Pharmacology & toxicology最新文献_第2页

Impairment of the Ca2+-permeable AMPA/kainate receptors by lead exposure in organotypic rat hippocampal slice cultures. 在器官型大鼠海马切片培养中铅暴露对Ca2+渗透性AMPA/kainate受体的损害。

Pharmacology & toxicology Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-75.x

L Sui, D Y Ruan

{"title":"Impairment of the Ca2+-permeable AMPA/kainate receptors by lead exposure in organotypic rat hippocampal slice cultures.","authors":"L Sui, D Y Ruan","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-75.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-75.x","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic lead exposure may impair neuronal process underlying synaptic plasticity via a direct interaction with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of lead exposure on non-NMDA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid, AMPA/kainate) receptors of rat hippocampus. Ca2+-permeable AMPA/kainate receptors in organotypic slice cultures were evaluated by using cobalt uptake, a histochemical method that identifies cells expressing Ca2+-permeable non-NMDA receptors. Ten mM L-glutamate-induced cobalt accumulation was enriched in area CA1, area CA3 and in dentate gyrus, which was totally blocked by 100 microM DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5) and 100 microM 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3-dione (CNQX). Three hundred microM NMDA-induced cobalt accumulation was in area CA1, area dentate gyrus and was blocked by AP5 or CNQX. One hundred microM AMPA had effects in area CA1, area CA3 and in dentate gyrus, which were blocked by CNQX, not by AP5. Furthermore, cobalt accumulations induced by NMDA and AMPA in the lead-exposed rats decreased significantly than those in the controls. The results indicate that AMPA receptors enriched in area CA1, area CA3, area dentate gyrus and kainate receptors enriched in area CA1, area dentate gyrus are impaired by lead exposure.","PeriodicalId":19876,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & toxicology","volume":"87 5","pages":"204-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21952926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Effects of sulfhydryl reagents on nitric oxide release from a nitric oxide donor NOR 3 in the presence of rat hepatocytes. 巯基试剂对大鼠肝细胞存在下一氧化氮供体no3释放一氧化氮的影响。

Pharmacology & toxicology Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-82.x

H Nomura, M Tazawa, R Kuroda, H Shiraishi, C Sumi-Ichinose, S Matsui, M Ohtsuki, Y Hagino, T Nomura

引用次数: 0

Avoidance responding following amphetamine-induced dopamine depletion. 安非他明引起的多巴胺耗竭后的回避反应。

Pharmacology & toxicology Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-76.x

A K Halladay, T Coyne, J Sharifi, J Seto, G C Wagner

{"title":"Avoidance responding following amphetamine-induced dopamine depletion.","authors":"A K Halladay, T Coyne, J Sharifi, J Seto, G C Wagner","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-76.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-76.x","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of an amphetamine-induced depletion of striatal dopamine on active and passive avoidance responding of rats was examined. Sixteen animals received two sets of 4 injections each of 15 mg/kg d-amphetamine, administered at 2 hr intervals with each set delivered one week apart. One week after the last injection, animals were given 50 consecutive active avoidance trials in a shuttle box. Animals treated with amphetamine exhibited a 50%, depletion of striatal dopamine and showed a slower learning curve, as evidenced by significantly fewer avoidances and a slower escape latency during trials 21-30. Both groups demonstrated a 90% avoidance rate by trials 41-50. A separate group of rats was treated as above and trained for several weeks on the active avoidance procedure. Haloperidol (0.01-0.10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) dose-dependently decreased avoidance number and increased avoidance and escape latency in both groups, an effect that was exaggerated in those animals previously treated with amphetamine. Finally, these animals were tested in the same apparatus using a passive avoidance procedure. The amphetamine treatment produced a significantly higher mean number of avoidances in this procedure compared to saline-treated animals during trials 1-20. These results suggest that the impairment in conditioned avoidance following amphetamine treatment is due to a motoric, rather than a cognitive deficit.","PeriodicalId":19876,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & toxicology","volume":"87 5","pages":"211-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21952927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway and interaction with lead acetate on rat submandibular gland function. l -精氨酸/一氧化氮途径及其与醋酸铅的相互作用对大鼠颌下腺功能的影响。

Pharmacology & toxicology Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-74.x

