Pakistan Journal of Botany最新文献

{"title":"Antifungal activity of Trichoderma asperеllum and a profile of its volatile organic compounds","authors":"Olga Shemshura, Zhazira Shemsheyeva, Mereke Alimzhanova, Amankeldy Sadanov, Lozowicka Bozena, Kidirbayeva Khalima","doi":"10.30848/pjb2024-3(9)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30848/pjb2024-3(9)","url":null,"abstract":"Members of the genus Trichoderma have great biotechnological potential as the basis of biological products for crop production. These species have the ability to form conidia, which can remain viable for a long time under adverse environmental conditions; high growth rate; low inertia, which manifests itself in the rapid activation of spores and the \"explosive\" nature of growth on rich substrates; low demands on environmental conditions; attraction to acidic pH values and, accordingly, the ability to manifest its biological activity in acidic soils; the ability of hyperparasitism on phytopathogenic fungi, which together with the production of antibiotic substances provides effectively protection to crop plants. The present study describes the antigungal activity of Trichoderma asperellum and its volatile metabolites against Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata. Metabolites like 1-Octen-3-one; 1-Octen-3-o; o-Xylene; 3-heptanone; 6-methyl-; Nonanal; 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-were also isolated from broth cutlres of T. asperellum.","PeriodicalId":19962,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Botany","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterotic effects and inbreeding depression in F1 and F2 populations of wheat","authors":"Sana Saeed, Naqib Ullah Khan, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil, Sajid Ali, Khilwat Afridi","doi":"10.30848/pjb2024-3(15)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30848/pjb2024-3(15)","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat breeding has delivered huge benefits, especially over a century with increased productivity and stability in yield even after facing the inevitable stresses. The present study aimed to determine the genetic potential, heterotic effects, and inbreeding depression in F 1 and F 2 populations, respectively for earliness and yield traits in wheat. The crosses were made in 2017-18 through line by tester mating design with seven lines i.e., Seher-06, Pirsabak-85, Shahkar-13, Galaxy-13, Ghaznavi-98, TD-1, and Inqalab-91, and three testers i.e., Parula, Yr-5 and Yr-10, at the Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI), Nowshera, Pakistan. For getting wheat F 2 populations, the generation was also advanced during the summer season of 2018 at the Summer Agricultural Research Station (SARS), Kaghan, Pakistan. After advancing the generation, 21 F 1 and 21 F 2 wheat populations with their ten parental genotypes were grown during crop season 2018-2019 in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. Analysis of variance exhibited significant differences among the total genotypes, parental genotypes, lines, testers, crosses, and line by tester interactions for the majority of the traits in F 1 and F 2 generations. Results further revealed that the F 1 hybrid Galaxy-13 × Yr-10 showed the maximum grain yield per plant (55.08 g), followed by F 1 hybrids Shahkar-13 × Parula (45.66 g) and Shahkar-13 × Yr-5 (45.41 g). For grain yield per plant, significant positive mid-parent heterosis was recorded in 10 hybrids, ranging from 17.37% (Seher-06 × Parula) to 208.30% (Galaxy-13 × Yr-10). Significant better parent heterotic effects were recorded in F 1 hybrids i.e., Galaxy-13 × Yr-10 (127.35%), Ghaznavi-98 × Yr-10 (74.37%), Galaxy-13 × Parula (41.34%), TD-1 × Parula (37.42%), Galaxy-13 × Yr-5 (35.68%) for grain yield per plant. Significant economic heterosis was recorded among the eight hybrids for grain yield, ranging from 4.20% (Ghaznavi-98 × Yr-5) to 73.05% (Galaxy-13 × Yr-10). In the case of inbreeding depression, significant ( p ≤0.01) negative values were recorded in 12 F 2 populations ranging from -48.72% (Shahkar-13 × Parula) to -6.82% (TD-1 × Parula) grain yield per plant.","PeriodicalId":19962,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Botany","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different seed priming techniques on endogenous nutrient accumulation and grain vitamin contents in soft and hard wheat species","authors":"Saima Batool, Abdul Wahid","doi":"10.30848/pjb2024-3(11)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30848/pjb2024-3(11)","url":null,"abstract":"The Experiments were conducted to modulate the effect of different priming agents on endogenous nutrient accumulation and grain vitamin contents in two wheat species viz, Triticum aestivum (Soft) and Triticum durum (Hard). There were six priming treatments viz., water, Salicylic acid, Gibberellic acid, Ascorbic acid, Calcium chloride, Potassium nitrate along with unprimed control treatment. The experiments were conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with three factor factorial arrangements. LSD test were applied for the comparison on means of different parameters. The findings of present study suggested that different priming agents behaved differently in both wheat species. Some priming agents brought enhancement in mineral nutrients such as nitrate-N, phosphate-P, K, Ca, Mg and sulphate-S. contents while some priming agents caused decrease. However, vitamins such as ascorbic acid, riboflavin and niacin have been found to be increased following all priming treatments. All these changes might be due to the modified biochemical activities taking place within endosperm cells of hard and soft grains which differ greatly in structure and chemical composition.","PeriodicalId":19962,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Botany","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maize root architecture response to phosphorus availability in rooting medium","authors":"Aysha Kiran, Qumqum Noshad, Muhammad Ajaib, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad, Sana Pervez, Irfana Lalarukh, Muhammad Faheem Siddiqui, Abdul Wakeel","doi":"10.30848/pjb2024-3(22)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30848/pjb2024-3(22)","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) is precipitated with calcium (Ca) in calcareous soil very quickly, thus very immobile in the soil with restricted availability to plants for uptake