Pesticidi I Fitomedicina最新文献_第5页

Acute toxity and sublethal effects of pymetrozine on the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan 吡蚜酮对台湾白蝇的急性毒性及亚致死效应

Pesticidi I Fitomedicina Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/pif2002081d

Tanja Drobnjaković, D. Marčić

{"title":"Acute toxity and sublethal effects of pymetrozine on the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan","authors":"Tanja Drobnjaković, D. Marčić","doi":"10.2298/pif2002081d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2002081d","url":null,"abstract":"Sublethal effects of a pymetrozine-based product (commercial product Chess 50 WP) on life history traits and population growth of one commercialized strain (?Dutch? strain) and two local populations (Bujanovac and Negotin) of the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were evaluated in laboratory bioassays. All trials were carried out at 27?1?C temperature and under 60?10 % relative humidity and 16/8 h daylight/darkness photoperiod in four replications. Longevity of wasps exposed for 48 h to residues of the pymetrozine insecticide (LC50, 280 mg a.i./l) was shorter (by 2.7-3 days) than that of control wasps. Total parasitism of Negotin wasps was significantly reduced (by 8.2 %), as well as total parasitism and adult emergence of the Dutch strain (by 7.3 and 8.2 %, respectively), compared to control wasps. The instantaneous rate of increase (ri) of surviving adult wasps was also significantly reduced (by 6.6, 6.3 and 7.6 % in populations Negotin, Bujanovac and Dutch strain, respectively). Direct treatment of wasps at their pupal stage (LC50, 300 mg a.i./l) reduced total parasitism of Negotin wasps (by 8 %), and reduced ri levels, but the reduction was significant only for the Bujanovac (by 6.7 %) and Negotin (by 4.6 %) populations. Juvenile development of the parasitoid in treated pupae was significantly extended (by 0.3-1.1 days), compared to control wasps. The implications of these results on integrated control of the greenhouse whitefly are discussed.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68626230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

New records and updates on alien Auchenorrhyncha species in Serbia 文章题目塞尔维亚外来木犀草的新记录和最新进展

Pesticidi I Fitomedicina Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/pif2001009s

Marko Šćiban, A. Kosovac

{"title":"New records and updates on alien Auchenorrhyncha species in Serbia","authors":"Marko Šćiban, A. Kosovac","doi":"10.2298/pif2001009s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2001009s","url":null,"abstract":"During a 2019 survey of the Auchenorrhyncha fauna in Serbia, three alien species were recorded for the first time: a leafhopper species of Asian origin Orientus ishidae (Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) and two North American species, Acanalonia conica (Acanaloniidae) and Erasmoneura vulnerata (Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae). Besides these first findings, the presence of the leafhopper Phlogotettix cyclops (Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) was confirmed in Serbia after its initial record more than a century ago. Other allochthonous species already known to be present in local entomofauna were also found: Japananus hyalinus (Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae), Scaphoideus titanus (Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), Stictocephala bisonia (Membracidae) and Metcalfa pruinosa (Flatidae). The newly detected Auchenorrhyncha species in Serbia, O. ishidae, A. conica and E. vulnerata, as well as Ph. cyclops, are recognized as either tentative or true grapevine pests in Europe that cause physical damage or induce phytoplasma-borne diseases. Our findings reveal a potential phytosanitary risk that can emerge in Serbian vineyards in upcoming years and support refocused research of Auchenorrhyncha diversity in natural habitats, rather than in agroecosystems and their immediate surroundings.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Assessment of the genotoxic potential of temephos 双硫磷潜在遗传毒性的评估

Pesticidi I Fitomedicina Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/PIF2003183C

