{"title":"Composite electrolyte with polyethylene oxide and metal–organic framework for lithium-ion conduction","authors":"Nagma Zerin, Xinyang Yin, Janna K. Maranas","doi":"10.1002/pol.20230002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20230002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polyethylene oxide based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are safer alternatives to the current flammable liquid electrolytes used in lithium-ion batteries. Lithium ions are typically thought to conduct through the amorphous regions of SPEs with the aid of polymer segmental motion, which is correlated with the glass transition temperature (<i>T</i><sub><i>g</i></sub>). The ionic conductivity is generally increased by making the polymer more flexible (decreasing <i>T</i><sub><i>g</i></sub>) and/or by increasing the amorphous regions of the SPE, at the cost of compromising its stiffness. This trade-off makes it impossible to optimize both ionic conductivity and stiffness of SPEs. By incorporating a metal–organic framework (MOF) nanowhisker with the composition EO:Li = 6:1 [EO = ether oxygen, Li = lithium], we synthesized a unique composite electrolyte. We observed an atypical conductivity mechanism in this composite electrolyte, where lithium ions conduct through the crystalline regions without decreasing <i>T</i><sub><i>g</i></sub> or increasing amorphous fraction. The room-temperature ionic conductivity of the 6:1 polymer electrolyte increased by almost 400% when 2 wt% MOF nanowhisker was added. Our results supported the potential of a composite electrolyte, which enables simultaneous improvement in both conductivity and stiffness.</p>","PeriodicalId":199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry","volume":"61 13","pages":"1298-1307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.702,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5986464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feng Luo, Chengjiang Lin, Long Jiao, Zhijun Du, Zhixin Dong, Xuemin Dai, Xiaozheng Duan, Xuepeng Qiu
{"title":"High glass transition temperature and ultra-low thermal expansion coefficient polyimide films containing rigid pyridine and bisbenzoxazole units","authors":"Feng Luo, Chengjiang Lin, Long Jiao, Zhijun Du, Zhixin Dong, Xuemin Dai, Xiaozheng Duan, Xuepeng Qiu","doi":"10.1002/pol.20230086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20230086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polyimide (PI) films with extremely high heat-resisting and dimensional stability are ideal substrate materials for flexible organic light-emitting diodes. In this study, three diamines containing rigid bisbenzoxazole structures, 2,2′-<i>p</i>-phenylenebis(5-aminobenzoxazole) (phDBOA), 2,2′-<i>m</i>-pyridylenebis(5-aminobenzoxazole), and 2,2′-<i>p</i>-pyridylenebis(5-aminobenzoxazole) (<i>p</i>-PDBOA), were polymerized with 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) separately with traditional two-step approach to prepare a set of PI films. Introduction of bisbenzoxazole improves stiffness of molecular chain, whereas that of pyridine increases in-plane orientation and molecular chain tend to be densely stacked. Among prepared films, PI-6 (PMDA/<i>p</i>-PDBOA) shows the most excellent mechanical properties, with an ultra-high glass transition temperature of >450°C, an ultra-low thermal expansion coefficient of <5 ppm K<sup>−1</sup> (50–450°C), a tensile strength of 259 MPa, and a modulus of 8.3 GPa. Given these excellent properties, PI-6 could be applied in flexible display.</p>","PeriodicalId":199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry","volume":"61 13","pages":"1289-1297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.702,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5778732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thanh Duong Nguyen, Negin Farshchi, Tim Johannes Thomas Ulbricht, Thomas Schmidt, Anne Marschner, Günter K. Auernhammer, Markus Stommel, Brigitte Voit, Michaela Gedan-Smolka
{"title":"Wetting and friction behavior of chemically bonded PA-PTFE-oil compounds","authors":"Thanh Duong Nguyen, Negin Farshchi, Tim Johannes Thomas Ulbricht, Thomas Schmidt, Anne Marschner, Günter K. Auernhammer, Markus Stommel, Brigitte Voit, Michaela Gedan-Smolka","doi":"10.1002/pol.20230034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20230034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and olefinic oils are incompatible. High-energy radiation in the presence of oxygen can break the PTFE chain, generating hydrophilic functional groups (COF, COOH) and peroxy-radicals. Based on the functional groups and radicals, it is possible to establish a chemical bond between PA and PTFE as well as between PTFE and olefinic oil molecules. This study prepared PA-PTFE-oil-cb compounds (cb: chemically bonded) by reactive extrusion. The compounds wetting behavior are analyzed by contact angle measurement. Additionally, the sliding properties of the compound are investigated by micro friction testing against stainless steel. Due to good fragmentation and dispersion of PTFE in PA12 matrix, the PA12-MP1100-cb and PA12-MP1100-MO-cb compounds show a slight change in wetting behavior compared to virgin PA12. In contrast, the wetting behavior of compounds based on PA46 increases dramatically compared to virgin PA46. Moreover, due to the chemical bonding, the PA-PTFE-cb compound surface is significantly smoother than a physical blend used as a model compound. Similarly, the compounds based on PA12 and PA66-matrix show improved tribological properties compared to PA46-based compounds. COF values for PA66 and PA12-Z7321 are 0.69 and 0.55, respectively. In comparison, PA66-MP1100-MO-cb and PA12-MP1100-MO-cb (Z7321) have COF value of 0.34 and 0.38, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry","volume":"61 16","pages":"1818-1827"},"PeriodicalIF":2.702,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pol.20230034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5987778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Fitzgerald Grandes Reyes, Sungmin Ha, Kyoung Taek Kim
