Pharmacopsychiatria最新文献

Multimethodological approach in psychiatric predictor research. 精神病学预测研究的多方法方法。

Pharmacopsychiatria Pub Date : 1983-11-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1019494

B Woggon, U Baumann

引用次数: 10

Prediction of course and therapeutic response in psychiatric diseases. 精神疾病病程预测及治疗反应。

Pharmacopsychiatria Pub Date : 1983-11-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1019493

H Helmchen

{"title":"Prediction of course and therapeutic response in psychiatric diseases.","authors":"H Helmchen","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1019493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1019493","url":null,"abstract":"1. The targets: a) it is necessary to specify the areas and types of target variables because at least some of them seem to respond independently of each other and their relevance for the patient may vary considerably. Thus, e.g., psychopathological variables are more applicable to depressed patients, whereas interactional or social variables, or side-effects of therapy may be more relevant for some schizophrenic patients. b) Instruments and procedures of measurement should be adequate for relevant variables, e.g. self-rating or observers' rating; they further should be routinely applicable, e.g. visual analogue scales; and fmally they should give unequivocal data for reliable and valid defmitions of change or response. c) Criteria of change or responses, the latter understood as the effect of a defined intervention (Fig. 1), should be determined quantitatively and operationally, e.g. as a prefixed cut-off point of scalesscores, or as astated extent of the difference between Prognosis of the course and outcome of a disease poses one of the oldest problems in medicine. In ancient times it was the main component of medical art. But also nowadays it should be an important part of the physician's task because the indication of a treatment will or at least should be based on a prognosis of the treated course and outcome of the disease that is better than the untreated or \"spontaneous\" course and outcome would be. This is related to the fact that the efficacy of a therapy will be judged by comparison of the treated versus the spontaneous course and outcome.","PeriodicalId":19840,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatria","volume":"16 6","pages":"173-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1019493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17719266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

The prediction of acute response, remission and general outcome of neuroleptic treatment in acute schizophrenic patients. 急性精神分裂症患者抗精神病药物治疗的急性反应、缓解和一般预后的预测。

Pharmacopsychiatria Pub Date : 1983-11-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1019499

N Nedopil, R Pflieger, E Rüther

引用次数: 35

Prediction of "natural" course, relapse and prophylactic response in schizophrenic patients. 预测精神分裂症患者的“自然”病程、复发和预防反应。

Pharmacopsychiatria Pub Date : 1983-11-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1019500

A Pietzcker, W Gaebel

{"title":"Prediction of \"natural\" course, relapse and prophylactic response in schizophrenic patients.","authors":"A Pietzcker, W Gaebel","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1019500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1019500","url":null,"abstract":"Three problems in the prediction of the long-term outcome of schizophrenia are illustrated by the results of three separate studies: The limitations of the possibility of generalizing results, the limits being due to the given historical and sociocultural settings. This determines the results of research. The relationships between different types of predictors and targets. The disease-related specificity of predictors. A prospective 1-year follow-up study comparing 100 schizophrenic patients in a rural region with 200 schizophrenic patients in an urban region shows regional differences in outcome criteria, such as rate of hospitalization. The prognostic significance of the various predictors is also different in the two regions. A follow-up study of 70 schizophrenic patients, who were continuously treated with neuroleptic drugs in our outpatient clinic after hospital discharge for an average of 14 years, shows a relatively good outcome. Several outcome dimensions (rehospitalization rate, symptoms, social and work adjustment, self-ratings) are partly mutually independent. The various outcome dimensions are predicted by different predictor patterns. A prospective follow-up study of 86 schizophrenic patients compared with 75 patients with other psychiatric diagnoses confirms the finding of the partly low intercorrelations of the different outcome criteria. The study additionally shows that the predictors of some outcome dimensions, such as work adjustment, are non-specific in respect of diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":19840,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatria","volume":"16 6","pages":"206-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1019500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17208073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Clinical and biological parameters as predictors for antidepressant drug responses in depressed patients. 临床和生物学参数作为抑郁症患者抗抑郁药物反应的预测因子。

Pharmacopsychiatria Pub Date : 1983-11-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1019495

E Fähndrich

{"title":"Clinical and biological parameters as predictors for antidepressant drug responses in depressed patients.","authors":"E Fähndrich","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1019495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1019495","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical and biological variables were investigated for their predictive value with respect to an antidepressant drug treatment. Thirty patients received clomipramine and thirty patients maprotiline. Characteristic features of the biography, the family anamnesis and the previous course of illness (apart from intermittent course) have no predictive value. The psychopathological symptoms before the start of treatment are also not suitable for prediction (except vegetative syndrome). The activity of the enzymes MAO, COMT and DBH before the start of treatment have no predictive value. The serum level of maprotiline on the seventh day of treatment does not correlate with the outcome of treatment. It is possible that patients, who have relatives with suicidal tendencies, are more likely to be clomipramine non-responders; patients with relatives who have a psychiatric history but without suicidal tendencies, are more likely to be maprotiline responders; i.a., relatives of the first degree manifesting psychiatric problems speak against a response to clomipramine and indicate a response to maprotiline. Patients with diurnal variations before the start of treatment are possibly more likely to respond to maprotiline than to clomipramine. There are statistically established findings for only the following variables: Diurnal variations during treatment speak in favour of an antidepressant response. A positive SD reaction indicates clomipramine response. A serum level of more than 75 ng clomipramine and more than 30 ng desmethyl-clomipramine/ml serum on the 7th day of treatment clearly predict a response to clomipramine.","PeriodicalId":19840,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatria","volume":"16 6","pages":"179-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1019495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17719267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Prediction of response to stabilizing lithium treatment. 对稳定锂处理反应的预测。