by plant roots. Therefore, Pakistani soils are limiting maize growth due to P deficiency. Root architectural alteration can influence P accessibility and uptake by maize plants. Constitutive and P-deficiency-induced alterations in the root architecture of maize were investigated through a rhizobox study carried out in a net house during the maize growing season under natural climatic conditions. In the first treatment, P was deficient, whereas in the second treatment, the recommended amount of P fertilizer was applied to maize with four replications for precise results. Maize varieties named Faisalabad Maize, S-2002, Maize-2018, DTC-46, and EV-77 were sown in sand-filled rhizobox. Plants were harvested after seven days of germination, and plant shoots and roots were measured. Maize roots were scanned to digitalize the image to study root system architecture using Image-J software. Primary root length, number, and density of the lateral root of each seedling were measured at low and sufficient P. Primary root length decreased to a low level of P in the rooting medium. Root architectural variation in response to P availability differs among maize varieties because Maize-2018 and Faisalabad maize showed improved responses to P availability regarding root architectural traits. Interestingly, LRN showed a significant increase and correlation with the growth parameters of all cultivars under P-deficient conditions. Therefore, it is concluded that varieties with more lateral roots can tolerate P-deficient conditions in a better way, and such characteristics may be incorporated into future breeding programmes.","PeriodicalId":19962,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Botany","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136204827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth promoters modulate the antioxidant system to mitigate water stress in quinoa","authors":"Azra Yasmeen, Muhammad Imran","doi":"10.30848/pjb2024-3(17)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30848/pjb2024-3(17)","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19962,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Botany","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136204832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in agricultural and technologic characteristics of some basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) genotypes at different plant growth stages and harvest periods","authors":"Oya Kacar, Perihan Ceren Ozer, Yusuf Sari","doi":"10.30848/pjb2024-3(36)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30848/pjb2024-3(36)","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19962,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Botany","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial distribution variation of the Paris polyphylla in China under climate change scenario","authors":"Li Hong-Qun, Peng Xiao-Long, Jiang Peng, Sun Xie-Ping, Xing Ligang","doi":"10.30848/pjb2024-3(20)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30848/pjb2024-3(20)","url":null,"abstract":"Potential geospatial distribution of species supplies momentous information for species management, especially for some plants with high ecological and economic value. Paris polyphylla Smith is a medicinal plant with analgesic, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Herein, its potential geospatial distribution was calculated under climate change conditions based on 299 known coordinates and 8 environmental layers selected responsible for affecting species distribution. These performances are highly accurate in simulating its geospatial distribution regions, with the AUCs of greater than or near to 0.9 for model building and testing. The key factors were the mean temperature of the coldest quarter (bio11) >7.0 ℃ , the most suitable point is 15 ℃ , the annual mean temperature (bio01) >16.25 ℃ , the temperature seasonality (bio04) from 0 to 650 and the annual precipitation (bio12) >1400 mm. The suitable geographic distribution mostly is located in southwest China, south China, central China, east China and northwest China including increased suitable area, namely, Nyingchi in Tibet with a remarkable reduction to the period of 2050s or 2070s, indicating that the suitable area of the species has a continuous decreasing trend. However, between 2050s and 2070s, the suitable area of the specie is almost unchanged for same greenhouse gas emission scenarios. More importantly, four newly discovered distribution areas including western China (middle-south Shaanxi and southeast Gansu), central China (central and western Hunan), southwest China (Main urban area of Chongqing) and east China (eastern and western Zhejiang), were discriminated as lost suitable areas. Consequently, we should strictly monitor these four newly discovered-lost suitable areas in the future.","PeriodicalId":19962,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Botany","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136204828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ZnSO4 on growth, some key physiological processes and ionic homeostasis of different bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under salinity stress","authors":"Tasawar Ali, Javaid Akhtar, Muhammad Anwar-Ul-Haq, Muhammad Maqsood","doi":"10.30848/pjb2024-3(18)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30848/pjb2024-3(18)","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19962,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Botany","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136204831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of genetic diversity and relatedness among cultivated and wild mulberry cultivars/accessions using RAPD markers","authors":"Ghulam Ali Bajwa, Saad Hussain Shah, Uzair Hussain Shah, Muhammad Atif Majeed","doi":"10.30848/pjb2024-3(16)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30848/pjb2024-3(16)","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19962,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Botany","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of Cu, Zn, and Hg metals on wheat","authors":"Omar M. Atrooz, Bara’ah B. Alrwalah","doi":"10.30848/pjb2024-3(12)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30848/pjb2024-3(12)","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19962,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Botany","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}