Mershon International Studies Review最新文献

Whither the Study of Governmental Politics in Foreign Policymaking 外交决策中的政府政治研究向何处去

Mershon International Studies Review Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/1521-9488.1131998113

E. Stern, B. Verbeek, David A. Welch, Jutta Weldes, Juliet Kaarbo, Deborah H. Gruenfeld, P. Hart, U. Rosenthal

引用次数: 21

The Perils of Presidentialism Reconsidered 重新考虑总统主义的危险

Mershon International Studies Review Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.2307/254438

S. Wrage

引用次数: 1

Modeling the Rise and Fall of States 模拟国家的兴衰

Mershon International Studies Review Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.2307/254437

D. Sylvan

{"title":"Modeling the Rise and Fall of States","authors":"D. Sylvan","doi":"10.2307/254437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/254437","url":null,"abstract":"For those unfamiliar with CAS simulation, Cederman presents a reasonable, if slightly overstated, summary of the fundamental trade-offs of CAS relative to more common rational choice models. \"Although CAS simulations sacrifice the deductive elegance of conventional rational-choice models,\" he argues, \"treating the actors as dependent rather than independent variables introduces new research questions that cannot easily be addressed or even conceived without such an approach\" (p. 7). CAS does offer the alternative that Cederman suggests, but it is not alone in that capability. An entire class of computational models offers much of the same promise (e.g., Hudson 1991). In Emergent Actors in World Politics, Cederman sets several important goals for himself. For example, he sets out to demonstrate that CAS can model historical contingency, and, indeed, counterfactual analysis is well within the capabilities of CAS simulation. Cederman also presents his work as an application of Herbert Simon's (1985) principle of satisficing (p. 87)-certainly an intellectual advance over most rational choice models. Yet, Cederman's operationalization is not necessarily faithful to Simon's concept. In Figure 4.7, which explicates the decision phase of his model, Cederman randomizes the choice of agent, province, and target after establishing a priority criterion, such as \"weakest sovereign neighbor.\" While randomization is consistent with satisficing behavior incorporating simple cognitive heuristics into the choice by, for instance, choosing \"familiar\" agents, it is more consistent with Simon's (1985) concept of \"bounded rationality\" than his concept of satisficing. Emergent Actors should be commended for addressing some of the most fundamental problems of world politics. Cederman begins the volume by offering an overview of schools of thought in the study of international relations. He then tackles such difficult issues as emergent polarity and a number of aspects of nationalism. Cederman contributes to the academic dialogue on all these subjects, sometimes in important and insightful ways. The book's contributions are not, however, sufficiently overwhelming to warrant some of Cederman's conclusions. The probabilistic nature of Cederman's work and the lack of what is traditionally considered \"data\" are two critical aspects of Emergent Actors. Cederman","PeriodicalId":198544,"journal":{"name":"Mershon International Studies Review","volume":"397 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132248912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Fiddling with Concepts while the World Burned 在世界燃烧的时候摆弄概念

Mershon International Studies Review Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.2307/254423

D. Puchala

引用次数: 2

National Revivals and Their Consequences 国家复兴及其后果

Mershon International Studies Review Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.2307/254436

W. Clemens

引用次数: 0

Images, Mistrust, and Missed Opportunities 形象、不信任和错失的机会

Mershon International Studies Review Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.2307/254429