Hayal Cobanoglu, A. Çayır

{"title":"Assessment of the genotoxic potential of temephos","authors":"Hayal Cobanoglu, A. Çayır","doi":"10.2298/PIF2003183C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF2003183C","url":null,"abstract":"Genotoxic effects of pesticides are of great concern for public health due to the fact that they are widely used for both domestic and industrial purposes. Temephos is a member of organophosphorus pesticides, which is the most widely used group of chemicals against both agricultural and domestic insects. We therefore aimed in the present study to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of temephos on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) and sister chromatid exchange assays. The results showed that micronucleus (MN) frequency increased at concentrations of 50 and 75 μg/ml although it was not found statically significant (p>0.05). We found that sister chromatid exchange (SCE) values at concentrations of 50 and 75 μg/ ml were significantly higher than those obtained for the control (p<0.01). We also analyzed associations between temephos exposure and mitotic index (MI), proliferation index (PI), and cell blocked proliferation index (CBPI). There was no significant change in these values at the tested concentrations (p>0.05). It can be concluded that temephos was not cytotoxic at concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 μg/ml. However, it may have a genotoxic potential in human peripheral lymphocytes.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"35 1","pages":"183-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68626658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does continuous cropping of maize contribute to infestation with Johnsongrass (Sorghum alepense (L.) Pers.)? 玉米连作是否会导致强秆草(Sorghum alepense, L.)的侵染?珀耳斯。)?

Pesticidi I Fitomedicina Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/PIF2003161S

M. Simić, V. Dragičević, M. Brankov, Milena Senk

引用次数: 1

Assessment of genotoxic effects of a fungicide product and its active substances on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells 杀菌剂产品及其活性物质对人外周血单个核细胞的遗传毒性评价

Pesticidi I Fitomedicina Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/PIF1901061C

Hayal Cobanoglu, B. Çoşkun, A. Çayır

引用次数: 1

Control of pepper bacterial spot and tomato bacterial speck using bactericides in combination with a plant activator 杀菌剂与植物激活剂联合防治辣椒细菌性斑病和番茄细菌性斑病

Pesticidi I Fitomedicina Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/PIF1901047R

E. Rekanović, I. Potocnik, M. Stepanović, B. Todorovic, M. Mihajlović, S. Milijasevic-Marcic

{"title":"Control of pepper bacterial spot and tomato bacterial speck using bactericides in combination with a plant activator","authors":"E. Rekanović, I. Potocnik, M. Stepanović, B. Todorovic, M. Mihajlović, S. Milijasevic-Marcic","doi":"10.2298/PIF1901047R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1901047R","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of a formulated product of tea tree oil (TTO) and a standard copper based bactericide in combinations with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) for control of bacterial spot of pepper and bacterial speck of tomato was evaluated under controlled conditions. Treatments with copper hydroxide+ASM at both application rates and TTO+ASM showed the best efficacy in control of bacterial spot disease in pepper plants (with respective efficacy values 83.5%, 83.7 % and 86.9%). Similar efficacy was achieved by treatment with copper hydroxide alone (82.2%). On the other hand, the efficacy of TTO, applied alone, was significantly lower at both rates (63.8% and 71.5%) in bacterial spot control in pepper. The same treatments (copper hydroxide +ASM at both application rates and TTO+ASM) were most efficient in suppressing the causal agent of bacterial speck disease in tomato (87%, 82.3% and 81.6%). The efficacy of treatment with the standard bactericide copper hydroxide, applied alone, was significantly lower compared to its combination with ASM (79.1%). Similarly to the bacterial spot experiment, TTO treatments alone showed lower, although satisfactory efficacy at both application rates (66.1% and 68.9%). The results of this study showed that combination of the bioactive compound - ASM with either the standard copper hydroxide bactericide or TTO significantly improved their efficacy in both bacterial spot and speck disease control, and thus implied that combining different biorational compounds, such as essential oils and bioactive products, with standard copper treatments and their inclusion into integrated management programs are of essential importance for the control of bacterial diseases of pepper and tomato.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Herbicides in surface water bodies - behaviour, effects on aquatic organisms and risk assessment 地表水中的除草剂。行为、对水生生物的影响和风险评估

Pesticidi I Fitomedicina Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/pif1904157s

Marija Stevanović, S. Gašić

{"title":"Herbicides in surface water bodies - behaviour, effects on aquatic organisms and risk assessment","authors":"Marija Stevanović, S. Gašić","doi":"10.2298/pif1904157s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1904157s","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides play a very important role in reducing losses and maintaining quality in crop production. Although positive effects of pesticide use are undeniable, adverse effects are frequent. This has led to a comprehensive reevaluation of the benefits of pesticide use and potential adverse effects on human health and the environment before placing them on the market. The fact that pesticides are designed to be toxic and are deliberately introduced into the environment, makes them a very important and strictly regulated group of pollutants. The most commonly used group of pesticides are herbicides, and their detection in surface water bodies has been repeatedly reported. In spite of being designed to be toxic to target species, adverse effects on other inhabitants of aquatic environments have also been observed. In order to prevent negative environmental effects, the registration process for active substances and plant protection products involves predictive environmental risk assessments (ERA). Reliable assessment of long-term effects on non-target species, natural populations and ecosystems is a priority and ERA process is constantly being improved.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Effects of nicosulfuron on biological production of weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus) 硝磺隆对杂草向日葵生物生产的影响