M Abdollahi, A Dehpour, F Shafayee

{"title":"L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway and interaction with lead acetate on rat submandibular gland function.","authors":"M Abdollahi, A Dehpour, F Shafayee","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-74.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-74.x","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of lead acetate, L-arginine (nitric oxide precursor) and L-NAME (nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor) on rat submandibular secretory function were studied. Pure submandibular saliva was collected intraorally from anaesthetized rats by a micro polyethylene cannula using pilocarpine as secretagogue. Treatment for twenty-eight days with three doses of lead acetate (0.01%, 0.04%, 0.05% w/v) in drinking water caused significant alterations on salivary function. Salivary flow rate was decreased by lead at all doses used. The total protein concentration and amylase activity of saliva were both decreased by lead (0.04% and 0.05%). All doses of lead decreased saliva calcium concentrations. Two weeks' treatment of rats by L-arginine (2.25% w/v) and L-NAME (0.7% w/v) in drinking water also affected the saliva secretory function. L-Arginine caused increase in submandibular gland weight. The saliva flow rate was reduced by L-NAME. The total protein concentration of saliva was increased by L-arginine and decreased by L-NAME. Amylase activity was reduced by L-arginine treatment. Calcium concentration was reduced by L-arginine and increased by L-NAME. Concurrent L-arginine treatment with lead acetate recovered lead-induced reduction of flow rate but L-NAME potentiated it. Concurrent therapy of lead and L-NAME resulted in greater reduction of protein concentration when compared to that of lead. L-Arginine showed a preventive effect on lead-induced decrease of protein concentration. Both L-arginine and L-NAME prevented lead-induced reduction in calcium concentration. It is concluded that nitric oxide plays a role in salivary gland function. Also lead acetate inhibitory effect on submandibular function is somewhat diminished by L-arginine and partially increased by L-NAME. It seems that lead acetate interacts with nitric oxide modulatory role in salivary gland.","PeriodicalId":19876,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & toxicology","volume":"87 5","pages":"198-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21952925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Pharmacokinetics of chlorambucil in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: comparison of different days, cycles and doses. 氯霉素在慢性淋巴细胞白血病患者中的药代动力学:不同用药天数、周期和剂量的比较。

Pharmacology & toxicology Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-78.x

R Silvennoinen, K Malminiemi, O Malminiemi, E Seppälä, J Vilpo

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of chlorambucil in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: comparison of different days, cycles and doses.","authors":"R Silvennoinen, K Malminiemi, O Malminiemi, E Seppälä, J Vilpo","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-78.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-78.x","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of repeated treatment cycles and different doses on intraindividual variation in oral bioavailability of chlorambucil and its first, active, and more toxic metabolite, phenylacetic acid mustard, were studied. Chlorambucil and phenylacetic acid mustard concentrations were measured with HPLC on Day 1 and on Day 4 in 15 timed blood samples from 11 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients receiving chlorambucil therapy cycles. Bioavailability was evaluated also after the first chlorambucil doses of six consecutive treatment cycles repeated every 4 weeks with increasing chlorambucil doses starting with 0.8 mg/kg/4 days, and increased by 0.1 mg/kg/4 days cycle. Area under the concentration-time-curve (AUC) from t=0 to infinite was in average 3.2 hr* microg/ml for the first cycle, and decreased by 17% in four days (P<0.05). The mean distribution half-life of chlorambucil was 0.49 hr and the terminal elimination half-life 2.45 hr. The bioavailability of chlorambucil decreased further when 4-day treatment cycles were repeated. For the fifth cycle, dose-corrected AUC for the first 2 hr was 33% smaller than that for the first cycle (P for trend <0.01). Data suggest accelerated metabolism and elimination of chlorambucil and phenylacetic acid mustard, but reduced oral bioavailability of chlorambucil cannot be excluded. However, except for AUC, none of the pharmacokinetic parameters of chlorambucil changed significantly during the first 4-day treatment period. The maximal plasma concentration and AUC of phenylacetic acid mustard did not change significantly during repeated treatment cycles. According to this trial a dose adjustment of chlorambucil is not necessary during a short-term course, but may be necessary when treatment cycles are repeated. An average increase in the chlorambucil dose of 10% per cycle maintains similar plasma concentration of chlorambucil.","PeriodicalId":19876,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & toxicology","volume":"87 5","pages":"223-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21952929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Blood concentration and toxicity of the antimetastasis agent NAMI-A following repeated intravenous treatment in mice. 小鼠反复静脉注射后抗转移剂NAMI-A的血药浓度和毒性。

Pharmacology & toxicology Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-73.x