Keith L. Shimko

{"title":"Images, Mistrust, and Missed Opportunities","authors":"Keith L. Shimko","doi":"10.2307/254429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/254429","url":null,"abstract":"Those familiar with Deborah Larson's previous work (Larson 1985) will not be surprised to learn that her most recent book, Anatomy of Mistrust, is theoretically ambitious, substantively interesting, and meticulously researched. In a narrow sense the book draws on political psychology to help us understand foreign policy decision making, but seen more broadly it also speaks to the larger and more central issues of international conflict and cooperation. The most fundamental question posed is one of the most basic and recurring issues in the history of social analysis: why do actors often make decisions and behave in ways that prevent the achievement of mutually desirable outcomes? It is a question as old and familiar as Rousseau's \"stag hunt.\" Specifically, in Anatomy of Mistrust Larson examines why, at critical junctures during the Cold War, the United States and Soviet Union missed opportunities to resolve outstanding issues to the benefit of both sides. She concludes that ingrained images of the enemy often created levels of mistrust that proved difficult to overcome. Larson largely succeeds in making her case, but along the way her analysis raises as many questions as it answers. In looking at the history of U.S.-Soviet relations during the Cold War, Larson focuses on several \"missed opportunities\" in which the United States and the Soviet Union apparently failed to seize the chance to reach agreements on critical issues. Thus, the concept of \"missed opportunities\" provides the focus for much of her analysis. This being the case, Larson faces at least three basic tasks. First, she needs to offer a clear conceptualization of the notion of a \"missed opportunity\" so that we can tell when a missed opportunity did or did not occur. Second, she must demonstrate that the situations on which she focuses were in fact missed opportunities. Third, she must persuasively demonstrate that mistrust was a critical (although not necessarily the sole) reason for the failure to capitalize on these opportunities. At the outset of Anatomy of Mistrust, Larson offers a concise conceptualization of \"missed opportunities\": A missed opportunity for agreement is a situation in which there was at least one alternative that the parties to a conflict preferred or would have preferred to nonagreement. In other words, the two sides' preferences and interests were at some point compatible and overlapping. (p. 2, emphasis added) Although this definition seems straightforward, upon seeing how it is applied in Larson's analysis of the cases, we find considerable ambiguity. Most significant, Larson identifies certain cases as missed opportunities even though the actual policy preferences of U.S. and Soviet leaders did not overlap. Two of the situations that Larson identifies as missed opportunities illustrate this point: the inability to","PeriodicalId":198544,"journal":{"name":"Mershon International Studies Review","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132873454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Models of Foreign Policy Decisions: Rivals or Partners? 外交政策决策模式:对手还是伙伴?

Mershon International Studies Review Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.2307/254427

S. Walker

引用次数: 1

Complexity and Uncertainty in International Systems 国际体系的复杂性和不确定性

Mershon International Studies Review Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.2307/254419

P. T. Hopmann

引用次数: 2

Reflections on the Golden Age of Comparative Politics 对比较政治学黄金时代的反思

Mershon International Studies Review Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.2307/254421

Richard Gunther

{"title":"Reflections on the Golden Age of Comparative Politics","authors":"Richard Gunther","doi":"10.2307/254421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/254421","url":null,"abstract":"In putting together Comparative European Politics: The Story of a Profession, Hans Daalder attempted “to chronicle the intellectual (auto)biography of the study of comparative European politics since the end of World War II” (p. 1). The book succeeds admirably in achieving this modest goal. It is an enormously enlightening and sometimes fascinating series of self-reflections on the birth of an important subfield of political science by those who established it. The volume contains the intellectual autobiographies of twenty-three of the “founding fathers” of modern comparative politics, and biographies (written by important scholars in the field) of four others who are now deceased. The autobiographies include those of Gabriel Almond, Robert Dahl, S.N. Eisenstadt, Giovanni Sartori, Juan Linz, Jean Blondel, Richard Rose, Jack Hayward, Gordon Smith, Vincent Wright, Pierre Birnbaum, Guy Hermet, Gerhard Lembruch, Klaus von Beyme, Peter Gerlich, Hans Daalder, Arend Lijphart, Mogens Pedersen, Erik Allardt, Sidney Verba, Philippe Schmitter, Ted Gurr, and Harold Wilensky. The biographies explore the contributions of Carl Friedrich, S.E. Finer, Stein Rokkan, and Rudolf Wildenmann. Comparative European Politics goes well beyond the modest objective, however. It emerges as a study of the various factors that contributed to the development of what is arguably the golden age of comparative politics. The 1960s and early 1970s witnessed an unprecedented outpouring of great works, including the Princeton series on political development, Dahl’s Political Oppositions, books by Seymour Lipset and Rokkan, and The Civic Culture to name just a few. Little more than a decade earlier, the field of comparative politics in its modern sense did not even exist. Nonetheless, most of these new works were remarkably sophisticated—examples of first-rate social science that combined rich and creative theorizing with a solid grounding in contemporary empirical data and long-term historical analyses. Many of the concepts first articulated in these works (e.g., the freezing of social cleavages, the catch-all party, polarized pluralism, consociational democracy, and authoritarian versus totalitarian regimes) have had remarkable staying power. They still figure prominently in the vocabulary and research agendas of comparativists more than three decades later. The twenty-seven (auto)biographical essays in this volume provide numerous insights into the ingredients necessary to produce such a massive outpouring of influential works. Mershon International Studies Review (1998) 42, 322–324","PeriodicalId":198544,"journal":{"name":"Mershon International Studies Review","volume":"30 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128787702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Bureaucratic Politics: A Critical Constructivist Assessment 官僚政治:一个批判性的建构主义评价

Mershon International Studies Review Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.2307/254413

Jutta Weldes

引用次数: 65