American Journal of Epidemiology & Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Levels of Forward Head Posture among School Going Children","authors":"Hemendra Chandoliya, V. Chorsiya, D. Kaushik","doi":"10.37871/AJEPH.ID44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/AJEPH.ID44","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Exposure of overloaded bag packs and early usage of digital gadgets amongst school going children alters the cervical spine posture. The present research work intends to study the prevalence of forward head posture in school going children. The study also elucidates the ranges to consider for mild, moderate and severe forward head posture prevalence. Methods: A total of 100 school students (50 males and 50 females) were recruited for cross-sectional study. Assessment of forward head posture was done using plumb line. The students were made to stand at a point marked 25 cm distance away from the plumb line. The researcher, from the side view, using a meter scale, measured the distance between the tragus of the ear and plumb line and record it. The weight of the school bag was measured using the weighing machine and the time for which gadgets were used was recorded as per the subject/parents feedback. Results: The mean values for age, height, weight and BMI are 13.67 ± 0.55 years, 158.56 ± 7.71 cms, 46.47 ± 10.50 kgs and 18.40 ± 3.48 kg /m2 respectively. The mean values for gadgets time use, distance plumb line and weight bag are 130.50 ± 67.07 min, 1.96 ± 1.19 cm and 4.32 ± 1.70 kgs respectively. About ~27% children having mild or no FHP (less than or equal to 1 cm), ~37% children having moderate FHP (ranging between 1.01 cm to 2.49 cm) and ~36% children found to have severe FHP (more than or equal to 2.5 cm). Conclusion: The study showed that the FHP is developing at early stage in the school going children and it has the potential of altering cervical spine biomechanics. Early screening is much essential aspect to prevent FHP. The ergonomic based awareness programs should be organized to sensitize children about the right posture and to indulge them in physical activity.","PeriodicalId":199575,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Epidemiology & Public Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125875269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Study: Metal-Induced Immunotoxicity and Deaths of the 100 Vaccinees in the Republic of Korea for 2 Months of 2020 Flu Vaccination","authors":"M. Jeon, Jongsung Oh, K. Jang, Ki-Yeob Jeon","doi":"10.37871/AJEPH.ID43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/AJEPH.ID43","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: More than 100 persons died within 7 days of infl uenza vaccination by November 2020 (for two months of 2020 fl u vaccination) in the Republic of Korea (South Korea). The current study was conducted to allocate properly any possible causality by examining the presence of heavy metals in a vaccine and metal-induced immunotoxic lesions after fl u vaccinations in the experimental mice. It detected cadmium 0.12 ppb (parts per billion = μg/L) and mercury 1.77 ppb in one of the cost-free infl uenza vaccinees (Lot Number: A14720017) distributed by the Korean government. Lungs of the undiluted-vaccine-injected mice showed signifi cantly more diff use infl ammatory damages than lungs of the 1:4 dilutedvaccine-injected mice which showed no to mild infl ammatory changes (p < 0.027 by the method 1, and p < 0.001 by the method 2). Based on this study, it can be presumed that the metals-induced immunotoxicity of type IV hypersensitivity or of psuedoallergy would have caused death in some of persons who coincidentally died within 7 days of vaccinations. Background : A 17-year-old man died within three days of infl uenza vaccination (Lot Number: A14720007), a 77-year-old woman died within a day (Lot Number: A14720016), and more than 100 persons died within 7 days of infl uenza vaccination by November 2020 (for two months of 2020 fl u vaccination) in the Republic of Korea (South Korea). Singapore authorities halted two of the seven brands of fl u vaccinees even though there was no report of death after fl u vaccinations in Singapore. This raises a possibility that there can be a diff erence between the excipients of the fl u vaccinees used in Singapore and in Korea. Our assumptions were that there would have been immunotoxic metals in the fl u vaccinees, the metals would have induced type IV hypersensitivity or Complement Activation-Related Psuedoallergy (CARPA), and would have caused some deaths of 100 persons who incidentally died within 7 days after fl u vaccinations. Methods: In this study, we analyzed twice for the presence of any metal components of aluminum, indium, cadmium, gallium, and mercury in the infl uenza vaccine. Analysis of the metal contents of the 1:29 diluted fl u vaccine was assessed by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Simultaneously, total 10 BALB/c mice were used to analyze any pathological changes after 7 days of fl u vaccination. Animals were divided into two groups: one group of 5 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of 1:4 diluted fl u vaccine with injectable distilled water; and the other group of 5 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of undiluted fl u vaccine. They were freely reared for 7 days in a Polycarbonate cage (400 x 255 x 180 mm). The mice were sacrifi ced after CO2 short-acting gas anesthesia. Brains, hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys were harvested, prepared with H & E stain, and observed for any histopathological changes. Findings : In one of the cost-free ","PeriodicalId":199575,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Epidemiology & Public Health","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134285000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Clinical-Epidemiological Profile of Patients with COVID-19 in Reference Hospital of Peru","authors":"Gamarra Manrique Renzo Reynaldo","doi":"10.37871/ajeph.id35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/ajeph.id35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":199575,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Epidemiology & Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130747334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of Not-Using Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for COVID-19 Patients","authors":"Ki-Yeob Jeon","doi":"10.37871/ajeph.id31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/ajeph.id31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":199575,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Epidemiology & Public Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127763518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Little Risk of the COVID-19 Resurgence Caused by School Reopening in China (outside Hubei): A Statistical Probability Study","authors":"Cheng Long, T. Zeng, Xinmiao Fu","doi":"10.37871/ajeph.id27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/ajeph.id27","url":null,"abstract":"School reopening has not yet completely started in China where the COVID-19 outbreak has reached the ending stage, largely due to a great concern about COVID-19 infections on students. Here we explored a step-by-step procedure to quantitatively evaluate the risk of COVID-19 infections on students from infected teachers during school reopening. Results show that the probability of COVID-19 resurgence within one week on students of primary, middle, and high schools in China (outside Hubei) is extremely low (<0.2%) in typical provinces/cities that were most affected by COVID-19 epidemics in China. In some areas without newly con fi rmed cases in the past 14 days, the risk is zero. Such a probability can be updated daily and weekly based on the newly con fi rmed cases in the past 14 days. Our work provides guidance for local governments to make risk level-based policies for school reopening.","PeriodicalId":199575,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Epidemiology & Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123120032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting COVID-19 cases and deaths in epidemic-mitigating European countries by Richards function-based regression analyses","authors":"Xinmiao Fu","doi":"10.1101/2020.05.18.20106146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.18.20106146","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has hit many countries, and in some European countries it has been mitigated since April. Here we applied Richards function to simulate and forecast the course of COVID-19 epidemics in Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Turkey, Belgium, Ireland, Netherlands, Portugal and Switzerland. Potential total COVID-19 confirmed cases in these countries were estimated to be 240400±1300, 294100±4000, 178500±800, 176900±700, 155400±1000, 57900±400, 24000±200, 46200±300, 30000±300 and 30700±100 respectively. Most of these countries are predicted to approach ending stage between late May and early June such that daily new cases will become minimal, which may guide societal and economic restorations. In addition, total COVID-19 deaths were estimated to be 33500±300, 28200±200, 27800±200, 8740±80, 4500±30, 9250±70, 1530±20, 6240±50, 1380±10 and 1960±8, respectively. To our best knowledge, this is the first study forecasting the COVID-19 epidemic by applying the Richard function-based regression analysis.","PeriodicalId":199575,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Epidemiology & Public Health","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134366954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}