Pediatric Oncall最新文献

{"title":"Immunisation status of children up to 15 years of age","authors":"Harshal Dhabe, K. Gandhi, Monali T Bhorge","doi":"10.7199/PED.ONCALL.2022.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7199/PED.ONCALL.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the immunisation status of children up to 15 years of age and factors associated with incomplete immunisation. Materials and Methods: Three hundred seventy-seven children in the age group 1 month to 15 years, attending regular outpatient department (OPD) were screened for their immunization status by direct questionnaire method and checking the immunization medical records. Children were divided based on their age in to 3 groups viz. <1yr, 1 to 5yr, >5yr. Information regarding their residence, education status of their parents, community, various vaccines, and whether immunization status was complete, or incomplete was recorded. Results: The mean age of children ranged from 3.68 +3.47 years. Twentythree percent of the infants were incompletely immunised (p=0.006). Twenty seven percent of Muslims and 28% of Buddhists were incompletely immunised (P=0.003). Illiteracy in father and mother is associated with incomplete immunisation by 34.38% (P=0.0004) and 31.15% (P<0.001), respectively. Main reason for incomplete immunisation was non-availability of vaccine, as seen in 57.7% of cases. Other reasons include immunisation facility not available locally (32.7%), parents refusing immunisation for their children (30.8%), child unwell (5.8%), parent out of town (3.8%). We did not find any gender bias in our study. Also, in our study, no vaccine in universal immunization programme (UIP) had lower coverage as compared to other vaccines. Conclusion: Immunization status in children in India needs to be improved. Religious beliefs, literacy rates in parents seem to affect the immunization completion in the child. Introduction Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.1 According to World Health Organization (WHO), immunization is a proven tool for controlling and eliminating lifethreatening infectious diseases and is estimated to avert between 2 and 3 million deaths each year, but an estimated 18.7 million infants worldwide are still missing out on basic vaccines.1 Every year in India, 500,000 children die due to vaccine-preventable diseases and another 89,00,000 children remain at risk, because they are either unimmunized or partially immunized against vaccine-preventable diseases.2 India has one of the largest Universal Immunization Programs (UIP) in the world in terms of the quantities of vaccines used, number of beneficiaries covered, geographical spread and human resources involved. Despite being operational for over 30 years, UIP has been able to fully immunize only 65% children in the first year of their life and the increase in coverage has stagnated.2 To achieve full immunization coverage for all children, the Government of India launched Mission Indra Dhanush in December 2014. The goal of this program is to ensure full immun","PeriodicalId":19949,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Oncall","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90668900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of Bone Tuberculosis in Children in Rural India - A case series","authors":"A. Rahangdale","doi":"10.7199/PED.ONCALL.2022.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7199/PED.ONCALL.2022.21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19949,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Oncall","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83683805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overdiagnosis of Tuberculosis and Role of Tuberculin Test","authors":"Pradnya Paikrao, Shefal S. Parikh, I. Shah","doi":"10.7199/PED.ONCALL.2022.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7199/PED.ONCALL.2022.35","url":null,"abstract":"This is a retrospective analysis of children who were referred to our tuberculosis (TB) clinic from March 2010 to Feb 2011 but were not started on ATT and none of them subsequently developed TB. Interpretation of tuberculin test as a means of diagnosis was analysed. Results: Thirty-four (11.2%) children were overly diagnosed as TB. Seventeen out of 28 referred children were tuberculin positive and 8 were tuberculin negative. Also, 12 of tuberculin positive children had a reading of ≥15mm, yet none of them developed active disease. Although 2 TU is the recommended standard dose for tuberculin testing in India, in our study no child had received 2 TU, 23.5% of tuberculin positive patients had received a 5 TU dose and 35.3% a 10 TU dose. Conclusion: Most children with over-diagnosis of TB receive TT with more than 2TU units. The size of tuberculin reaction needs to be interpreted carefully. Introduction A major challenge of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is establishing an accurate diagnosis. Less than 15% of cases are sputum acid-fast bacilli smear positive, and mycobacterial culture yields are 30%–40%.1 Diagnosis of most paediatric TB cases is dependent on the tetrad of 1) careful history (including history of TB contact and symptoms consistent with TB. 2) Clinical examination (including growth assessment). 3) Tuberculin Skin Testing with Tuberculin test (TT) 4) Lesions suggestive of active TB on chest radiography. However, in developing and endemic countries, most individuals acquire latent infection and become tuberculin positive in childhood itself and chest radiography can be difficult to assess. With difficulty of conclusive diagnosis, it can lead to overdiagnosis of TB. This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the overdiagnosis of TB, and to discuss the role of TT for treatment of TB, with emphasis on the prevalent practices of administration and interpretation of TT. Methods & Materials A retrospective study was carried out in the paediatric department of a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. During the study period of March 2010 to Feb 2011, all patients who were diagnosed as TB and were referred from other centres to our TB clinic for starting Anti tuberculous therapy (ATT) were assessed. These children were diagnosed as TB based on either a positive tuberculin test; or symptoms suggestive of TB; or history of contact with a patient suffering from TB; or ultrasound (USG) abdomen showing abdominal lymph nodes; or palpable cervical lymph nodes. Children were assessed by detailed history, through physical examination and diagnostic investigations. In the historydetails on the presence of TB contact, previous TB infection, BCG vaccination status and symptoms of illness in the form of cough, fever, weight loss and loss of appetite were enquired. Investigation reports of child having undergone past tuberculin testing, the results of recent (within previous one month) tuberculin test done in other centres and findings of abdominal USG for ly","PeriodicalId":19949,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Oncall","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77672276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Cytomegalovirus a Partaker or a By-stander in Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome? : A novel mutation update.","authors":"G. Jose, Shraddha Lohia, Anilkumar M. Khamkar, P. Pote","doi":"10.7199/ped.oncall.2022.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7199/ped.oncall.2022.46","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a rare and serious disease of infants, which is due to a genetic and or an infectious cause. First case is an 11-week old baby, a completely worked-up case which includes the tetrad of clinical manifestations (neurological, gastro-intestinal and renal), virological findings (positive CMV antibody and DNA PCR), histo-pathological findings and novel genetic mutation (c.712+1G>C) in NPHS 1 gene. On the contrary, the second case is an 8-week old baby with isolated renal involvement of CMV infection. CMV IgM was positive but CMV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was negative. Parents were unwilling to do a genetic work up. In the first case partial remission of renal symptoms were achieved with Ganciclovir in four weeks, but she succumbed due to sepsis after being followed up for 730 days. The pediatrician of the second child skipped Ganciclovir and gave four weeks steroid trial. Due to absence of remission, renal biopsy was done and Tacrolimus was started. No recurrence of proteinuria was observed during the 14-month follow-up period. The need of anti-CMV therapy in isolated renal involvement of congenital CMV infection is questionable as the insult to the kidney has already occurred. It also highlights the dilemma perceived by a pediatrician, in starting anti-CMV therapy when CMV IgM antibodies are positive but CMV DNA PCR result is negative. This paper emphasizes the importance of performing a genetic test in every case of CNS to rule out any hereditary causes. Background Nephrotic syndrome presenting within first three months of life is defined as congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS). It can be caused by genetic defects in structural proteins that form the glomerular filtration barrier or secondary to infections like congenital syphilis, toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) which disrupt the podocytes and/or the basement membrane.1 Till 2020, only four completely worked up CMV IgM positive CNS cases were reported globally signifying the low incidence of detection.2 We present the case of two infants with congenital CMV infection and nephrotic syndrome, one of whom one received anti-CMV therapy while the other did not, and both of them experienced proteinuria remission.","PeriodicalId":19949,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Oncall","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86023979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperplastic duodenal and jejunal polyps in a child with portal cavernoma","authors":"A. Dashputra, I. Shah","doi":"10.7199/PED.ONCALL.2022.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7199/PED.ONCALL.2022.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19949,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Oncall","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85299506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretation of Tuberculin Skin test in BCG vaccinated children","authors":"V. Raut, I. Shah","doi":"10.7199/PED.ONCALL.2022.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7199/PED.ONCALL.2022.22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19949,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Oncall","volume":"107 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77570043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Proteinuria Degree and Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio for the Early Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Children","authors":"Muhammad Adityansah, R. Ghrahani, Gartika Sapartini, B. Setiabudiawan","doi":"10.7199/ped.oncall.2022.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7199/ped.oncall.2022.40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19949,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Oncall","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80429191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unilateral breast mass in a newborn","authors":"S. Pimenta","doi":"10.7199/ped.oncall.2022.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7199/ped.oncall.2022.25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19949,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Oncall","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83966465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amniotic band syndrome: A case report and review of literature","authors":"K. Kumaravel, R. Sujetha, T. Palanivelraja, S. Gobinathan, P. Sampathkumar","doi":"10.7199/ped.oncall.2022.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7199/ped.oncall.2022.49","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19949,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Oncall","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87334942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caroli's disease in infancy - A report of 2 cases","authors":"Nupur Sanklecha, A. Doshi, I. Shah","doi":"10.7199/PED.ONCALL.2022.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7199/PED.ONCALL.2022.50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19949,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Oncall","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81586731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}