M Cocchietto, G Sava

{"title":"Blood concentration and toxicity of the antimetastasis agent NAMI-A following repeated intravenous treatment in mice.","authors":"M Cocchietto, G Sava","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-73.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-73.x","url":null,"abstract":"NAMI-A is a new generation antitumour ruthenium-based agent and characterised by strong efficacy against lung metastases of experimental solid tumours in mice. The effects of intravenous administration of 15, 35 and 50 mg/kg/day of NAMI-A for 5 consecutive days on blood concentration and host toxicity were tested on Swiss CD1 male and female mice. The blood concentration of NAMI-A, both after the first injection and at the end of the 5-day treatment fell rapidly and 5 min. after the last injection it was always below 10% of the administered dose. Kinetic parameters, calculated at the end of the 5-day treatment cycle according to a mono-compartment model (fitting with R2=0.9), indicate a t 1/2 of about 18 hr. Toxicity i) was observed only at the highest dose used (50 mg/kg/day), ii) was greater in females than in males, iii) in mice which survived treatment was completely reversed within 3-weeks of the end of the treatment. Haematological examinations, clinical chemistry data and histopathologic studies were consistent in terms of the effect on host lymphoid tissues, consisting in spleen and lymph node depletion and in a general increase of circulating leukocytes. Data on ruthenium organ retention confirm lack of brain penetration and a relatively high lung concentration which might account for the remarkable effect on lung metastases.","PeriodicalId":19876,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & toxicology","volume":"87 5","pages":"193-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21952924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 70

Aloe-Emodin quinone pretreatment reduces acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. 芦荟-大黄素醌预处理可降低四氯化碳致急性肝损伤。

Pharmacology & toxicology Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-79.x

B Arosio, N Gagliano, L M Fusaro, L Parmeggiani, J Tagliabue, P Galetti, D De Castri, C Moscheni, G Annoni

{"title":"Aloe-Emodin quinone pretreatment reduces acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride.","authors":"B Arosio, N Gagliano, L M Fusaro, L Parmeggiani, J Tagliabue, P Galetti, D De Castri, C Moscheni, G Annoni","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-79.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-79.x","url":null,"abstract":"Aloe contains several active compounds including aloin, a C-glycoside that can be hydrolyzed in the gut to form aloe-emodin anthrone which, in turn, is auto-oxidized to the quinone aloe-emodin. On the basis of the claimed hepatoprotective activity of some antraquinones, we studied aloe-emodin in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication, since this xenobiotic induces acute liver damage by lipid peroxidation subsequent to free radical production. Twelve rats were treated with CCl4 (3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and six were protected with two intraperitoneally injections of aloe-emodin (50 mg/kg; CCl4+aloe-emodin); six other rats were only aloe-emodin injected (aloe-emodin) and six were untreated (control). Histological examination of the livers showed less marked lesions in the CCl4+aloe-emodin rats than in those treated with CCl4 alone, and this was confirmed by the serum levels of L-aspartate-2-oxoglutate-aminotransferase (394+/-38.6 UI/l in CCl4, 280+/-24.47 UI/l in CCl4+aloe-emodin rats; P<0.05). We also quantified changes in hepatic albumin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha mRNAs. Albumin mRNA expression was significantly lower only in the liver of CCl4 rats (P<0.05 versus control) and was only slightly reduced in the CCl4+aloe-emodin rats. In contrast tumour necrosis factor-alpha mRNA was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the CCl4 than the control rats and almost equal in the CCl4+aloe-emodin, aloe-emodin and control groups. In conclusion, aloe-emodin appears to have some protective effect not only against hepatocyte death but also on the inflammatory response subsequent to lipid peroxidation.","PeriodicalId":19876,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & toxicology","volume":"87 5","pages":"229-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21952930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 140

The endothelin ET(B) receptor agonist [125I]BQ-3020 binds predominantly to nerves in the bovine retractor penis muscle and penile artery. 内皮素ET(B)受体激动剂[125I]BQ-3020主要与牛牵牵阴茎肌肉和阴茎动脉的神经结合。

Pharmacology & toxicology Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-80.x