{"title":"Synthesis and applications of polymer cubosomes and hexosomes","authors":"Carlos Fitzgerald Grandes Reyes, Sungmin Ha, Kyoung Taek Kim","doi":"10.1002/pol.20230053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20230053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The synthesis and use of polymer cubosomes have received significant attention in recent years. Polymer cubosomes are highly stable colloidal particles with triply periodic minimal surface. Inherently, polymer cubosomes have several advantages over other nanostructures like micelles and vesicles as they are quite uniform and porous structures. Due to the large specific surface area of the interior and bicontinuous nature, they have the capacity to load significant amounts of hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. Additionally, their properties make them suitable for use as nanotemplates, catalyst supports, and nanovehicles for the separation and regulated release of biomolecules. Regarding their synthesis, block copolymers that may form cubosomes are still few in number, in part because different block copolymers require various self-assembly conditions. In order to create polymer cubosomes, five different self-assembly techniques have been reported, including the co-solvent method, flash nanoprecipitation, evaporation-induced self-assembly, solvent-diffusion-evaporation-mediated self-assembly, and polymerization-induced self-assembly. This review article describes various synthetic techniques for creating polymer cubosomes and goes into further depth on recent uses for polymer cubosomes. It is anticipated that this article may offer some helpful guidance to researchers interested in the different applications of polymer cubosomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry","volume":"61 12","pages":"1196-1213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.702,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pol.20230053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5717996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roberta Lopes do Rosario, Fotis Christakopoulos, Theo A. Tervoort, Fabrice Brunel, Timothy F. L. McKenna
{"title":"Gas-phase polymerization of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene with decreased entanglement density","authors":"Roberta Lopes do Rosario, Fotis Christakopoulos, Theo A. Tervoort, Fabrice Brunel, Timothy F. L. McKenna","doi":"10.1002/pol.20230038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20230038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is well known that ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a polymer with long chains and very high molecular weight that poses difficulties in terms of processability due to the presence of chain entanglements. In many cases is thus necessary to treat the material in different ways after the polymerization to minimize the amount of entanglements and improve the processability. Based on observations that the use of inert condensing agents (ICA) had a noticeable impact on molecular weight and crystallinity, it was decided to develop a gas-phase polymerization process with addition of ICA for UHMWPE with a high fraction of disentangled chains. For the optimization of this process, the comparison with slurry is important for the understanding the improvement. Thus, a clear difference between slurry and gas phase is observed in terms of crystallinity and the lamellar thickness of the crystals, molecular weight and entanglements. Characterization techniques are developed to measure the properties of the reactor powder and understand the impact of the alkanes in situ. Using solid-state drawability, the entanglement degree of the reactor powder is analyzed. From the small-angle x-ray scattering and wide-angle x-ray scattering techniques, it is possible to find a correlation of entanglements and lamellar thickness. Moreover, crystallization kinetics measurements of the polymer in presence of ICA constitutes a powerful method to explain the phenomena of entanglement and crystal formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry","volume":"61 12","pages":"1183-1195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.702,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5703022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulations of morphology control of self-assembled amphiphilic surfactants","authors":"Qinyu Zhu, Douglas R. Tree","doi":"10.1002/pol.20220771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20220771","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the grand challenges of amphiphilic self-assembly is the design of ordered structures whose morphology or shape can be explicitly and dynamically controlled by adjusting the properties of the amphiphiles or their surroundings. Such a capacity would enable researchers to create synthetic systems with functionality that meets or exceeds biological cells, and provide a robust platform for a broad range of engineering applications such as artificial tissues, drug delivery, and separation membranes. Despite significant progress, important fundamental questions remain unanswered, due in part to the limited resolution and the restricted parameter spaces that are readily accessible in experiments. Computational studies thus provide an important complement to experiments, enabling in-depth insight into underlying mechanisms and an exploration of the parameter spaces for behavior that has not yet been achieved in experiments. In this review, we briefly introduce fundamental concepts and pertinent experiments related to dynamic shape modulation in self-assembled amphiphiles. Then, in the bulk of the review, we survey the most influential simulation studies that investigate and identify approaches to control the self-assembled shape of amphiphiles, with an emphasis on kinetic and mechanical effects. Finally, we conclude with a perspective on future research directions in this exciting field.</p>","PeriodicalId":199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry","volume":"61 12","pages":"1214-1240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.702,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pol.20220771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5904756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramkrishna Sarkar, Soumabrata Majumdar, Sierd Kuil, Jorg Mallens, Joost J. B. van der Tol, Rint P. Sijbesma, Johan P. A. Heuts, Anja R. A. Palmans