Pharmacopsychiatria Pub Date : 1983-11-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1019498

P Grof, M Hux, E Grof, M Arato

{"title":"Prediction of response to stabilizing lithium treatment.","authors":"P Grof, M Hux, E Grof, M Arato","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1019498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1019498","url":null,"abstract":"As lithium has a wide range of biological effects, it is not surprising that the benefit from lithium treatment has been observed in several types of psychiatric disorders. Mood stabilization has been seen in episodic disorders; antiaggressive effect has been reported in mental retardation and other illnesses, and some endocrine and hematological effects have been utilized in internal medicine and neurology. To date, however, only the stabilizing effect on recurrent mood disorders appears to be reliably predictable. The prediction is based primarily on the diagnosis, quality of free interval and frequency of episodes; and several associated indicators can also be helpful. Results of the presented series of studies on the response to stabilizing lithium treatment suggest that such a response is predictable for most patients. The epitome of an excellent lithium responder is a patient with a good quality of remissions, a moderate frequency of recurrences, and a diagnosis of primary affective disorder. If the MMPI profile taken at the patient's optimum is abnormal, the chances of stabilization on lithium alone are greatly reduced. In addition, the responders more frequently have a family history of primary affective disorder and a positive M antigen. It appears that in the present practice the assessment of patients for stabilizing lithium treatment may frequently not be comprehensive enough. As a result, lithium is at present probably overprescribed in North America, and possibly elsewhere as well.","PeriodicalId":19840,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatria","volume":"16 6","pages":"195-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1019498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17719269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

Prediction of clinical course by dexamethasone suppression test (DST) response in depressed patients - physiological and clinical construct validity of the DST. 地塞米松抑制试验(DST)反应对抑郁症患者临床病程的预测——DST的生理和临床结构效度

Pharmacopsychiatria Pub Date : 1983-11-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1019496

F Holsboer

{"title":"Prediction of clinical course by dexamethasone suppression test (DST) response in depressed patients - physiological and clinical construct validity of the DST.","authors":"F Holsboer","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1019496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1019496","url":null,"abstract":"The present survey highlights the rationale for the use of state-dependent biological markers as predictors of clinical course in depression. Cortisol plasma levels after dexamethasone provide such a tool to monitor clinical progress. Since dexamethasone-resistant cortisol gradually returns to normalcy before a complete clinical remission is seen this measure has a possible predictive potential. Moreover, reversion to abnormal dexamethasone responses is prognostically infaust. Though the dexamethasone test has some merits, technical factors (e.g. exclusion criteria, dexamethasone-kinetics) which invalidate test results deserve careful consideration in future studies. Cortisol hypersecretion is considered as a physiological readout of a central disinhibition. This hypothesis is tested applying corticotropin-releasing factor and corticotropin in normal and abnormal DST responders. The data support the validity of the concept which assumes an intact but overactive pituitary-adrenal axis in a depressed subpopulation. A thesis is submitted which places the variety of biological disturbances in depression between two extreme viewpoints. One view considers all biological disturbances as sequelae to one particular dysfunction, e.g. disinhibition of corticosteroid secretion. The opposite view considers the myriad of biological disturbances as a sign of general loss of order, i.e. increased entropy, the precipitating mechanism of which is unknown.","PeriodicalId":19840,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatria","volume":"16 6","pages":"186-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1019496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17719268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 58

Psychobiological predictors of antidepressant drug response. 抗抑郁药物反应的心理生物学预测因子。

Pharmacopsychiatria Pub Date : 1983-11-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1019497

A J Rush, H P Roffwarg, D E Giles, M A Schlesser, C Fairchild, J Tarell

引用次数: 19

[Significance of caffeine values in serum, saliva and urine--determination of pharmacokinetic data by non-invasive methods in psychopharmacologic studies]. [血清、唾液和尿液中咖啡因值的意义——用非侵入性方法测定精神药理学研究中的药代动力学数据]。

Pharmacopsychiatria Pub Date : 1983-09-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1019492

H Walther, P Banditt, E Köhler

{"title":"[Significance of caffeine values in serum, saliva and urine--determination of pharmacokinetic data by non-invasive methods in psychopharmacologic studies].","authors":"H Walther, P Banditt, E Köhler","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1019492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1019492","url":null,"abstract":"For psychopharmacological studies with caffeine two reliable non-invasive methods are available in order to determine pharmacokinetic parameters simultaneously with psychometric tests, without any appreciable impairment of the experimental subject. The investigation were performed in 13 healthy volunteers. Caffeine was determined in serum, saliva and urine. The caffeine level in saliva was about 70% of that in serum, corresponding to the percentage freely dissolved in serum. A good correlation was found to exist between elimination half-lives for serum and saliva levels (r = 0.9702) as well as serum and urine values (r = 0.8784). The amount of caffeine excreted in urine in its unmetabolized form was 1.1 +/- 0.2% of the dose administered. Furthermore, the saliva level was seen to represent the serum level on a broad scale. Sixty minutes after oral uptake, saliva levels were falsified due to adsorption of caffeine to the buccal mucosa. The special pattern of the saliva level during the phases of absorption and distribution is discussed.","PeriodicalId":19840,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatria","volume":"16 5","pages":"166-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1019492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17712743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

An early phase II trial with L-deprenyl for the treatment of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. l -去戊烯醇治疗抗精神病药诱导的帕金森病的早期II期试验。

Pharmacopsychiatria Pub Date : 1983-09-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1019488

A Perényi, G Bagdy, M Arató

引用次数: 7