U M Parkkisenniemi, A Palkama, I Virtanen, E Klinge

{"title":"The endothelin ET(B) receptor agonist [125I]BQ-3020 binds predominantly to nerves in the bovine retractor penis muscle and penile artery.","authors":"U M Parkkisenniemi, A Palkama, I Virtanen, E Klinge","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-80.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-80.x","url":null,"abstract":"Preliminary pharmacological experiments have suggested that in the bovine retractor penis muscle there are relaxation-mediating endothelin ET(B) receptors, at least part of which are located on the inhibitory nitrergic nerves. The present work was undertaken to test this hypothesis by means of receptor autoradiography and additional pharmacological experiments. In the retractor penis muscle and the penile artery, specific binding of the ETB receptor-selective agonist [125I]BQ-3020 took place predominantly to nerve trunks and minor nerve branches. The situation was the same in the dorsal metatarsal artery, that was included as a reference because of its different innervation. Throughout the nerves the silver grains were evenly distributed over the nuclei of Schwann cells and the spaces between them. In the retractor penis there was also a small amount of specific binding to smooth muscle. No specific endothelial binding was observed in any of the tissues examined. The pharmacological studies confirmed that the relaxation of the retractor penis muscle induced by the ET(B) receptor-selective agonist, sarafotoxin S6c, is susceptible to tetrodotoxin as well as to inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. The relaxation was also characterized by inconsistency, weakness and tachyphylaxis. The electrical field stimulation-induced submaximal relaxation of the retractor penis was unaffected by stimulation or blockade of ET(B) receptors. The autoradiography suggests that in all the three bovine tissues studied there are ET(B) receptors located on nerves independently of the type of efferent nerve. The pharmacological experiments do not support the concept that in the bovine retractor penis muscle neuronal ET(B) receptors exert important immediate effects on the functioning of the penile erection-mediating nitrergic nerves.","PeriodicalId":19876,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & toxicology","volume":"87 5","pages":"234-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21952123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MAO-B inhibition by a single dose of l-deprenyl or lazabemide does not prevent neuronal damage following focal cerebral ischaemia in rats. 通过单剂量l-去甲肾上腺素或拉扎贝胺抑制MAO-B并不能防止大鼠局灶性脑缺血后的神经元损伤。

Pharmacology & toxicology Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-81.x

J Jolkkonen, R Kauppinen, L Nyman, A Haapalinna, J Sivenius

引用次数: 6

Relaxant effects of Hydrastis canadensis L. and its major alkaloids on guinea pig isolated trachea. 加拿大水螅及其主要生物碱对豚鼠离体气管的松弛作用。

Pharmacology & toxicology Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-77.x

H Abdel-Haq, M F Cometa, M Palmery, M G Leone, B Silvestrini, L Saso

{"title":"Relaxant effects of Hydrastis canadensis L. and its major alkaloids on guinea pig isolated trachea.","authors":"H Abdel-Haq, M F Cometa, M Palmery, M G Leone, B Silvestrini, L Saso","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-77.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-77.x","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrastis or goldenseal, one of the most popular medicinal herbs in the U.S.A., is used in mild pathological conditions like cold and flu, based on the pharmacological properties of its active components, berberine (anticholinergic, antisecretory, and antimicrobial) and beta-hydrastine (astringent). We previously reported the relaxant effect of a total ethanolic extract of hydrastis on carbachol precontracted isolated guinea pig trachea, and with the present study, using the same experimental model, we aimed at evaluating the contribution of its major alkaloids, berberine, beta-hydrastine, canadine and canadaline to the total effect. Furthermore, using specific pharmacological tools, like timolol and xanthine amine congener, we attempted to elucidate its mechanism of action. The EC50 of berberine, beta-hydrastine, canadine and canadaline, were 34.2+/-0.6, 72.8+/-0.6, 11.9+/-1.2 and 2.4+/-0.8 microg/ml, respectively. Timolol effectively antagonized the effect of canadine (EC50 = 19.7+/-3.0 microg/ml) and canadaline (EC50 = 17.1+/-1.2 microg/ml) but not that of berberine and beta-hydrastine, while xanthine amine congener antagonized the effect of beta-hydrastine (EC50 = 149.9+/-35.3 microg/ml) and canadaline (EC50 = 26.1+/-3.0 microg/ml) but not that of berberine and canadine. Besides, the hydrastis extract, at concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1 microg/ml, potentiated the relaxant effect of isoprenaline on carbachol-precontracted isolated guinea pig trachea. These data, which are insufficient to draw definite mechanistic conclusions, indicate that the aforementioned alkaloids may act by interacting with adrenergic and adenosinic receptors.","PeriodicalId":19876,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & toxicology","volume":"87 5","pages":"218-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21952928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32