to remove blood cells from the sample. The CTFF module functioned as the second stage for exosome sorting. Sorting parameters were optimized including the sample flux, dilution factor of the blood sample, and transmembrane pressure. Exosomes were efficiently sorted from the plasma samples using the CTFF chip, achieving a recovery rate of 89.64% and a recovery purity of 84.27%. When employed to directly sort exosomes from whole blood samples, this cascaded system achieved a recovery purity of 70.21% and a recovery rate of 28.64%. The proposed sorting system presents a promising approach for the efficient sorting of micro/nanoparticles in complex biological samples.","PeriodicalId":20066,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Fluids","volume":"37 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147901177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}