Pesticidi I Fitomedicina Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/pif1904173b

D. Božić, M. Sarić-Krsmanović, S. Vrbničanin

{"title":"Effects of nicosulfuron on biological production of weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus)","authors":"D. Božić, M. Sarić-Krsmanović, S. Vrbničanin","doi":"10.2298/pif1904173b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1904173b","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of nicosulfuron on biological production of weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Plants of this weed species were sown in plots sized 5x4.2 m with inter-row spacing of 24 cm, and 70 cm distance between rows. Plants with two pairs of developed leaves were treated with nicosulfuron using the next rates: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g a.i. ha-1. Vegetative parameters (plant height, fresh weight and leaf area) were recorded five times during vegetation, including the first measurement just before herbicide application and four measurements at intervals of about two weeks. Head and seed production (number of heads per plant, head weight, head diameter, weight of seeds per head, weight of seeds per plant, number of seeds per plant) were determined after seed maturity. The application of nicosulfuron caused growth reduction of weedy sunflower in comparison with the control. All application rates of this herbicide reduced vegetative (height, fresh weight, leaf area) and some generative (number of heads per plant, weight of seeds per plant, number of seeds per plant) parameters, which decreased with increasing rates of nicosulfuron. Effects on the remaining generative test parameters (head weight, head diameter, weight of seeds per head) were not analogous to the effects on other parameters.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The activity of native Bacillus subtilis strains in control of green mould disease of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) 天然枯草芽孢杆菌菌株对平菇绿色霉菌病的防治作用

Pesticidi I Fitomedicina Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/pif1902097p

I. Potocnik, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, Olja Stanojevic, T. Berić, S. Stanković, L. Kredics, L. Hatvani

引用次数: 1

The effects of casing soil treatment with bacillus subtilis Ch-13 biofungicide on green mould control and mushroom yield 枯草芽孢杆菌Ch-13生物杀菌剂处理套管土对绿霉防治和蘑菇产量的影响

Pesticidi I Fitomedicina Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/PIF1901053P

I. Potocnik, E. Rekanović, B. Todorovic, J. Lukovic, D. Paunović, Olja Stanojevic, S. Milijasevic-Marcic

{"title":"The effects of casing soil treatment with bacillus subtilis Ch-13 biofungicide on green mould control and mushroom yield","authors":"I. Potocnik, E. Rekanović, B. Todorovic, J. Lukovic, D. Paunović, Olja Stanojevic, S. Milijasevic-Marcic","doi":"10.2298/PIF1901053P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1901053P","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of a biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 on mushroom yield and efficacy in suppression of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum T77 from Serbia was estimated in comparision with a similar microbial fungicide, Bacillus velezensis QST713, and the chemical fungicide prochloraz manganese. The biofungicide B. velezensis QST713 is registered for treatments of mushrooms and other crops in many countries but it is not currently available on the Serbian market. The tested B. subtilis Ch-13 fungicide enhanced mushroom yield 12%, compared with an uninoculated control, and notably more than B. velezensis QST713 applied at its higher test concentrations. Regarding the efficacy of the biofungicides in control of the compost pathogen T. aggressivum f. europaeum, B. subtilis Ch-13 applied in concentration of 3 ? 108 CFU per m2 showed higher efficacy than the higher concentrations (5 ? 109 and 1 ? 1010 CFU per m2) of B. velezensis QST713. The biofungicide based on B. subtilis Ch-13 should be further investigated regarding its different modes of application to ensure better efficacy in disease control as it showed beneficial features in both promoting A. bisporus production and suppressing the growth of the aggressive compost pathogen T. aggressivum, the causal agent of devastating green mould disease.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11