{"title":"Dynamic covalent networks with tunable dynamicity by mixing acylsemicarbazides and thioacylsemicarbazides","authors":"Ramkrishna Sarkar, Soumabrata Majumdar, Sierd Kuil, Jorg Mallens, Joost J. B. van der Tol, Rint P. Sijbesma, Johan P. A. Heuts, Anja R. A. Palmans","doi":"10.1002/pol.20230068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20230068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dynamic covalent networks (DCNs) use chemical bonds that break and reform at appropriate processing conditions to allow reconfiguration of the networks. Recently, the acylsemicarbazide (ASC) motif has been added to the repertoire of such dynamic covalent bonds, which is capable of hydrogen bonding as well as dynamic bond exchange. In this study, we show that its sulfur congener, thioacylsemicarbazide (TASC), also acts as a dynamic covalent bond, but exchanges at a slower rate than the ASC moiety. In addition, siloxane-based DCNs comprising either ASC or TASC motifs or a varying composition of both show tunable relaxation dynamics, which slow down with an increasing amount of TASC motifs. The reduction in stress relaxation goes hand in hand with a reduction of creep in the network and can be tuned by the ASC/TASC ratio. All networks are readily processed using compression molding and dissolve when treated with excess hydrazide in solution. The ability to control network properties and creep in dynamic covalent polymeric networks by small changes in the molecular structure of the dynamic bond allows a generalized synthetic approach while accommodating a wide temperature window for application.</p>","PeriodicalId":199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry","volume":"61 13","pages":"1335-1347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.702,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pol.20230068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5733717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A facile approach toward the synthesis of terephthalic acid via aminolytic depolymerization of PET waste and studies on the kinetics of depolymerization","authors":"Rushik Radadiya, Syed Shahabuddin, Rama Gaur","doi":"10.1002/pol.20220727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20220727","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this polymer-governing era, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has become one of the most demanding consumables. This growing interest in the production and consumption of plastic products results in an increase in the volume of post-consumer plastic waste. However, due to the growing concern for environmental protection, recycling PET waste to the valuable ones has become one of the hot topics in contemporary research. In this study, PET waste was depolymerized using ethanolamine as a depolymerizing agent. N,N′-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthaldiamide (BHETA) (yield 77%) was obtained after depolymerization of PET via ethanolamine. The characterization of the monomer BHETA was done using FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, and FE-SEM. The thermal stability of PET and BHETA was done using TGA analysis. To avoid the extreme reaction condition (high temperature and high pressure) of conventional way to form terephthalic acid (TPA) via hydrolysis of PET waste, in this study, a facile way is performed. The monomer BHETA was converted to a main building block of PET (TPA) (yield 67%) using strong oxidizing agent KMnO<sub>4</sub> in mild reaction conditions at room temperature and pressure. The synthesized TPA was characterized using FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR. This work also focuses on the anticipation of the reaction progress of aminolysis of PET using simple analytical tools namely, FTIR and TGA.</p>","PeriodicalId":199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry","volume":"61 12","pages":"1241-1251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.702,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5703017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 61, Issue 6","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/pol.20230102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20230102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image by Zi-Chen Li shows that polyethylene with bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) precisely located in the main chain are derived from [1.1.1]propellane. The melting points of these polymers increase with longer methylene chain length and more BCP units in a repeating unit. This work provides insights of utilizing BCP as a novel building block to regulate the structure and properties of polymers. (DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220635)\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry","volume":"61 6","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":2.702,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pol.20230102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5671599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. H. Vonk, S. C. A. van Adrichem, D. J. Wu, P. Y. W. Dankers, J. P. M. Hoefnagels
{"title":"Full-field hygroscopic characterization of tough 3D-printed supramolecular hydrogels","authors":"N. H. Vonk, S. C. A. van Adrichem, D. J. Wu, P. Y. W. Dankers, J. P. M. Hoefnagels","doi":"10.1002/pol.20220648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20220648","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chain-extended ureido-pyrimidinone poly(ethylene glycol) (CE-UPy-PEG) is a supramolecular hydrogel with excellent mechanical properties and shape memory capabilities, making it highly suitable for 3D printing of complex biomimetic structures to mimic biomaterials. However, its transient hygroexpansion response under environmental change, specifically relative humidity (RH), which is strongly affected by the supramolecular sub-structure, is poorly understood. Therefore, a high-precision full-field fiber-swelling methodology is applied to 3D-printed CE-UPy-PEG fibers, enabling investigation of the influence of PEG chain length (1.5, 3, and 10 kg/mol studied here) and RH rate from wet to dry on the longitudinal and transverse surface strain evolution during multiple RH cycles. The PEG length directly influences the fibers' hygroscopic properties, because only CE-UPy-PEG<sub>3k</sub> and CE-UPy-PEG<sub>10k</sub> exhibit a phase transformation from semicrystalline to amorphous at higher RH levels, which is fully described by a phenomenological phase transformation model. Furthermore, all fibers display cyclic repeatability (shape memory), increased swelling for longer PEG chains and lower RH rate, and disappearance of sub-millimeter-sized tube-like voids after wetting.</p>","PeriodicalId":199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry","volume":"61 12","pages":"1120-1131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.702,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pol.20220648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6058920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}